Judicial Procedure Of Divorce & Khula In Pakitan :An-Analytical Study

Family laws are an essence in settling on and resolving all issues in any country and in this regard tangling disputes between spouses and issues of divorce and Khula are brought forth the courts so that these matters and issues can be resolve and sort out neutrally and fairly. The court procedure has grave importance for the finest resolution of such sort of issues and cases. Sometime, the matters and cases , which are brought forth the courts , turn into the worst situation and become more complicated than before due to an inadequate and derisory procedure, Thus, judicial procedure related to the Divorce and Khula is an immense perceptive and a sensitive matter. Moreover, the amendments to the Muslim Family Laws of 2001 in actual were aimed at dealing familial cases and matters promptly, resolve all those familial cases which women have to confront, as well as to ensure the protection of their rights. Under the sub- Section 4 of section 10 of the family court Act, October, 2005, the people have been facilitated by reducing to bare bones the procedure of Divorce and Khula. According to the legal connoisseurs , the divorce rate has increased after these facilitating amendments and the situation is that the courts are sharing out the divorce degrees like sweetmeats. While sometime, under such law the grievance of the oppressed woman comes forth. In such familial cases, laws as well as the procedure of the court proceedings is also a very delicate issue in which the rate of the divorce and Khula can significantly be reduced by doing some effective changes and reforms. However, in this research paper , the analyses of the court procedure , regarding the issues of divorce and khula would be presented on.

Temporal perspective and mental functioning of socially maladjusted youth held in conditions of institutional isolation

Introduction: The aim of the research presented was to determine whether the temporal perspective of socially maladjusted adolescents, held against their will in conditions of institutional isolation, can be linked to the level of their mental functioning. Method: The researchers applied standardized psychological tests in a survey of a group of 311 adolescents (38 females, 273 males), aged 13–18, who were held in a youth education center (YEC) following family court rulings. Results: After a psychological characterization of three groups of adolescents with different temporal perspectives, distinguished on the basis of cluster analysis, it was proven that the temporal perspective of adolescents held in institutional isolation is crucial to the quality of their mental functioning. The participants who scored significantly lower in all dimensions of temporal perspective seemed to be experiencing lower-intensity loneliness, depression and stress. Those, on the other hand, whose perspective was of the present-hedonistic or past-negative types felt lonelier, lived under more stress and suffered from more severe forms of depression. The teenagers whose temporal perspective was past-positive and future-oriented turned out to be most balanced in terms of the investigated psychological variables, which may confirm the importance of a balanced temporal perspective for good quality of life. Conclusions: The strongest effect was found in relation to peer and family loneliness, which indicates the importance of family and peers in the teenagers’ psychosocial development. These findings promote further reflection on the legitimacy of institutional measures used in the rehabilitation of socially maladjusted youth to date, and the search for new, effective kinds of social rehabilitation intervention.

Developing a Smartphone-Based Adjunct Intervention to Reduce Cannabis Use Among Juvenile Justice-Involved Adolescents: A Multiphase Study Protocol (Preprint)

BACKGROUND Adolescents involved in the juvenile justice system who use cannabis are at an increased risk for future substance use disorders and rearrest. Many court-involved, non-incarcerated (CINI) youth are referred for services in the community and often encounter multiple barriers to care, highlighting a need for minimally burdensome services that can be delivered in justice settings. Digital health interventions are accessible, easy to implement, and can provide ongoing support, but have not been developed to address the unique needs of CINI youth who use cannabis. OBJECTIVE This multiphase study will develop, implement, and pilot test a novel smartphone app, Teen Empowerment through Computerized Health (TECH), to reduce cannabis and other substance use among CINI youth. TECH is conceptualized as a digital adjunct to a brief computerized intervention delivered by our family court partner. METHODS Following the principles of user-centered design, Phase I interviews with CINI youth ages 14-18 (n = 14-18), their caregivers (n = 6-8), and behavioral health app developers (n = 6-8) will guide TECH design decisions. Next, in Phase II CINI youth (n = 10) will beta test the TECH app prototype for 1 month; their feedback regarding feasibility and acceptability will directly inform the app refinement process. Finally, in Phase III CINI youth (n = 60) will participate in a pilot randomized control trial for 6 months comparing the preliminary effectiveness of the adjunctive TECH app on cannabis use outcomes. RESULTS Phase I data collection began in September 2020 and was completed in December 2021; 14 CINI youth, 8 caregivers, and 11 behavioral health app developers participated. Phases II and III will take place in 2022-2023 and 2023-2025, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This body of work will provide insight into the feasibility and acceptability of a smartphone-based adjunctive intervention designed for CINI youth. Phase III results will offer preliminary indication of the effectiveness of the TECH app in reducing cannabis use among CINI youth. CLINICALTRIAL We completed Phase I of this 3-phase research study in December 2021. The pilot RCT (Phase III of the research) is scheduled to launch in Summer 2023 and will be submitted for registration the clinicaltrials.gov website within 21 days of enrolling the first Phase III participant.

Funkcjonowanie nieletnich w ośrodku kuratorskim

The article draws attention to the functioning of juveniles in a probation officer’s centre. The legislator has defined the scope of the centres’ activities quite broadly. Among the tasks carried out, the staff undertake work with juveniles who have been referred by family court for demoralisation or criminal offences. The algorithm of work in the probation officer’s centre defines the actions taken against minors, but the studies lack an idea of the situation from the perspective of the minors themselves. The article also reveals the specific adaptation techniques undertaken by juveniles in a new situation for them, which is undoubtedly directed to the probation officer’s centre, comparing them with those presented by the participants in isolation facilities. The study is complemented by available statistics on the number of minors sent to probation officer’s centres (against the background of statistics on all minors for whom educational measures have been taken); a description of the tasks carried out in the probation officer’s centres, a brief description of the working methodology and conclusions for the practice. The article presents issues from the perspective of both theorist and practice, which allows to capture a broader perspective of the activities of probation officer’s centers.

Erfassung von Merkmalen kindlicher Bindung in familienrechtlichen Verfahren: Methodische Überlegungen

Child attachment characteristics are important for family court decisions. This article provides a description of relevant attachment characteristics and their assessment criteria (presence of attachment, differences in attachment quality, attachment disturbances). In addition, potential problems and pitfalls of attachment assessments in psychological court expert reports are addressed, including the topics of deficits in knowledge of basic attachment concepts and behavioural criteria, poor internal validity of easy accessible diagnostic attachment or relationship tools, and the limits of transferring valid and sound attachment research methods to the psychological assessments in expert court reports. We recommend an eclectic approach informed by attachment theory, of aggregating and integrate several attachment indicators, including characteristics of attachment figures and different levels of attachment assessment (behaviour and representation). Finally, discuss the use of attachment characteristics for giving a professional opinion on the impact of child rearing experiences, a child’s resilience in face of current adversities, and for predicting potential developmental trajectories. Implications for education and training of experts are mentioned.

"Any evidence" in the Family Court

<p>This dissertation examines the origins and justification for the “any evidence” rule which has been a feature of New Zealand family law for many years. The rule provides judicial discretion to admit evidence in the Family Court which would be otherwise inadmissible. Its ongoing value has never been closely examined, although the rule has frequently been criticised. Selected cases have been examined to determine if reliance on the Evidence Act without the “any evidence” rule would have the deleterious outcomes contemplated. Analysis has shown that the rule has very little use and conversely, that the detriment caused by the rule is greater than the harm it was designed to remedy. Repeal and reform options are considered to better achieve the specific purposes of the various family law statutes as well as improve the integrity of the Family Court process overall.</p>

"Any evidence" in the Family Court

<p>This dissertation examines the origins and justification for the “any evidence” rule which has been a feature of New Zealand family law for many years. The rule provides judicial discretion to admit evidence in the Family Court which would be otherwise inadmissible. Its ongoing value has never been closely examined, although the rule has frequently been criticised. Selected cases have been examined to determine if reliance on the Evidence Act without the “any evidence” rule would have the deleterious outcomes contemplated. Analysis has shown that the rule has very little use and conversely, that the detriment caused by the rule is greater than the harm it was designed to remedy. Repeal and reform options are considered to better achieve the specific purposes of the various family law statutes as well as improve the integrity of the Family Court process overall.</p>