Near - surface characterization of sediments of the Sokoto group exposed around Wamakko area, Northwestern Nigeria: an integrated approach

<p>Surface seismic methods are among the most popular, widely accepted, geophysical methods for near-surface characterization. The most practical and effective way to perform in-situ measurements and data processing using different seismic methods as are seismic refraction, seismic reflection and MASW method in an integrated approach is presented in this paper. Each method has some advantages and limitations, but their application in an integrated approach provides higher accuracy in subsurface modeling. The same seismic equipment and, in most of the cases, the same acquisition parameters were used, enabling time and cost effective survey for subsurface characterization. The choice of these parameters was not random. Experimental research by use of the above-mentioned seismic methods was carried out in a long period in order to define the optimal parameters for successful application of an integrated technique in future research. During this survey, particular attention was paid to the influence of the acquisition parameters on the dispersion image resolution in the MASW surveys and extraction of an effective dispersion curve.</p><p>The results of the performed surveys at characteristic locations in R. North Macedonia are presented to show the efficiency of the combined methods approach.</p>

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Seismic Reflection for Near-surface Characterization of Earthen Dams and Dikes: Upstream, Downstream

10.1190/iceg2015-058 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Richard D. Miller ◽

Richard D. Markiewicz ◽

Julian Ivanov ◽

Shelby Peterie ◽

Jianghai Xia

Keyword(s):

Seismic Reflection ◽

Surface Characterization ◽

Near Surface ◽

Earthen Dams

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Near Surface Characterization of an Impinging Elliptic Jet Array

Journal of Fluids Engineering ◽

10.1115/1.2822218 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 121 (2) ◽

pp. 384-390 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Simona C. Arjocu ◽

James A. Liburdy

Keyword(s):

Surface Characterization ◽

Large Scale ◽

Near Surface ◽

Large Scale Structures ◽

Aspect Ratios ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

Turbulence Velocity ◽

Axis Switching ◽

Jet Array

In this study naturally occurring large-scale structures and some turbulence characteristics within an impinging jet array are investigated. The dynamics of a three-by-three elliptic jet array are analyzed relative to the flow structures within the array. With applications to electronic component cooling, low Reynolds number conditions, Re = 300 to 1500, are presented. Two jet aspect ratios are used, 2 and 3, with identical jet hydraulic diameters and jet-to-jet space. The effects of impinging distance are studied in the range of one to six jet hydraulic diameters. Flow visualization and PIV are used for the identification of structures and quantitative analysis. These results are used to evaluate the integrated surface layer vorticity, Γ*, which is shown to depend on the jet aspect ratio and impingement distance. Also, a transport coefficient is presented, based on a turbulence velocity and length scales. This coefficient is shown to experience a maximum value versus impingement distance that coincides with the location of axis switching.

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Electrical Characterization of As-Processed Semiconductor Surfaces - Invited Paper

Solid State Phenomena ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.255.299 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 255 ◽

pp. 299-303

Author(s):

Jerzy Ruzyllo ◽

Patrick J. Drummond

Keyword(s):

Surface Characterization ◽

Process Development ◽

Electrical Characterization ◽

Experimental Results ◽

Surface Photovoltage ◽

Semiconductor Surface ◽

Semiconductor Surfaces ◽

Near Surface

The paper is concerned with electrical characterization of as-processed semiconductor surfaces and near-surface regions for the purpose of process development and monitoring. The methods of electrical characterization based on Surface Photovoltage (SPV) and Photoconductance Decay (PCD) effects are discussed as being particularly conducive with the needs of as-processed semiconductor surface characterization and experimental results demonstrating merits of the proposed methodology are presented.

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