scholarly journals Wnt-11 and Fz7 reduce cell adhesion in convergent extension by sequestration of PAPC and C-cadherin

2012 ◽  
Vol 198 (4) ◽  
pp. 695-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bianca Kraft ◽  
Corinna D. Berger ◽  
Veronika Wallkamm ◽  
Herbert Steinbeisser ◽  
Doris Wedlich
Keyword(s):  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Cell Polarity ◽  
Cell Sorting ◽  
Planar Cell Polarity ◽  
Convergent Extension ◽  
Membrane Stabilization ◽  
Dynamic Modulation ◽  
Interaction Domains ◽  
Shape Changes

Wnt-11/planar cell polarity signaling polarizes mesodermal cells undergoing convergent extension during Xenopus laevis gastrulation. These shape changes associated with lateral intercalation behavior require a dynamic modulation of cell adhesion. In this paper, we report that Wnt-11/frizzled-7 (Fz7) controls cell adhesion by forming separate adhesion-modulating complexes (AMCs) with the paraxial protocadherin (PAPC; denoted as AMCP) and C-cadherin (denoted as AMCC) via distinct Fz7 interaction domains. When PAPC was part of a Wnt-11–Fz7 complex, its Dynamin1- and clathrin-dependent internalization was blocked. This membrane stabilization of AMCP (Fz7/PAPC) by Wnt-11 prevented C-cadherin clustering, resulting in reduced cell adhesion and modified cell sorting activity. Importantly, Wnt-11 did not influence C-cadherin internalization; instead, it promoted the formation of AMCC (Fz7/Cadherin), which competed with cis-dimerization of C-cadherin. Because PAPC and C-cadherin did not directly interact and did not form a joint complex with Fz7, we suggest that Wnt-11 triggers the formation of two distinct complexes, AMCC and AMCP, that act in parallel to reduce cell adhesion by hampering lateral clustering of C-cadherin.

scholarly journals Coupling Planar Cell Polarity Signaling to Morphogenesis

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 434-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey D. Axelrod ◽  
Helen McNeill
Keyword(s):  
Cell Polarity ◽  
Planar Cell Polarity ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Convergent Extension ◽  
Cytoskeletal Reorganization ◽  
Directional Information ◽  
Cochlear Hair Cell ◽  
Cellular Asymmetry ◽  
Pcp Signaling ◽  
Unknown Signal

Epithelial cells and other groups of cells acquire a polarity orthogonal to their apical–basal axes, referred to as Planar Cell Polarity (PCP). The process by which these cells become polarized requires a signaling pathway using Frizzled as a receptor. Responding cells sense cues from their environment that provide directional information, and they translate this information into cellular asymmetry. Most of what is known about PCP derives from studies in the fruit fly,Drosophila. We review what is known about how cells translate an unknown signal into asymmetric cytoskeletal reorganization. We then discuss how the vertebrate processes of convergent extension and cochlear hair-cell development may relate toDrosophilaPCP signaling.

scholarly journals Planar cell polarity: moving from single cells to tissue-scale biology

Development ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 147 (24) ◽  
pp. dev186346
Author(s):  
Marek Mlodzik
Keyword(s):  
Cell Polarity ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Planar Cell Polarity ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Model System ◽  
Convergent Extension ◽  
Organ Function ◽  
Biophysical Studies ◽  
Cell Positioning

ABSTRACTPlanar cell polarity (PCP) reflects cellular orientation within the plane of an epithelium. PCP is crucial during many biological patterning processes and for organ function. It is omnipresent, from convergent-extension mechanisms during early development through to terminal organogenesis, and it regulates many aspects of cell positioning and orientation during tissue morphogenesis, organ development and homeostasis. Suzanne Eaton used the power of Drosophila as a model system to study PCP, but her vision of, and impact on, PCP studies in flies translates to all animal models. As I highlight here, Suzanne's incorporation of quantitative biophysical studies of whole tissues, integrated with the detailed cell biology of PCP phenomena, completely changed how the field studies this intriguing feature. Moreover, Suzanne's impact on ongoing and future PCP studies is fundamental, long-lasting and transformative.

scholarly journals Ancestral roles of atypical cadherins in planar cell polarity

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (32) ◽  
pp. 19310-19320
Author(s):  
Maria Brooun ◽  
Alexander Klimovich ◽  
Mikhail Bashkurov ◽  
Bret J. Pearson ◽  
Robert E. Steele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Cell Polarity ◽  
Planar Cell Polarity ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cell Alignment ◽  
Actin Organization ◽  
Tissue Organization ◽  
Ancestral Function ◽  
Local Cell

Fat, Fat-like, and Dachsous family cadherins are giant proteins that regulate planar cell polarity (PCP) and cell adhesion in bilaterians. Their evolutionary origin can be traced back to prebilaterian species, but their ancestral function(s) are unknown. We identified Fat-like and Dachsous cadherins inHydra, a member of phylum Cnidaria a sister group of bilaterian. We foundHydradoes not possess a true Fat homolog, but has homologs of Fat-like (HyFatl) and Dachsous (HyDs) that localize at the apical membrane of ectodermal epithelial cells and are planar polarized perpendicular to the oral–aboral axis of the animal. Using a knockdown approach we found that HyFatl is involved in local cell alignment and cell–cell adhesion, and that reduction of HyFatl leads to defects in tissue organization in the body column. Overexpression and knockdown experiments indicate that the intracellular domain (ICD) of HyFatl affects actin organization through proline-rich repeats. Thus, planar polarization of Fat-like and Dachsous cadherins has ancient, prebilaterian origins, and Fat-like cadherins have ancient roles in cell adhesion, spindle orientation, and tissue organization.

scholarly journals Distinct Apical and Basolateral Mechanisms Drive Planar Cell Polarity-Dependent Convergent Extension of the Mouse Neural Plate

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margot Williams ◽  
Weiwei Yen ◽  
Xiaowei Lu ◽  
Ann Sutherland
Keyword(s):  
Cell Polarity ◽  
Planar Cell Polarity ◽  
Neural Plate ◽  
Convergent Extension

scholarly journals Ancestral role of Fat-like cadherins in planar cell polarity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Brooun ◽  
Alexander Klimovich ◽  
Mikhail Bashkurov ◽  
Bret J. Pearson ◽  
Robert E. Steele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Cell Polarity ◽  
Planar Cell Polarity ◽  
Radial Symmetry ◽  
Global Alignment ◽  
Cell Alignment ◽  
Tissue Organization ◽  
Ancestral Function ◽  
Simple Body ◽  
Epithelial Layers

ABSTRACTFat family cadherins are enormous proteins that regulate planar cell polarity (PCP) and cell adhesion in bilaterian animals. Their evolutionary origin can be traced back to prebilaterian species, but their ancestral function(s) are unknown. We identified Fat-like and Dachsous cadherins in Hydra, a member of the early-diverging metazoan phylum Cnidaria. Hydra has a simple body plan with only two epithelial layers and radial symmetry. We find that Hydra homologues of Fat-like (HyFat) and Dachsous (HyDs) co-localize at the apico-lateral membrane of ectodermal epithelial cells. Remarkably, HyFat is planar polarized perpendicular to the oral-aboral axis of the animal. Using knockdown approaches we found that HyFat is involved in the regulation of local cell alignment, but is dispensable for the global alignment of ectodermal myonemes along the oral-aboral axis. The intracellular domain (ICD) of HyFat is involved in the morphogenesis of ectodermal myonemes. Thus, Fat family cadherins have ancient, prebilaterian functions in cell adhesion, tissue organization and planar polarity.

scholarly journals Planar cell polarity signalling regulates cell adhesion properties in progenitors of the zebrafish laterality organ

Development ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 137 (20) ◽  
pp. 3459-3468 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Oteiza ◽  
M. Koppen ◽  
M. Krieg ◽  
E. Pulgar ◽  
C. Farias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Cell Polarity ◽  
Planar Cell Polarity ◽  
Adhesion Properties ◽  
Planar Cell Polarity Signalling
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