scholarly journals Shape changes in human erythrocytes induced by replacement of the native phosphatidylcholine with species containing various fatty acids.

1984 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 2260-2267 ◽  
Author(s):  
F A Kuypers ◽  
B Roelofsen ◽  
W Berendsen ◽  
J A Op den Kamp ◽  
L L van Deenen
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Phospholipid ◽  
Liver Microsomes ◽  
Human Erythrocytes ◽  
Phospholipid Content ◽  
Rat Liver Microsomes ◽  
Transfer Protein ◽  
Total Phospholipid Content

Phosphatidylcholine-specific transfer protein from beef liver has been used to replace native phosphatidylcholine (PC) molecules from intact human erythrocytes by a variety of PC species differing in fatty acid composition. These replacements changed neither the total phospholipid content of the membrane, nor the composition of this fraction in terms of the various phospholipid classes. The morphology of the erythrocyte was not modified when native PC was replaced by 1-palmitoyl,2-oleoyl PC, 1-palmitoyl,2-linoleoyl PC, egg PC, or PC isolated from rat liver microsomes. Replacement with the disaturated species 1,2-dimyristoyl PC, 1,2-dipalmitoyl PC, and 1,2-distearoyl PC resulted in the formation of echinocytes and, at higher levels of replacement, in spheroechinocytes. Echinocyte-like erythrocytes were also observed after replacement with 1-palmitoyl,2-arachidonoyl PC, whereas stomatocytes were formed upon replacement with PC species containing two unsaturated fatty acids, e.g., 1,2-dioleoyl PC and 1,2-dilinoleoyl PC. The observations show that the erythrocyte membrane structure and the overall discoid cell shape of the human erythrocyte are optimally stabilized by PC species that contain one saturated and one mono- or diunsaturated fatty acid, and that the cell tolerates only limited variations in the species composition of its PC.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION ON CONTENT OF FATTY ACIDS, PHOSPHOLIPIDS, AND PHOSPHOLIPID MOLECULAR SPECIES COMPOSITION OF THE VIETNAMESE CORAL Bebryce sp.

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-186
Author(s):  
Dang Thi Phuong Ly ◽  
Pham Minh Quan ◽  
Trinh Thi Thu Huong ◽  
Valeria P. Grigorchuk ◽  
Pham Quoc Long ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Molecular Species ◽  
Soft Coral ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Phospholipid ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Phospholipid Content ◽  
Fatty Acids Composition ◽  
Phospholipid Molecular Species

In the fatty acid composition of total lipid of the soft coral Bebryce sp., the concentration of unsaturated fatty acid predominates. The composition of saturated fatty acids is very diverse, including all saturated fatty acids from C14 to C26. The unsaturated fatty acids with high concentration are C20: 4n-6, 20:5n-3, 22:6n-3, 24:5n-6, 26:3n-6, 26:2n-6, 26:2n-7, 28:3n-6. In the fatty acids composition of the studied coral, there is presence of characterized fatty acids for the existence of sponges C25-C28 (demospongic fatty acids) with total content 29,86%. Most of the Bebryce coral species do not have zooxanthellae, therefore, in the fatty acids composition, either it is lack or contains only a small amount of markers fatty acids for zooxanthellae such as 18:5n-3, 18:4n-3, 18:3n-6, 20:4n-3. In the phospholipid content of the soft coral Bebryce sp., there is presence of characterized classes for Cnidarian animals such as phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylchonline (PC), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphonolipid is ceramide aminoethylphosphonate (CAEP). PC account for the highest concentration (37,20% of total phospholipid). The molecular species of phospholipid classes of Bebryce sp. for the first time were investigated. In the results, there we 60 phospholipid molecular species identified in 5 classes. The molecular species with high content in the classes were PE 20:4/18:1e, PE 20:4/19:1, PC 20:4/18:0e, PC 20:4/16:0e, PS 24:5/18:0e, PI 24:5/18:0, CAEP18:2base/16:0 and CAEP 18:1base/16:0.

Quantitative Effects of Unsaturated Fatty Acids in Microbial Mutants. IV. Lipid Composition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae When Growth is Limited by Unsaturated Fatty Acid Supply

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 1262-1277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce J. Holub ◽  
William E. M. Lands
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Phospholipid ◽  
Phospholipid Content ◽  
Membrane Phospholipids ◽  
Mole Percentage

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant KD46 (ole 2), which is unable to synthesize unsaturated fatty acids, was grown on limiting amounts of different added unsaturated fatty acids. The acyl chain composition of the cellular lipid classes was determined in these cultures at different stages of growth. During growth on added oleic acid, there was no marked change in the mole percentage of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, or phosphatidylserine among the total phospholipids.Cells grown on palmitoleic, oleic, or linoleic acid showed a steady decrease in their total phospholipid levels per cell concomitant with a decrease in growth rate approaching minimal levels at stationary phase. Furthermore, the mole percentage of the supplemented unsaturated fatty acid in the cellular phospholipids also decreased during growth and attained minimal values when growth ceased.At stationary phase the total phospholipid content per cell was similar for cells grown on a wide range of fatty acids or mixtures thereof, whereas the composition of the fatty acids in the cellular phospholipids were strikingly different. The differences in efficiencies for supporting growth of most of the unsaturated fatty acids tested did not seem due to the extent of their incorporation into cellular phospholipids, but rather to differences in the ability of the derived membrane phospholipids to support cellular functions.Palmitoleate, oleate, linoleate, linolenate, arachidonate, eicosapentaenoate, and docosahexaenoate all appeared to contribute to the functionality of cellular membranes in an additive linear manner. Thus, the contribution of these acids to cellular growth can be characterized by a functionality factor that seems independent of the mixtures of acids supporting growth. Use of the functionality concept allows the cumulative influence of many different acids to be summarized quantitatively by a single number rather than resorting to qualitative descriptions of the degree of unsaturation or 'fitness' of the membrane phospholipids.

Biosynthetic utilization of photoreactive fatty acids by rat liver microsomes

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 375-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Leblanc ◽  
Gerhard E. Gerber
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Alkyl Chain ◽  
Liver Microsomes ◽  
Rat Liver Microsomes ◽  
Phospholipid Synthesis ◽  
Derivatives Of

The photoreactive ω-diazirinophenoxy derivatives of nonanoate, undecanoate, tridecanoate, and pentadecanoate were shown to be activated by rat liver microsomes to the corresponding acyl-CoA derivatives. The Km and Vmax for these fatty acid analogues were determined; the values obtained indicate that the addition of a photoreactive group to an alkyl chain has an effect similar to that of elongation of the chain by about seven carbons. Incubation of microsomes in the presence of lysophospholipids resulted in the incorporation of the photoreactive fatty acids into the corresponding phospholipids. The ability of mammalian systems to utilize these photoreactive fatty acids for phospholipid synthesis establishes their suitability as photoaffinity analogues of fatty acids.

scholarly journals Effect of liver fatty acid binding protein on fatty acid movement between liposomes and rat liver microsomes

1987 ◽  
Vol 244 (3) ◽  
pp. 717-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
M McCormack ◽  
P Brecher
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Equilibrium Dialysis ◽  
Liver Microsomes ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding Proteins ◽  
Rat Liver Microsomes ◽  
Acid Complex ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding

Although movement of fatty acids between bilayers can occur spontaneously, it has been postulated that intracellular movement is facilitated by a class of proteins named fatty acid binding proteins (FABP). In this study we have incorporated long chain fatty acids into multilamellar liposomes made of phosphatidylcholine, incubated them with rat liver microsomes containing an active acyl-CoA synthetase, and measured formation of acyl-CoA in the absence or presence of FABP purified from rat liver. FABP increased about 2-fold the accumulation of acyl-CoA when liposomes were the fatty acid donor. Using fatty acid incorporated into liposomes made either of egg yolk lecithin or of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, it was found that the temperature dependence of acyl-CoA accumulation in the presence of FABP correlated with both the physical state of phospholipid molecules in the liposomes and the binding of fatty acid to FABP, suggesting that fatty acid must first desorb from the liposomes before FABP can have an effect. An FABP-fatty acid complex incubated with microsomes, in the absence of liposomes, resulted in greater acyl-CoA formation than when liposomes were present, suggesting that desorption of fatty acid from the membrane is rate-limiting in the accumulation of acyl-CoA by this system. Finally, an equilibrium dialysis cell separating liposomes from microsomes on opposite sides of a Nuclepore filter was used to show that liver FABP was required for the movement and activation of fatty acid between the compartments. These studies show that liver FABP interacts with fatty acid that desorbs from phospholipid bilayers, and promotes movement to a membrane-bound enzyme, suggesting that FABP may act intracellularly by increasing net desorption of fatty acid from cell membranes.

Compositional correlates of metabolic depression in the mitochondrial membranes of estivating snails

1998 ◽  
Vol 275 (6) ◽  
pp. R1977-R1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Stuart ◽  
T. E. Gillis ◽  
J. S. Ballantyne
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
Total Phospholipid ◽  
Proton Pumping ◽  
Phospholipid Content ◽  
Mitochondrial Membranes ◽  
Cepaea Nemoralis ◽  
Phospholipid Classes ◽  
Concomitant Reduction ◽  
Total Phospholipid Content

The phospholipid and protein compositions of mitochondrial membranes from hepatopancreas of active and estivating terrestrial snails ( Cepaea nemoralis) were compared. Mitochondria from estivating snails contained 82.7% less cardiolipin, and this was associated with an 83.9% reduction in cytochrome- c oxidase activity. Substantial changes also occurred in the proportional amounts of other individual phospholipid classes and their constituent fatty acids, including a 72% loss of total mitochondrial phospholipids, a 37% increase in monoenes, and 49% fewer n–3 fatty acids in membranes of estivating snails. These changes are consistent with those correlated with lowered metabolic rate and lower rates of proton leak in other animal models. Estivating snail hepatopancreas showed no change in total phospholipid content, indicating that the phospholipids lost from mitochondrial membranes may be sequestered elsewhere within the cell. We suggest that estivating snails remodel mitochondrial membranes as part of a coordinated, reversible suppression of mitochondrial membrane-associated processes, which may include a concomitant reduction in rates of proton pumping and leaking.

Saturated fatty acid diet prevents radiation-associated decline in intestinal uptake

1989 ◽  
Vol 256 (1) ◽  
pp. G178-G187
Author(s):  
A. B. Thomson ◽  
M. Keelan ◽  
T. Lam ◽  
C. I. Cheeseman ◽  
K. Walker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Brush Border ◽  
Brush Border Membrane ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Phospholipid ◽  
Irradiation Damage ◽  
Acid Diet ◽  
Abdominal Irradiation

Adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed isocaloric semipurified diets containing a high content of either polyunsaturated (P) or saturated (S) fatty acids; these diets were nutritionally adequate, providing for all known essential nutrient requirements. On day 3 after beginning S or P, one group of animals was exposed to a single 6-Gy dose of abdominal radiation, and the other half was sham irradiated. S or P diets were continued for a further 14 days. Brush-border membrane purification and sucrase-specific activities were unaffected by diet or by abdominal irradiation. In rats fed P, irradiation was associated with an increase in jejunal brush-border membrane total phospholipid and the ratio of phospholipid to cholesterol; these changes were not observed in animals fed S. In irradiated rats, ileal brush-border membrane phospholipid per cholesterol was high in animals fed S compared with P. In irradiated animals fed P, there was reduced jejunal and ileal uptake of several medium- and long-chain saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and cholesterol, and the ileal uptake of higher concentrations of glucose was reduced in irradiated animals fed P. In contrast, lipid uptake was similar in control and irradiated animals fed S except for cholesterol uptake, which was reduced. Ileal uptake of higher concentrations of glucose was increased in irradiated animals fed S. Quantitative autoradiography failed to demonstrate any change in the distribution of leucine or lysine transport sites along the villus 1 or 2 wk after abdominal irradiation or in response to feeding S or P. Also, these differences in transport achieved by feeding S to radiated animals were not explained by variations in the animals' food consumption or intestinal mucosal surface area. Thus the use of short-term feeding with a saturated fatty acid diet in the prevention of acute irradiation damage to the intestine warrants further investigation in humans.

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