Compositional correlates of metabolic depression in the mitochondrial membranes of estivating snails

1998 ◽  
Vol 275 (6) ◽  
pp. R1977-R1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Stuart ◽  
T. E. Gillis ◽  
J. S. Ballantyne
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
Total Phospholipid ◽  
Proton Pumping ◽  
Phospholipid Content ◽  
Mitochondrial Membranes ◽  
Cepaea Nemoralis ◽  
Phospholipid Classes ◽  
Concomitant Reduction ◽  
Total Phospholipid Content

The phospholipid and protein compositions of mitochondrial membranes from hepatopancreas of active and estivating terrestrial snails ( Cepaea nemoralis) were compared. Mitochondria from estivating snails contained 82.7% less cardiolipin, and this was associated with an 83.9% reduction in cytochrome- c oxidase activity. Substantial changes also occurred in the proportional amounts of other individual phospholipid classes and their constituent fatty acids, including a 72% loss of total mitochondrial phospholipids, a 37% increase in monoenes, and 49% fewer n–3 fatty acids in membranes of estivating snails. These changes are consistent with those correlated with lowered metabolic rate and lower rates of proton leak in other animal models. Estivating snail hepatopancreas showed no change in total phospholipid content, indicating that the phospholipids lost from mitochondrial membranes may be sequestered elsewhere within the cell. We suggest that estivating snails remodel mitochondrial membranes as part of a coordinated, reversible suppression of mitochondrial membrane-associated processes, which may include a concomitant reduction in rates of proton pumping and leaking.

scholarly journals Shape changes in human erythrocytes induced by replacement of the native phosphatidylcholine with species containing various fatty acids.

1984 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 2260-2267 ◽  
Author(s):  
F A Kuypers ◽  
B Roelofsen ◽  
W Berendsen ◽  
J A Op den Kamp ◽  
L L van Deenen
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Phospholipid ◽  
Liver Microsomes ◽  
Human Erythrocytes ◽  
Phospholipid Content ◽  
Rat Liver Microsomes ◽  
Transfer Protein ◽  
Total Phospholipid Content

Phosphatidylcholine-specific transfer protein from beef liver has been used to replace native phosphatidylcholine (PC) molecules from intact human erythrocytes by a variety of PC species differing in fatty acid composition. These replacements changed neither the total phospholipid content of the membrane, nor the composition of this fraction in terms of the various phospholipid classes. The morphology of the erythrocyte was not modified when native PC was replaced by 1-palmitoyl,2-oleoyl PC, 1-palmitoyl,2-linoleoyl PC, egg PC, or PC isolated from rat liver microsomes. Replacement with the disaturated species 1,2-dimyristoyl PC, 1,2-dipalmitoyl PC, and 1,2-distearoyl PC resulted in the formation of echinocytes and, at higher levels of replacement, in spheroechinocytes. Echinocyte-like erythrocytes were also observed after replacement with 1-palmitoyl,2-arachidonoyl PC, whereas stomatocytes were formed upon replacement with PC species containing two unsaturated fatty acids, e.g., 1,2-dioleoyl PC and 1,2-dilinoleoyl PC. The observations show that the erythrocyte membrane structure and the overall discoid cell shape of the human erythrocyte are optimally stabilized by PC species that contain one saturated and one mono- or diunsaturated fatty acid, and that the cell tolerates only limited variations in the species composition of its PC.

Effect of fetal exposure to gentamicin on phosphate transport in young rat kidney

1993 ◽  
Vol 265 (6) ◽  
pp. F807-F812
Author(s):  
M. Lelievre-Pegorier ◽  
S. Euzet ◽  
C. Merlet-Benichou
Keyword(s):  
Brush Border Membrane ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Total Phospholipid ◽  
Phospholipid Composition ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Phosphate Transport ◽  
Phospholipid Content ◽  
Postnatal Maturation ◽  
Rat Pups ◽  
Total Phospholipid Content

The renal phosphate (Pi)-transporting capacity normally increases, due to increased carrier system affinity, during the third postnatal week in rats. However, the tubular Pi reabsorption of rat pups born from gentamicin-treated mothers does not increase during this period. This study determines whether exposure to gentamicin in utero selectively alters the postnatal maturation of the carrier affinity for Pi. Pi and glucose transports by proximal tubule brush-border membrane (BBM) were studied. The maximal rate of uptake (Vmax) of Na-Pi cotransport was significantly lower (536 +/- 169 pmol.mg protein-1.10 s-1; n = 6, P < 0.01) in gentamicin-exposed rats than in controls (1,021 +/- 167 pmol.mg protein-1.10 s-1, n = 6), whereas the Michaelis constant (Km) values were the same. Gentamicin exposure had no effect on plasma parathyroid hormone concentration or on BBM glucose transport activity. The total phospholipid content of BBM, their phospholipid composition, cholesterol content, and cholesterol-to-total phospholipid mole ratio were unaltered, suggesting that membrane fluidity was unchanged. The Vmax of BBM alkaline phosphatase was lower in gentamicin-exposed rats than in controls.

Metabolic basis of diethylaminoethoxyhexestrol-induced phospholipid fatty liver

1987 ◽  
Vol 252 (3) ◽  
pp. E375-E379 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kubo ◽  
K. Y. Hostetler
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Foam Cell ◽  
Total Phospholipid ◽  
Phospholipid Content ◽  
Liver Phospholipid ◽  
Phospholipase A1 ◽  
Total Phospholipid Content ◽  
Metabolic Basis ◽  
First Time

Diethylaminoethoxyhexestrol caused a foam cell lipidosis in humans characterized by phospholipid storage in the liver, spleen, and other tissues, and this represents the first description of acquired lipidosis caused by a drug. It has been proposed that diethylaminoethoxyhexestrol causes phospholipid fatty liver by concentrating in lysosomes and inhibiting phospholipases but it has not previously been possible to measure the intralysosomal concentration of diethylaminoethoxyhexestrol. In this paper we report for the first time the intralysosomal concentration of this drug in rats. After a single oral dose of diethylaminoethoxyhexestrol (100 mg/kg) the intralysosomal concentration was 7.9 mM at 2.5 h, 15.6 mM at 12 h, and 20.9 mM at 24 h, respectively. The total phospholipid content of lysosomes in drug-treated rats increased 1.9-, 6.0-, and 7.6-fold over control at 2.5, 12, and 24 h, respectively. Purified lysosomal phospholipase A1 was strongly inhibited by diethylaminoethoxyhexestrol in vitro. In phospholipid fatty liver, phospholipid accumulation in lysosomes appears to be caused by the presence of diethylaminoethoxyhexestrol in lysosomes at concentrations estimated to be 7.9–20 mM, because drug levels above 1 mM completely block the activity of purified lysosomal phospholipase A1 in vitro.

STUDIES IN PHOSPHOLIPID METABOLISM: I. EFFECT OF GUANIDOACETIC ACID AND CHOLINE ON LIVER PHOSPHOLIPIDS

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 1183-1194 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Blumenstein
Keyword(s):  
Total Phospholipid ◽  
Phospholipid Metabolism ◽  
Phospholipid Content ◽  
Subsequent Reduction ◽  
Total Phospholipid Content

An attempt was made to produce 'forced methylation' and subsequent reduction of lecithin content of livers of rats fed a semipurified diet. The addition of guanidoacetic acid to the diet of the rats did not alter either the total phospholipid extracted from their livers or the liver lecithin content significantly. This constant pattern was observed whether choline was included in the diet or not. However, in animals fed a diet deficient in choline, the ratio of lecithin and cephalin extracted from their livers was altered, although the total phospholipid content remained constant.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION ON CONTENT OF FATTY ACIDS, PHOSPHOLIPIDS, AND PHOSPHOLIPID MOLECULAR SPECIES COMPOSITION OF THE VIETNAMESE CORAL Bebryce sp.

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-186
Author(s):  
Dang Thi Phuong Ly ◽  
Pham Minh Quan ◽  
Trinh Thi Thu Huong ◽  
Valeria P. Grigorchuk ◽  
Pham Quoc Long ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Molecular Species ◽  
Soft Coral ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Phospholipid ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Phospholipid Content ◽  
Fatty Acids Composition ◽  
Phospholipid Molecular Species

In the fatty acid composition of total lipid of the soft coral Bebryce sp., the concentration of unsaturated fatty acid predominates. The composition of saturated fatty acids is very diverse, including all saturated fatty acids from C14 to C26. The unsaturated fatty acids with high concentration are C20: 4n-6, 20:5n-3, 22:6n-3, 24:5n-6, 26:3n-6, 26:2n-6, 26:2n-7, 28:3n-6. In the fatty acids composition of the studied coral, there is presence of characterized fatty acids for the existence of sponges C25-C28 (demospongic fatty acids) with total content 29,86%. Most of the Bebryce coral species do not have zooxanthellae, therefore, in the fatty acids composition, either it is lack or contains only a small amount of markers fatty acids for zooxanthellae such as 18:5n-3, 18:4n-3, 18:3n-6, 20:4n-3. In the phospholipid content of the soft coral Bebryce sp., there is presence of characterized classes for Cnidarian animals such as phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylchonline (PC), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphonolipid is ceramide aminoethylphosphonate (CAEP). PC account for the highest concentration (37,20% of total phospholipid). The molecular species of phospholipid classes of Bebryce sp. for the first time were investigated. In the results, there we 60 phospholipid molecular species identified in 5 classes. The molecular species with high content in the classes were PE 20:4/18:1e, PE 20:4/19:1, PC 20:4/18:0e, PC 20:4/16:0e, PS 24:5/18:0e, PI 24:5/18:0, CAEP18:2base/16:0 and CAEP 18:1base/16:0.

708. Phospholipids in New Zealand dairy products: II. Seasonal variations in the phospholipid content of butter and of milk and cream

1958 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. R. McDowell
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Total Phospholipid ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Phospholipid Content ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Fat Globules ◽  
Total Phospholipid Content

Samples of milk, skim-milk and raw cream from one factory and of pasteurized cream, buttermilk and butter from two factories were taken twice monthly for varying periods for estimation of total phospholipids and (in butter only) of lecithin, cephalin and sphingomyelin.Seasonal variations in the phospholipid contents of milk, skim-milk and raw cream over 13 months probably were due to the greater proportion of small fat globules in autumn (late lactation) milk compared with spring (early lactation) milk.There were regularly recurring seasonal variations in total phospholipid content of the butters over 3 years. Maximum results were found during autumn and minimum results in winter. Lecithin, cephalin and sphingomyelin contents followed the same trends as the total phospholipid contents.Seasonal variations in phospholipid contents of buttermilks and butters were due mainly to variations in the amount of phospholipid per unit of fat in the cream. Differences in butter-making technique had little effect on the proportion of phospholipids from the cream retained in the butter.Average results for total phospholipid content of the products examined were: milk, 0·038% (0·031–0·050%); skim-milk, 0·018% (0·014–0·023%); buttermilk, 0·156% (0·103–0·191%); butter, 0·133% (0·099–0·181%). The average result for percentage of total phospholipid in the fat of the raw creams examined was 0·44% (0·38–0·51%); and in the fat of the pasteurized creams 0·41% (0·35–0·49%). Average weighted results for total phospholipid and for lecithin, cephalin and sphingomyelin contents of butter were 0·139, 0·041, 0·051 and 0·047% respectively.

Effects of centrifugation, storage, and contamination of amniotic fluid on its total phospholipid content.

1980 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
E J van Voorst tot Voorst
Keyword(s):  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Centrifugal Force ◽  
Total Phospholipid ◽  
Phospholipid Content ◽  
Supernatant Fluid ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Relative Centrifugal Force ◽  
Total Phospholipid Content

Abstract The total phospholipid content of the supernatant fluid decreases rapidly with increasing relative centrifugal force when amniotic fluid is centrifuged. Possible explanations for this are discussed. The effect of storage on the total phospholipid content of amniotic fluid at different temperatures and the influence of contamination with blood and meconium are also described.

Thyroid hormones, malnutrition, and biochemical composition of developing rat lung

1982 ◽  
Vol 242 (6) ◽  
pp. E378-E383 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ruel ◽  
P. Coulombe ◽  
J. H. Dussault
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Adult Animal ◽  
Total Phospholipid ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Phospholipid Content ◽  
Rat Lung ◽  
Neonatal Hypothyroidism ◽  
Total Phospholipid Content ◽  
Developing Rat

We studied the effects of thyroid hormones and malnutrition on protein, DNA, and phospholipid content of the developing rat lung during the first month of life. Neonatal hypothyroidism significantly decreases the lung phospholipid content by 30-45% between 5 and 30 days of age whether the results are expressed per milligram DNA or per gram tissue. Administration of thyroxine for 3 days to hypothyroid rats increases significantly (20%) their total phospholipid content, mainly through its preferential effect on phosphatidylcholine (50% increase). Adult animal response to thyroid hormones is markedly different from that observed in young rats for most parameters examined. In malnourished rats, lung tissue phospholipids are decreased per cell but not per unit cell mass after 11 days of age. These results show that hypothyroidism has a specific effect on lung phospholipids during the neonatal period.

scholarly journals Phosphoinositide-Dependent Signaling in Cancer: A Focus on Phospholipase C Isozymes

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 2581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Owusu Obeng ◽  
Isabella Rusciano ◽  
Maria Vittoria Marvi ◽  
Antonietta Fazio ◽  
Stefano Ratti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phospholipase C ◽  
Total Phospholipid ◽  
Second Messengers ◽  
Phospholipid Content ◽  
Minor Portion ◽  
Total Phospholipid Content ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
Regulate Protein ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Pkc Activation

Phosphoinositides (PI) form just a minor portion of the total phospholipid content in cells but are significantly involved in cancer development and progression. In several cancer types, phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate [PtdIns(3,4,5)P3] and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PtdIns(4,5)P2] play significant roles in regulating survival, proliferation, invasion, and growth of cancer cells. Phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PLC) catalyze the generation of the essential second messengers diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate (InsP3) by hydrolyzing PtdIns(4,5)P2. DAG and InsP3 regulate Protein Kinase C (PKC) activation and the release of calcium ions (Ca2+) into the cytosol, respectively. This event leads to the control of several important biological processes implicated in cancer. PLCs have been extensively studied in cancer but their regulatory roles in the oncogenic process are not fully understood. This review aims to provide up-to-date knowledge on the involvement of PLCs in cancer. We focus specifically on PLCβ, PLCγ, PLCδ, and PLCε isoforms due to the numerous evidence of their involvement in various cancer types.

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