scholarly journals Production of interleukin 10 by islet cells accelerates immune-mediated destruction of beta cells in nonobese diabetic mice.

1994 ◽  
Vol 179 (4) ◽  
pp. 1379-1384 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Wogensen ◽  
M S Lee ◽  
N Sarvetnick
Keyword(s):  
Islet Cells ◽  
Autoimmune Diabetes ◽  
Nod Mice ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Diabetic Mouse ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Beta Cell Destruction ◽  
Nonobese Diabetic ◽  
Nonobese Diabetic Mice

The T helper type 2 (Th2) cell product interleukin 10 (IL-10) inhibits the proliferation and function of Th1 lymphocytes and macrophages (M phi). The nonobese diabetic mouse strain (NOD/Shi) develops a M phi and T cell-dependent autoimmune diabetes that closely resembles human insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). The objective of the present study was to explore the consequences of localized production of IL-10 on diabetes development in NOD/Shi mice. Surprisingly, local production of IL-10 accelerated the onset and increased the prevalence of diabetes, since diabetes developed at 5-10 wk of age in 92% of IL-10 positive I-A beta g7/g7, I-E- mice in first (N2) and second (N3) generation backcrosses between IL-10 transgenic BALB/c mice and (NOD/Shi) mice. None of the IL-10 negative major histocompatibility complex-identical littermates were diabetic at this age. Furthermore, diabetes developed in 33% of I-A beta g7/d, I-E+ N3 mice in the presence of IL-10 before the mice were 10 wk old. Our findings support the notion that IL-10 should not simply be regarded as an immunoinhibitory cytokine, since it possesses powerful, immunostimulatory properties as well. Furthermore, our observations suggest that beta cell destruction in NOD mice may be a Th2-mediated event.

scholarly journals T cell-mediated inhibition of the transfer of autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice.

1989 ◽  
Vol 169 (5) ◽  
pp. 1669-1680 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Boitard ◽  
R Yasunami ◽  
M Dardenne ◽  
J F Bach
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Autoimmune Diabetes ◽  
Nod Mice ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Nonobese Diabetic ◽  
Insulin Dependent ◽  
Onset Of Diabetes

The nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse has recently been introduced as a model for insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The role of regulatory T cells in the development of antipancreatic autoimmunity in this model remains unclear. To evaluate the presence of suppressive phenomena, we used disease transfer by spleen cells from diabetic NOD mice into preirradiated adult recipients as a model for accelerated disease. Suppressor phenomena were detected by testing the protection afforded by lymphoid cells from nondiabetic NOD mice against diabetes transfer in irradiated recipients. Transfer of diabetes was delayed by reconstituting recipients with spleen cells from nondiabetic NOD donors. The greatest protection against diabetes transfer was conferred by spleen cells from 8-wk-old nondiabetic female NOD mice. Depletion experiments showed that the protection was dependent on CD4+ cells. Protection was also detected within thymic cells from nondiabetic NOD mice and protection conferred by spleen cells was abrogated by thymectomy of nondiabetic female, but not male, NOD donors at 3 wk of age. These findings indicate that suppressive CD4+ T cells that are dependent on the presence of the thymus may delay the onset of diabetes in female diabetes-prone NOD mice.

scholarly journals Viruses as therapeutic agents. I. Treatment of nonobese insulin-dependent diabetes mice with virus prevents insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus while maintaining general immune competence.

1990 ◽  
Vol 171 (6) ◽  
pp. 2077-2089 ◽  
Author(s):  
M B Oldstone
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Autoimmune Diabetes ◽  
Nod Mice ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Lymphocytic Infiltration ◽  
Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Beta Cell Destruction ◽  
Insulin Dependent

A situation in which virus can be used as a therapeutic agent to prevent a lethal autoimmune disease is explored. Nonobese insulin-dependent diabetes (NOD) mice spontaneously develop insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), characterized by lymphocytic infiltration into the islets of Langerhans and beta cell destruction, resulting in hypoinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, ketoacidosis, and death. Infection of NOD mice with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) aborts the autoimmune manifestations and resultant IDDM. The viruses' effect is on a subset of CD4+ lymphocytes. Ablating this autoimmune diabetes does not significantly alter immune responses to a variety of non-LCMV antigens that require CD4+ lymphocyte participation. The prevention of IDDM associated with viral therapy is maintained throughout the life spans of NOD mice.

scholarly journals Reversal of Spontaneous Autoimmune Insulitis in Nonobese Diabetic Mice by Soluble Lymphotoxin Receptor

2001 ◽  
Vol 193 (11) ◽  
pp. 1327-1332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Wu ◽  
Benoît Salomon ◽  
Min Chen ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
Lisa M. Hoffman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Diabetes ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Nonobese Diabetic ◽  
Insulin Dependent ◽  
Nonobese Diabetic Mice

One striking feature of spontaneous autoimmune diabetes is the prototypic formation of lymphoid follicular structures within the pancreas. Lymphotoxin (LT) has been shown to play an important role in the formation of lymphoid follicles in the spleen. To explore the potential role of LT-mediated microenvironment in the pathogenesis of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), an LTβ receptor–immunoglobulin fusion protein (LTβR–Ig) was administered to nonobese diabetic mice. Early treatment with LTβR–Ig prevented insulitis and IDDM, suggesting that LT plays a critical role in the insulitis development. LTβR–Ig treatment at a late stage of the disease also dramatically reversed insulitis and prevented diabetes. Moreover, LTβR–Ig treatment prevented the development of IDDM by diabetogenic T cells in an adoptive transfer model. Thus, LTβR–Ig can disassemble the well established lymphoid microenvironment in the islets, which is required for the development and progression of IDDM.

scholarly journals Requirement of Fas for the Development of Autoimmune Diabetes in Nonobese Diabetic Mice

1997 ◽  
Vol 186 (4) ◽  
pp. 613-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoto Itoh ◽  
Akihisa Imagawa ◽  
Toshiaki Hanafusa ◽  
Masako Waguri ◽  
Koji Yamamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fas Ligand ◽  
Autoimmune Diabetes ◽  
Spontaneous Diabetes ◽  
Nod Mice ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Cell Destruction ◽  
Nonobese Diabetic

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is assumed to be a T cell–mediated autoimmune disease. To investigate the role of Fas-mediated cytotoxicity in pancreatic β cell destruction, we established nonobese diabetic (NOD)-lymphoproliferation (lpr)/lpr mice lacking Fas. Out of three genotypes, female NOD-+/+ and NOD-+/lpr developed spontaneous diabetes by the age of 10 mo with the incidence of 68 and 62%, respectively. In contrast, NOD-lpr/lpr did not develop diabetes or insulitis. To further explore the role of Fas, adoptive transfer experiments were performed. When splenocytes were transferred from diabetic NOD, male NOD-+/+ and NOD-+/lpr developed diabetes with the incidence of 89 and 83%, respectively, whereas NOD-lpr/lpr did not show glycosuria by 12 wk after transfer. Severe mononuclear cell infiltration was revealed in islets of NOD-+/+ and NOD-+/lpr, whereas islet morphology remained intact in NOD-lpr/lpr. These results suggest that Fas-mediated cytotoxicity is required to initiate β cell autoimmunity in NOD mice. Fas–Fas ligand system might be critical for autoimmune β cell destruction leading to IDDM.

scholarly journals Cd1-Restricted Nk T Cells Protect Nonobese Diabetic Mice from Developing Diabetes

2001 ◽  
Vol 194 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Wang ◽  
Yan-Biao Geng ◽  
Chyung-Ru Wang
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Autoimmune Diabetes ◽  
Nod Mice ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Nonobese Diabetic ◽  
Nk T Cells

NK T cells are a unique subset of T cells that recognize lipid antigens presented by CD1d. After activation, NK T cells promptly produce large amounts of cytokines, which may modulate the upcoming immune responses. Previous studies have documented an association between decreased numbers of NK T cells and the progression of some autoimmune diseases, suggesting that NK T cells may control the development of autoimmune diseases. To investigate the role of NK T cells in autoimmune diabetes, we crossed CD1 knockout (CD1KO) mutation onto the nonobese diabetic (NOD) genetic background. We found that male CD1KO NOD mice exhibited significantly higher incidence and earlier onset of diabetes compared with the heterozygous controls. The diabetic frequencies in female mice showed a similar pattern; however, the differences were less profound between female CD1KO and control mice. Early treatment of NOD mice with α-galactosylceramide, a potent NK T cell activator, reduced the severity of autoimmune diabetes in a CD1-dependent manner. Our results not only suggest a protective role of CD1-restricted NK T cells in autoimmune diabetes but also reveal a causative link between the deficiency of NK T cells and the induction of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Differential effects of anti-B7-1 and anti-B7-2 monoclonal antibody treatment on the development of diabetes in the nonobese diabetic mouse.

1995 ◽  
Vol 181 (3) ◽  
pp. 1145-1155 ◽  
Author(s):  
D J Lenschow ◽  
S C Ho ◽  
H Sattar ◽  
L Rhee ◽  
G Gray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Autoimmune Diabetes ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Nod Mice ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Antibody Treatment ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Nonobese Diabetic ◽  
Costimulatory Signals

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is thought to be an immunologically mediated disease resulting in the complete destruction of the insulin-producing islets of Langerhans. It has become increasingly clear that autoreactive T cells play a major role in the development and progression of this disease. In this study, we examined the role of the CD28/B7 costimulation pathway in the development and progression of autoimmune diabetes in the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse model. Female NOD mice treated at the onset of insulitis (2-4 wk of age) with CTLA4Ig immunoglobulin (Ig) (a soluble CD28 antagonist) or a monoclonal antibody (mAb) specific for B7-2 (a CD28 ligand) did not develop diabetes. However, neither of these treatments altered the disease process when administered late, at > 10 wk of age. Histological examination of islets from the various treatment groups showed that while CTLA4Ig and anti-B7-2 mAb treatment blocked the development of diabetes, these reagents had little effect on the development or severity of insulitis. Together these results suggest that blockade of costimulatory signals by CTLA4Ig or anti-B7-2 acts early in disease development, after insulitis but before the onset of frank diabetes. NOD mice were also treated with mAbs to another CD28 ligand, B7-1. In contrast to the previous results, the anti-B7-1 treatment significantly accelerated the development of disease in female mice and, most interestingly, induced diabetes in normally resistant male mice. A combination of anti-B7-1 and anti-B7-2 mAbs also resulted in an accelerated onset of diabetes, similar to that observed with anti-B7-1 mAb treatment alone, suggesting that anti-B7-1 mAb's effect was dominant. Furthermore, treatment with anti-B7-1 mAbs resulted in a more rapid and severe infiltrate. Finally, T cells isolated from the pancreas of these anti-B7-1-treated animals exhibited a more activated phenotype than T cells isolated from any of the other treatment groups. These studies demonstrate that costimulatory signals play an important role in the autoimmune process, and that different members of the B7 family have distinct regulatory functions during the development of autoimmune diabetes.

scholarly journals Local expression of transgene encoded TNF alpha in islets prevents autoimmune diabetes in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice by preventing the development of auto-reactive islet-specific T cells.

1996 ◽  
Vol 184 (5) ◽  
pp. 1963-1974 ◽  
Author(s):  
I S Grewal ◽  
K D Grewal ◽  
F S Wong ◽  
D E Picarella ◽  
C A Janeway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Autoimmune Diabetes ◽  
Nod Mice ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Tnf Alpha ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Nonobese Diabetic ◽  
Splenic Cells ◽  
Local Expression

Lately, TNF alpha has been the focus of studies of autoimmunity; its role in the progression of autoimmune diabetes is, however, still unclear. To analyze the effects of TNF alpha in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), we have generated nonobese diabetic (NOD) transgenic mice expressing TNF alpha under the control of the rat insulin II promoter (RIP). In transgenic mice, TNF alpha expression on the islets resulted in massive insulitis, composed of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and B cells. Despite infiltration of considerable number of lymphoid cells in islets, expression of TNF alpha protected NOD mice from IDDM. To determine the mechanism of TNF alpha action, splenic cells from control NOD and RIP-TNF alpha mice were adoptively transferred to NOD-SCID recipients. In contrast to the induction of diabetes by splenic cells from control NOD mice, splenic cells from RIP-TNF alpha transgenic mice did not induce diabetes in NOD-SCID recipients. Diabetes was induced however, in the RIP-TNF alpha transgenic mice when CD8+ diabetogenic cloned T cells or splenic cells from diabetic NOD mice were adoptively transferred to these mice. Furthermore, expression of TNF alpha in islets also downregulated splenic cell responses to autoantigens. These data establish a mechanism of TNF alpha action and provide evidence that local expression of TNF alpha protects NOD mice from autoimmune diabetes by preventing the development of autoreactive islet-specific T cells.

scholarly journals B lymphocytes are essential for the initiation of T cell-mediated autoimmune diabetes: analysis of a new "speed congenic" stock of NOD.Ig mu null mice.

1996 ◽  
Vol 184 (5) ◽  
pp. 2049-2053 ◽  
Author(s):  
D V Serreze ◽  
H D Chapman ◽  
D S Varnum ◽  
M S Hanson ◽  
P C Reifsnyder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Pancreatic Beta Cells ◽  
B Lymphocyte ◽  
Autoimmune Diabetes ◽  
Nod Mice ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Normal Numbers ◽  
Initial Development

The T lymphocytes mediating autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells in the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse model of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) may be generated due to functional defects in hematopoietically derived antigen-presenting cells (APC). However, it has not been clear which particular subpopulations of APC (B lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells) contribute to the development and activation of diabetogenic T cells in NOD mice. In the current study we utilized a functionally inactivated immunoglobulin (Ig) mu allele (Ig mu null) to generate a "speed congenic" stock of B lymphocyte-deficient NOD mice that are fixed for linkage markers delineating previously identified diabetes susceptibility (Idd) genes. These B lymphocyte NOD.Ig mu null mice had normal numbers of T cells but were free of overt IDDM and insulitis resistant, while the frequency of disease in the B lymphocyte intact segregants was equivalent to that of standard NOD mice in our colony. Thus, B lymphocytes play a heretofore unrecognized role that is essential for the initial development and/or activation of beta cell autoreactive T cells in NOD mice.

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