scholarly journals THE COMPLEMENT FIXATION REACTION AS APPLIED TO LEPROSY

1923 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Lewis ◽  
Joseph D. Aronson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Diagnostic Significance ◽  
Antibody Absorption ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Fixation Reaction ◽  
Fast Group

By means of a method differing in important details from those of previous investigators it has been determined that the blood serum of cases of leprosy exhibits the ability to fix complement with a wide variety of antigens including to a greater or less extent those derived from any culture of the acid-fast group of bacteria available to us. This property of multiple fixation may sufficiently characterize the disease to be of diagnostic significance, although our experience is hardly sufficient to enable us to speak with complete assurance on this point. Certainly, control sera from normal individuals, from cases of tuberculosis, or from cases of syphilis as obtained in our locality have entirely failed to react with certain antigens, whereas serum from cases of leprosy have so reacted to the extent of over 93 per cent. The most characteristic fixation given by the leprosy sera is that with Bacillus lepræ (Clegg) used as antigen, either in the form of a bacterial emulsion or of an alcoholic extract of the dried culture. Antibody absorption may be demonstrated in the acid-fast group if the absorbing bacteria are removed by filtration. Otherwise the resulting fluid is strongly anticomplementary. Leper serum is not deprived of the complement-fixing body when so treated with either Bacillus tuberculosis or Bacillus lepræ (Clegg).

The Bilharzia Complement Fixation Reaction in Goats infected with Schistosoma mattheei and Schistosoma bovis

1933 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 181-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Hamilton Fairley
Keyword(s):  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Schistosoma Bovis ◽  
Fixation Reaction ◽  
Positive Results

1. The sera of 18 goats were investigated for the bilharzia complement fixation reaction, using as antigen alcoholic extract of the livers of snails (Planorbis exustus) infected with cercariae of S. spindale.2. The sera of 5 out of 7 goats harbouring S. mattheei, and of 4 out of 4 goats exposed to alimentary infection with S. bovis yielded positive results, the range of complement fixation varying from 5 to 20 M.H.D.'s.3. The sera of non-infected goats and of 3 goats exposed to infection with cercariae of S. mansoni from which these animals appear naturally immune, yielded negative reactions.4. The complement fixation reaction with cercarial antigen (S. spindale) has now been applied to infestation with 3 human and 4 cattle schistosomes, and its group applicability to mammalian schistosomiasis may be regarded as proven.

scholarly journals Observations on the Immune-Body Content of the Blood Serum in Pulmonary Tuberculosis, as determined by Means of the Complement Fixation Reaction

1914 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. O. Meek
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Sustained Improvement ◽  
Fixation Reaction ◽  
Definite Manner ◽  
Fever Attacks

The object of this portion of the investigation was to determine(a) Whether the amount of immune-body present in the sera of cases of pulmonary tuberculosis, bore any constant relation to the stage of the disease and the condition of the patient.(b) Whether well-marked clinical phenomena, e.g. periods of fever, attacks of pleurisy etc., were associated in any definite manner with variations in the amount of immune-body in the serum.(c) Whether gradual definite and sustained improvement or deterioration in a patient's condition was accompanied by increase or decrease of the specific immune-body in the serum.

The Complement Fixation Reaction in Schistosoma japonicum with Cercarial Antigen prepared from Oncomelania hupensis

1935 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-40
Author(s):  
Mary N. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Japonicum ◽  
Positive Reaction ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Clonorchis Sinensis ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Oncomelania Hupensis ◽  
Weak Reaction ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Fixation Reaction

1. The preparation of a cercarial antigen from infected livers of Oncomelania hupensis the intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum in China is described.2. The sera of 49 human beings and five dogs have been investigated for the Schistosome complement fixation reaction, using as antigens Bilharzial cercarial antigen, and an alcoholic extract of the livers of Oncomelania hupensis infected with cercariae of S. japonicum.3. Thirty-seven of the 49 sera examined were from cases of Schistosomiasis, and of these 24 gave a positive complement fixation reaction, and 2 others a weak reaction.4. Of the five dogs examined three were infected with Schistosoma japonicum. These gave positive reactions.5. In 24 cases both antigens were used, and the results obtained were almost identical.6. The Bilharzial antigen was used in 33 cases including 25 cases of Schistosomiasis, of which 19 gave a positive reaction.7. In 40 cases the Oncomelania antigen was used. This series included 32 cases of Schistosomiasis of which 23 gave a positive reaction and 3 a weak positive reaction.8. Negative results were obtained with 50 strongly positive Wasserman sera, and with 2 cases of infection with Fasciolopsis buski, and two cases of Clonorchis sinensis. Ascaris and hookworm infestations also gave negative results.

scholarly journals STUDIES ON COMPLEMENT FIXATION IN TUBERCULOSIS. III

1927 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 701-726
Author(s):  
Paul A. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Ethyl Alcohol ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Alcoholic Solution ◽  
Precipitation Reaction ◽  
Tubercle Bacillus ◽  
High Dilution ◽  
Fixation Reaction

The prolonged extraction of the tubercle bacillus with boiling ethyl alcohol, followed by one or more reprecipitations by chilling the hot alcoholic solution, easily yields a preparation very active as antigen in the complement fixation reaction. This preparation gives a precipitation reaction with high dilution of the normal blood serum of a number of species. The precipitation reaction presents as a peculiar feature a very long pro-zone and is further dependent on a preceding heat treatment of the serum for its demonstration. Occurring as a reaction of normal serum, the reaction is apparently not influenced by immunization sufficient to develop moderate specific complement fixation reactions.

scholarly journals On antibody level to brain galactoc erebrosides in blood serum in healthy children of early age and women

1998 ◽  
Vol XXX (1-2) ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
V. I. Guzeva ◽  
N. Р. Taranova ◽  
I. В. Mikhailov
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Antibody Level ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Brain Cells ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
Fixation Reaction ◽  
First Time

The results of autoantibodies determination to glycolipid antigens of brain cells - galactocerebrosides in blood serum of healthy neonates and their mothers, healthy children up to three y.o. and healthy women are presented. The results were obtained with the help of micromodification of complement fixation reaction. It was determind that in healthy women at intergeneric period these antibodies are absent or are present in vestige quantities. For the first time presence of counter - galactocerebroside antibodies was determined in neonates and their mothers in high titers up to 1:512. It was also established, that counter - galactocerebroside antibodies circulate in healthy neonates blood for not less than 3 months, then their level begins to descrease, and in 5-12 months it approximates to the adults norm border.

scholarly journals Complement deviation in mouse carcinoma

1911 ◽  
Vol 83 (565) ◽  
pp. 359-373
Keyword(s):  
Characteristic Feature ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Immune Serum ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Dead Material ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Made In

A characteristic feature of malignant growths is the occurrence of degeneration, usually in the more central portions of the growth. It is therefore possible that antibodies might make their appearance in the blood plasma in respect of the dead material thus set free. The presence of such antibodies could be sought for in several ways, for example, by observing if any of the insoluble constituents of the tumour could be agglutinated or caused to dissolve, or any of the soluble constituents obtainable from the growth could be precipitated, by the blood serum of the hose. There is, however, another way of testing for the production of such antibodies, namely, by observing if the serum when mixed with the tumour, or with a watery or alcoholic extract of the tumour, can fix complement. In this case the method followed is an application of the observation of Bordet, that an immune serum contains a thermostable substance (amboceptor or immune body), which when mixed with the antigen which has been employed to determine its production is capable of absorbing complement. So far as I can ascertain from a search of the literature of complement deviation, no investigation on these lines has, up to the present, been made in connection with malignant growths. It was therefore, decided to test for the presence of antibodies in respect of malignant growths, using in the first instance the method of complement fixation. For the purpose of investigation carcinoma of the mouse appeared exceedingly suitable, since it affords a condition which is readily producible and represents a single pathological entity, the same strain of tumour being inoculable from animal so long as may be desired. Only under such circumstances is it possible to make a comparative series of observations under conditions of experiment which are throughout identical in respect of the tumour employed.

Complement fixation reaction of Rift Valley fever virus

1950 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 243-247
Author(s):  
Minoru MATSUMOTO ◽  
Saburo IWASA ◽  
Motosige ENDO
Keyword(s):  
Rift Valley ◽  
Rift Valley Fever ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Rift Valley Fever Virus ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
Fixation Reaction

scholarly journals A NATURAL ANTIBODY THAT REACTS IN VITRO WITH A SEDIMENTABLE CONSTITUENT OF NORMAL TISSUE CELLS

1942 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 543-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G. Kidd ◽  
William F. Friedewald
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Normal Tissue ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Natural Antibody ◽  
Normal Adult ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Tissue Cells ◽  
Rabbit Tissues

The foregoing experiments have shown that complement fixation takes place when the blood serum of normal adult rabbits is mixed with fresh saline extracts of normal rabbit tissues under controlled conditions. A natural antibody, which reacts in vitro with a sedimentable constituent of normal tissue cells, is responsible for the phenomenon.

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