THE RELATION OF MONOCYTES AND CLASMATOCYTES TO EARLY INFECTION IN RABBITS WITH BOVINE TUBERCLE BACILLI

1. The early reaction to intravenous tubercular infection in the various organs of the rabbit reveals a pathognomonic response in the lungs within 24 hours; the specific response in the liver, spleen, lymph glands, and bone marrow, follows from the 6th to the 14th days. 2. The development and extent of the pathologic process has been analyzed in terms of the activity of monocytes and clasmatocytes. 3. The criteria for differentiating these mononuclear phagocytic cells into two strains have been analyzed and the technics discussed. 4. The clasmatocyte phagocytizes tubercle bacilli freely and fragments them, as it does all cellular and other debris. 5. The monocyte stimulated to metamorphose into the typical epithelioid and giant cell of the Langhans type retains the tubercle bacilli intact, with power to survive and multiply, over long periods of time. 6. The normal number of monocytes or the degree to which monoblasts may be stimulated to development and maturation, together with the activity of the clasmatocytes in destroying bacilli, in any particular region, would appear to be a function of the rapidity and extent of the local tubercular involvement.

Download Full-text

LOCAL PROGRESSION WITH SPONTANEOUS REGRESSION OF TUBERCULOSIS IN THE BONE MARROW OF RABBITS, CORRELATED WITH A TRANSITORY ANEMIA AND LEUCOPENIA AFTER INTRAVENOUS INOCULATION

Journal of Experimental Medicine ◽

10.1084/jem.46.2.315 ◽

1927 ◽

Vol 46 (2) ◽

pp. 315-341 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Charles A. Doan ◽

Florence R. Sabin

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Peripheral Blood ◽

Red Cells ◽

Epithelioid Cells ◽

Lymph Glands ◽

Normal Number ◽

Local Progression ◽

Splenic Tumor ◽

Small Tubercle ◽

Normal Ratio

In this series of rabbits it was found that the rabbits dying during the 1st month after an injection of I or 2 mg. of bovine tubercle bacilli show the same conditions: extreme tuberculosis of the lungs, acute splenic tumor with tuberculosis, involvement of the lymph glands, an occasional small tubercle in the liver and extensive tuberculosis of the bone marrow. The peripheral blood has shown a sharp fall in the platelet count, an anemia and a fall in the granulocytic strain of white cells, and these changes have been correlated with the condition of the bone marrow. There has also been a rise in monocytes and a fall in lymphocytes, to a reversal of the normal ratio. When the rabbits have survived the first acute phase of the disease longer than 3 to 4 weeks, there have been signs in the peripheral blood of a recovery of the bone marrow; the first indication of this has been an increase in platelets, then a rise in hemoglobin followed in 1 or 2 days by a rise in red cells and later a return of the three strains of granulocytes. The bone marrow has shown a rapid spontaneous disintegration of the epithelioid cells correlated with the appearance of increased evidence of acid-fast debris in clasmatocytes, especially clear in those that lie along the vessels. The animals that have survived into the 3rd month have all shown a hyperplastic phase of the healing marrow, both the red cells and all types of the granulocytes appearing in the peripheral blood in numbers above the normal. The epithelioid cells originally containing many bacilli all disappear from the marrow and the only sign left, possibly suggestive of the tuberculosis, is the acid-fast granules in the clasmatocytes. Finally, the marrow becomes entirely normal, giving the normal number of red cells and granulocytes to the blood. Thus, bone marrow in the rabbit has become involved in every instance with the injection of massive doses of viable bacilli. The findings at autopsy in those animals followed during the early reaction to infection confirm this directly and, since the curves of the cells in the peripheral blood of the more chronic animals were the same during the early stages of the disease as in those that died, the same conclusion seems justified from indirect inference for them. The method of healing has been a rapid disintegration of the epithelioid cells without caseation. The bone marrow heals itself entirely regardless of the progress of the disease elsewhere, so that one sees the remarkable condition of an animal recovering from the anemia and leucopenia while dying of tuberculosis elsewhere. The spleen also shows a tendency toward spontaneous healing. In the animals that have lived beyond 100 days there has been some gradual lessening of the diffuse distribution and extent of pulmonary lesions with the development of cavitation together with a marked involvement of the kidneys and lesions in the eyes.

Download Full-text

Haemolytic anaemia in rhesus monkeys induced by methylcellulose

Laboratory Animals ◽

10.1258/002367782780935968 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 310-313 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Chester A. Glomski ◽

Chung-Faye Chao ◽

Gary B. Zuckerman

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Rhesus Monkey ◽

Haemolytic Anaemia ◽

Rhesus Monkeys ◽

Adrenal Glands ◽

Specific Response ◽

Histological Response ◽

Phagocytic Cells ◽

Glomerular Endothelium ◽

Species Specific

The rhesus monkey was evaluated in its haemopoietic and histological response to intraperitoneal injections of methylcellulose. The haematologic alterations included a mild haemolytic anaemia, lymphofaenia, monocytosis, a shortened survival of Cr51-labelled autologous erythrocytes (17·1 vs 13·3 days, P<0·025) and normoblastic hyperplasia of the bone marrow. There was a diffuse sequestration of the polymer in the phagocytic cells of the spleen, liver, bone marrow, lymph nodes and adrenal glands. The renal glomerular endothelium also consistently stored this material. Overt splenomegaly was not induced. The monkey appears to present, along with other animals, a rather species-specific response to methylcellulose that is accompanied by fundamental responses observable in all subjects.

Download Full-text

Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor of the Pes Anserine Bursa with Bone Marrow Extension into the Tibia: A Case Report

Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology ◽

10.3348/jksr.2016.75.4.322 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 75 (4) ◽

pp. 322 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Soo Jung Kim ◽

Yong-Koo Kang ◽

Chang Young Yoo ◽

Jee Young Kim

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Case Report ◽

Giant Cell Tumor ◽

Giant Cell ◽

Cell Tumor ◽

Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor

Download Full-text

Hematologic and Bone Marrow Changes after Short- and Long-term Administration of Two Recombinant Bovine Granulocyte Colony-stimulating Factors

Veterinary Pathology ◽

10.1177/030098589202900606 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 29 (6) ◽

pp. 521-527 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

J. S. Cullor ◽

W. Smith ◽

J. G. Zinkl ◽

J. D. Dellinger ◽

T. Boone

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Specific Response ◽

Short Term ◽

Term Study ◽

Colony Stimulating Factors ◽

Long Term Study ◽

Short Term Study ◽

Term Administration ◽

A Cell

Colony-stimulating factors are a category of glycoproteins that are instrumental in the regulation of hematopoiesis and inflammation. This investigation documented the clinical bone marrow and peripheral blood responses to short-term and long-term administration of a recombinant bovine granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rb-GCSF) and an analog, where the cysteine at position 17 was substituted with a serine (rb-GCSF ser17). The colony-stimulating factors produced the expected changes in the hematologic findings of the bovine subjects in the study, and there was a cell-specific response to the compounds. The sustained neutrophilia in the long-term study indicates that the bovine species can tolerate the administration of recombinant forms of bovine GCSF for extended periods of time without detectable adverse side effects. The neutrophils from the short-term study revealed no apparent fluctuation, either as enhanced or reduced capability to reduce nitro blue tetrazolium as compared to pretreatment neutrophils. The administration of both recombinant forms of GCSF produced large increases in the bone marrow myeloid: erythroid (M:E) ratio concomitantly with the neutrophilias. This is the first preliminary report documenting the bone marrow response of cattle to the native and recombinant (rb-GCSF ser17) forms of bovine GCSF.

Download Full-text

The case of fibrous osteodystrophy (Recklinghausen disease)

Kazan medical journal ◽

10.17816/kazmj56627 ◽

1937 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 91-95

Author(s):

N. A. Serebrennikov

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Connective Tissue ◽

Giant Cell ◽

Bone Tissue ◽

Fibrous Connective Tissue ◽

Cell Tissue ◽

Recklinghausen Disease

In 1891, Recklinghausen first accurately described fibrous osteodystrophy, putting forward five main provisions that determine the essence of this disease: 1) replacement of cellular and adipose bone marrow with fibrous connective tissue; 2) resorption of bone tissue by lacunar suction; 3) metaplastic and partially osteoblastic neoplasm of osteoid and bone tissue; 4) tumor-like growths of fibrous and giant cell tissue, such as epulids, resembling giant cell sarcomas with a brown tint due to the presence of hemosiderin in the growths - "Braune tumoren" - by German authors.

Download Full-text

Pattern of Uptake of Americium-241 by the Rat Skeleton and its Subsequent Redistribution and Retention: Implications for Human Dosimetry and Toxicology

Human Toxicology ◽

10.1177/096032718300200109 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 101-120 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

N.D. Priest ◽

G. Howells ◽

D. Green ◽

J.W. Haines

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Bone Resorption ◽

Cortical Bone ◽

Female Rat ◽

Half Time ◽

Bone Surface ◽

Similar Model ◽

Phagocytic Cells ◽

Biological Half Time

The distribution and retention of intravenously injected 241Am in the skeleton of the female rat has been investigated using autoradiographic and radiochemical techniques. The studies were designed to assess the dosimetric and toxicologic implications of an 241Am intake by man. They showed that in the rat approximately one third of the intravenously injected 241Am was deposited in the skeleton where it appeared to be retained with a long biological half-time. The studies also showed: 1241Am is initially deposited onto all types of bone surface including endosteal surfaces, periosteal surfaces and those of the vascular canals within cortical bone, but seems to be preferentially deposited onto those that are resorbing, 2 Bone accretion results in the burial of surface deposits of 241Am, 3 Bone resorption causes the removal of 241 Am from surfaces, 4 Resorbed 241Am is retained by phagocytic cells (probably macrophages) in the bone marrow, 5 The transfer of 241Am from the phagocytic cells in the marrow to adjacent bone surfaces seems to occur, (local recycling). 6 The possibility that some of the 241Am removed from the bone surfaces enters the blood and is redeposited in bone, (systemic recycling) cannot be dismissed These results show that 241Am deposition and redistribution in bone shares many characteristics with other 'bone surface-seeking radionuclides' typified by 239Pu. Consequently, it is suggested that a similar model to that used to calculate annual limits of intake for 239Pu in man would be suitable for the calculation of corresponding values for the 241Am isotopes.

Download Full-text

Distribution of cells bearing receptors for a colony-stimulating factor (CSF-1) in murine tissues.

The Journal of Cell Biology ◽

10.1083/jcb.91.3.848 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 91 (3) ◽

pp. 848-853 ◽

Cited By ~ 154

Author(s):

P V Byrne ◽

L J Guilbert ◽

E R Stanley

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Binding Sites ◽

Mononuclear Cells ◽

Bone Marrow Cells ◽

Mononuclear Phagocytes ◽

Small Cells ◽

Phagocytic Cells ◽

Alveolar Cells ◽

Peritoneal Cells ◽

Blood Mononuclear Cells

CSF-1 is a subclass of the colony-stimulating factors that specifically stimulates the growth of mononuclear phagocytes. We used the binding of 125I-CSF-1 at 0 degrees C by single cell suspensions from various murine tissues, in conjunction with radioautography, to determine the frequency of binding cells, their identity, and the number of binding sites per binding cell. For all tissues examined, saturation of binding sites was achieved within 2 h at 2--3 x 10(-10) M 125I-CSF-1. The binding was irreversible and almost completely blocked by a 2 h preincubation with 5 x 10(-10) M CSF-1. 125I-CSF-1 binding was exhibited by 4.3% of bone marrow cells, 7.5% of blood mononuclear cells, 2.4% of spleen cells, 20.5% of peritoneal cells, 11.8% of pulmonary alveolar cells and 0.4% of lymph node cells. Four morphologically distinguishable cell types bound 125I-CSF-1: blast cells; mononuclear cells with a ratio of nuclear to cytoplasmic area (N/C) greater than 1; cells with indented nuclei; and mononuclear cells with N/C less than or equal to 1. No CSF-1 binding cells were detected among blood granulocytes or thymus cells. Bone marrow promyelocytes, myelocytes, neutrophilic granulocytes, eosinophilic granulocytes, nucleated erythroid cells, enucleated erythrocytes, and megakaryocytes also failed to bind. The frequency distribution of grain counts per cell for blood mononuclear cells was homogenous. In contrast, those for bone marrow, spleen, alveolar, and peritoneal cells were heterogeneous. The monocytes in blood or bone marrow (small cells, with either indented nuclei or with N/C greater than 1) were relatively uniformly labeled, possessing approximately 3,000 binding sites per cell. Larger binding cells (e.g., alveolar cells) may possess higher numbers of receptors. It is concluded that CSF-1 binding is restricted to mononuclear phagocytic cells and their precursors and that it can be used to identify both mature and immature cells of this series.

Download Full-text