scholarly journals THE ANEMIA OF SCURVY

1932 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 971-979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacy R. Mettier ◽  
William B. Chew
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Orange Juice ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Mitotic Figures

1. Weight loss, progressive anemia, and a moderate increase in reticulated red blood cells occurred in seventeen guinea pigs on a diet deficient in vitamin C. 2. The histological changes of the bone marrow removed from guinea pigs with scurvy showed large numbers of erythrogenic cells, but scant evidence of active maturation to the adult erythrocyte. 3. A reticulocyte response was induced in guinea pigs with scurvy when fed orange juice daily. 4. The histological changes of the bone marrow removed from guinea pigs during the reticulocyte response showed large numbers of mitotic figures and relatively more adult red blood cells than in the bone marrow from guinea pigs with scurvy that had not been treated with orange juice. 5. It is concluded from this study that the anemia of experimentally induced scurvy in the guinea pig is largely dependent upon vitamin C deficiency resulting in retarded maturation of the red blood cell.

scholarly journals Evaluation of erythropoiesis in long-term hamster bone marrow suspension cultures: absence of a requirement for adherent monolayer cells

Blood ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 999-1006
Author(s):  
CE Eastment ◽  
FW Ruscetti
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Adherent Cell ◽  
Erythroid Progenitors ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Bone Marrow Cultures ◽  
Vitro Model

In long-term hamster bone marrow cultures, proliferation and differentiation of hemopoietic stem cells occurs for several months without need for hydrocortisone or adherent stromal elements, which are requirements for bone marrow growth in all other species studied. Only the most primitive erythroid progenitors (BFU-E) are produced in the cultures. Following treatment of the cells with erythropoietin, these progenitor cells undergo differentiation into mature hemoglobinized red blood cells. Concomitant addition of erythropoietin (Epo) and prostaglandin-E1 (PGE1) results in the production of large numbers of maturing red blood cells. In cultures stimulated with Epo and PGE1, as many as 70% of the cells are benzidine-positive, while Epo alone stimulated as many as 45% of the cells to become erythroid. Epo and PGE1 do not have any apparent deleterious effect on the continuous hemopoiesis occurring in these cultures. Under identical conditions, syngeneic adherent cell cultures do not produce any erythroid elements. The development of mature red blood cells from primitive erythroid precursors occurs in the presence of Epo alone and without any apparent need for adherent stromal elements. These cultures provide a useful in vitro model for dissecting the positive and negative signals that regulate erythropoiesis.

scholarly journals Evaluation of erythropoiesis in long-term hamster bone marrow suspension cultures: absence of a requirement for adherent monolayer cells

Blood ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 999-1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
CE Eastment ◽  
FW Ruscetti
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Adherent Cell ◽  
Erythroid Progenitors ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Bone Marrow Cultures ◽  
Vitro Model

Abstract In long-term hamster bone marrow cultures, proliferation and differentiation of hemopoietic stem cells occurs for several months without need for hydrocortisone or adherent stromal elements, which are requirements for bone marrow growth in all other species studied. Only the most primitive erythroid progenitors (BFU-E) are produced in the cultures. Following treatment of the cells with erythropoietin, these progenitor cells undergo differentiation into mature hemoglobinized red blood cells. Concomitant addition of erythropoietin (Epo) and prostaglandin-E1 (PGE1) results in the production of large numbers of maturing red blood cells. In cultures stimulated with Epo and PGE1, as many as 70% of the cells are benzidine-positive, while Epo alone stimulated as many as 45% of the cells to become erythroid. Epo and PGE1 do not have any apparent deleterious effect on the continuous hemopoiesis occurring in these cultures. Under identical conditions, syngeneic adherent cell cultures do not produce any erythroid elements. The development of mature red blood cells from primitive erythroid precursors occurs in the presence of Epo alone and without any apparent need for adherent stromal elements. These cultures provide a useful in vitro model for dissecting the positive and negative signals that regulate erythropoiesis.

Densitometric Identification of Primitive Erythroblasts After Reaction With Diaminobenzidine

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 328-329
Author(s):  
John A. Trotter
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Visual Examination ◽  
Hemoglobin Synthesis ◽  
Peroxidatic Activity ◽  
Small Density

Hemoglobin is the specific protein of red blood cells. Those cells in which hemoglobin synthesis is initiated are the earliest cells that can presently be considered to be committed to erythropoiesis. In order to identify such early cells electron microscopically, we have made use of the peroxidatic activity of hemoglobin by reacting the marrow of erythropoietically stimulated guinea pigs with diaminobenzidine (DAB). The reaction product appeared as a diffuse and amorphous electron opacity throughout the cytoplasm of reactive cells. The detection of small density increases of such a diffuse nature required an analytical method more sensitive and reliable than the visual examination of micrographs. A procedure was therefore devised for the evaluation of micrographs (negatives) with a densitometer (Weston Photographic Analyzer).

The Ullrastructure of Platelet Participation in Hemostasis

1965 ◽  
Vol 13 (01) ◽  
pp. 065-083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirley A. Johnson ◽  
Ronaldo S. Balboa ◽  
Harlan J. Pederson ◽  
Monica Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Platelet Factor ◽  
Mesenteric Vessels ◽  
Platelet Aggregates ◽  
Electron Lucent

SummaryThe ultrastructure of platelet aggregation in vivo in response to bleeding brought about by transection of small mesenteric vessels in rats and guinea pigs has been studied. Platelets aggregate, degranulate and separating membranes disappear in parallel with fibrin appearance which is first seen at several loci after 30 seconds of bleeding. About 40 per cent of the electron opaque granules, some of which contain platelet factor 3 have disappeared after one minute of bleeding while the electron lucent granules increase by 70 per cent suggesting that some of them may be empty vesicles. Most of the platelet aggregates of the random type disappear leaving clumped red blood cells entrapped by a network of fibrin fibers which emanate from the remains of platelet aggregates of the rosette type to maintain hemostasis.

Normalized levels of red blood cells expressing phosphatidylserine, their microparticles, and activated platelets in young patients with β-thalassemia following bone marrow transplantation

2017 ◽  
Vol 96 (10) ◽  
pp. 1741-1747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phatchanat Klaihmon ◽  
Sinmanus Vimonpatranon ◽  
Egarit Noulsri ◽  
Surapong Lertthammakiat ◽  
Usanarat Anurathapan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Bone Marrow Transplantation ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Marrow Transplantation ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Activated Platelets

Early erythropoiesis in foetal rat bone marrow: evidence for a liver-to-bone marrow relay

Development ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 275-293
Author(s):  
M. D. Nagel ◽  
J. Nagel ◽  
R. Jacquot
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Regulatory Mechanism ◽  
Erythropoietic Activity ◽  
Intrauterine Life ◽  
Foetal Rat ◽  
Stimulate Bone Marrow ◽  
Rat Bone

Erythropoietic activity of foetal rat femoral marrow was examined during the last four days of intra-uterine life. Insignificant at day 18, it develops slowly thereafter until birth. In the non-suckled neonate (not older than two hours), it appears notably enhanced. In order to test the potential of the foetal marrow to develop precocious or increased erythropoiesis, the activity of the erythropoietic organ predominant at this time, the liver, was altered by modifying the level of circulating corticosteroids which govern its function. Maturation and involution of the hepatic erythron were prevented by corticosteroid deprivation of the foetus (maternal adrenalectomy and foetal hypophysectomy). Precocious maturation and exhaustion of the hepatic erythron was induced by submitting foetuses to corticosteroids excess from day 14. Both corticosteroid deprivation and excess increase the erythropoietic activity of the femoral marrow. This activity can reach and even exceed by day 20 of intrauterine life that in neonatal marrow. Foetal hepatic erythron misfunction can therefore initiate and stimulate bone marrow erythropoiesis. The study of circulating red blood cells demonstrates that: (1) anaemia initiates medullary erythropoietic activity; (2) this anaemia is largely corrected by the bone marrow. The regulatory mechanism is presumably erythropoietin mediated.

scholarly journals CELLS INVOLVED IN THE IMMUNE RESPONSE

1969 ◽  
Vol 129 (4) ◽  
pp. 757-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabih I. Abdou ◽  
Maxwell Richter
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Allogeneic Bone Marrow ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Allogeneic Bone ◽  
Sheep Red Blood Cells ◽  
Sheep Red Cells

Irradiated rabbits given allogeneic bone marrow cells from normal adult donors responded to an injection of sheep red blood cells by forming circulating antibodies. Their spleen cells were also capable of forming many plaques using the hemolysis in gel technique, and were also capable of undergoing blastogenesis and mitosis and of incorporating tritiated thymidine upon exposure to the specific antigen in vitro. However, irradiated rabbits injected with allogeneic bone marrow obtained from rabbits injected with sheep red blood cells 24 hr prior to sacrifice (primed donors) were incapable of mounting an immune response after stimulation with sheep red cells. This loss of reactivity by the bone marrow from primed donors is specific for the antigen injected, since the immune response of the irradiated recipients to a non-cross-reacting antigen, the horse red blood cell, is unimpaired. Treatment of the bone marrow donors with high-titered specific antiserum to sheep red cells for 24 hr prior to sacrifice did not result in any diminished ability of their bone marrow cells to transfer antibody-forming capacity to sheep red blood cells. The significance of these results, with respect to the origin of the antigen-reactive and antibody-forming cells in the rabbit, is discussed.

scholarly journals Peripheral Red Blood Cell Split Chimerism as a Consequence of Intramedullary Selective Apoptosis of Recipient Red Blood Cells in a Case of Sickle Cell Disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e2014066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Marziali ◽  
Antonella Isgrò ◽  
Pietro Sodani ◽  
Javid Gaziev ◽  
Daniela Fraboni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Sickle Cell Anemia ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Marrow Transplant ◽  
Mixed Chimerism ◽  
Radical Cure ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Hematopoietic Chimerism

Allogeneic cellular gene therapy through hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is the only radical cure for congenital hemoglobinopathies like thalassemia and sickle cell anemia. Persistent mixed hematopoietic chimerism (PMC) has been described in thalassemia and sickle cell anemia. Here, we describe the clinical course of a 6-year-old girl who had received bone marrow transplant for sickle cell anemia. After the transplant, the patient showed 36% donor hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow, whereas in the peripheral blood there was evidence of 80%  circulating donor red blood cells (RBC). The analysis of apoptosis at the Bone Marrow  level suggests that Fas might contribute to the cell death of host erythroid precursors. The increase in NK cells and the regulatory T cell population observed in this patient suggests that these cells might contribute to the condition of mixed chimerism.

Red blood cells

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaun R. McCann
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Blood Loss ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Haemolytic Anaemia ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
G6pd Deficiency ◽  
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Haemoglobinuria ◽  
Globin Chains ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Red blood cells, erythrocytes, are unique in that they do not contain a nucleus. This fact facilitates the study of their metabolism. Erythrocytes contain the protein pigment haemoglobin, which is in solution in the cells and consists of globin chains and iron. In this chapter, the development of the understanding of erythrocytes is linked to the blood conditions haemolytic anaemia and paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria. Premature destruction of erythrocytes, in the absence of blood loss, is termed haemolysis. If the bone marrow is unable to compensate adequately, then anaemia ensues and the condition is called haemolytic anaemia. The underlying defect is a deficiency in the activity of the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, termed G6PD deficiency.

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