Assessment Of 2D:4D ratios amongst federal polytechnic Ekowe students, Bayelsa State, Nigeria

Humans, primates, birds and reptiles have demonstrated sexually dimorphism in the length of their 2nd and 4th digits otherwise known as 2D:4D, with males on the average having lower values than females. This difference has been associated with the differential exposure of prenatal testosterone relative to estrogen during intrauterine life. This present study assesses the 2d:4d ratio amongst students of the federal Polytechnic Ekowe, Bayelsa state of Nigeria. A total of 299 students (males n=150 and females n=149) participated in the study. The length of 2nd and 4th digits were measured with digital Vernier caliper from the basal crease to the tip of the finger, and 2nd digit length (2D) was divided by 4th digit (4D) to obtain 2D:4D ratio. The results of this study showed no significant difference between 2D right and left and 4D right and left for same sex (0.98±0.04 and 0.98±0.04 for males and 0.96±0.05 and 0.96±0.05 for female). Sexual dimorphism exits between sexes which is an indication that prenatal hormones have played a fundamental role on humans, during developmental stages.

Prosthetic management of cleft lip and palate

Cleft lip and palate is the most frequent congenital oral dysmophosis (1/600 births). They can be associated with polyformative syndromes. The aetiology is most often unknown, but heredity is still a predominant factor. These clefts result from an absence or insufficient fusion of the different facial buds occurring from the fifth to the 7th week of intrauterine life. They can have several forms. The treatment of cleft lip and palate requires multidisciplinary management. When orthodontics is lacking, the prosthesis takes over. Combined with maxillofacial surgery, the results are spectacular.

Congenital Hypothyroidism and the Deleterious Effects on Auditory Function and Language Skills: A Narrative Review

Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is an endocrine disease commonly found in newborns and is related to the absence or reduction of thyroid hormones (THs), which are essential for development since intrauterine life. Children with CH can develop hearing problems as THs are crucial for the auditory pathway’s development and maturation. Sensory deprivations, especially in hearing disorders at early ages of development, can impair language skills, literacy, and behavioral, cognitive, social, and psychosocial development. In this review we describe clinical and molecular aspects linking CH and hearing loss.

Efficacy of Garbhasanskara for Good Progeny in Present Scenario

During intrauterine life, the fetus is completely dependent on the mother. As a result, the health of the fetus directly depends on the health of the mother.Not only maternal nutrition, but maternal psychology, during pregnancy, has a significant effect on the health of the offspring and mother,too.Whatever emotional perceptions a woman has during her pregnancy are transmitted to the fetus. Ayurveda is an ancient science where all the measures are described under the title of Garbhasanskara to geta healthy and well- cultured child. The word Garbhasanskarais composed of two words ‘Garbha‘and Saskara’.Garbha means the fetus and Sanskara means Parivartana in Guna i.e., change in character. Thus, GarbhaSanskara is basically aimed at providing fundamental care for good physical as well as mental set up of a child. It includes three stages viz pre-conceptional care to get healthy Beeja i.e. sperm and ovum, care during pregnancy for development of the fetus and postnatal care i.e.Balasanskara. The present paper, expresses the concept of Garbhasanskara and its relevance in the present modern era.

A case of Meckel’s diverticulum with life-threatening recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding in an adult

Meckel’s diverticulum is the most common congenital anomaly of the gastrointestinal system. It results from the incomplete closure of the omphalomesenteric canal in intrauterine life. It is mostly diagnosed in childhood with intestinal obstruction and bleeding. It is uncommon and often clinically silent in adults. Also, it is difficult to diagnose the patients with symptomatic Meckel’s diverticulum. We report a 28-year-old male who presented with life-threatening recurrent lower gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding and was operated with the diagnosis of Meckel’s diverticulum with duodenal ulcer.

A hemizygous mutation in the FOXP3 gene (IPEX syndrome) resulting in recurrent X-linked fetal hydrops: a case report

Background Fetal hydrops is excessive extravasation of fluid into the third space in a fetus, which could be due to a wide differential of underlying pathology. IPEX (immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked) syndrome primarily affects males. It is a monogenic primary immunodeficiency syndrome of X-linked recessive inheritance due to FOXP3 gene variants. It is characterised by the development of multiple autoimmune disorders in affected individuals. Case presentation We present a rare cause of male fetal hydrops in the context of IPEX syndrome and discuss FOXP3 gene variants as a differential for ‘unexplained’ fetal hydrops that may present after the first trimester. Discussion and conclusions In all similar cases, the pathological process begins during intrauterine life. Furthermore, there are no survivors described. Consequently, this variant should be considered as a severe one, associated with intrauterine life onset and fatal course, i.e., the most severe IPEX phenotype.

Zarys problemu wrodzonych wad rozwojowych żeńskich narządów płciowych w ginekologii i w praktyce lekarza rodzinnego

Congenital malformations of female genital organs arise as a result of disorders of development of the Müller ducts or urogenital sinus. Most often these are uterine defects, rarely vagina or complex defects affecting the uterus and vagina. Examples of such disadvantages have been outlined. In the case of patients with congenital malformations of genital organs, interdisciplinary medical and psychological care should be sought, and the help of a specialist in family doctor is also important. Despite the fact that in the practice of a family doctor the problem of congenital malformations is relatively rare, due to the importance of the problem, it is important in family medicine to know about patients with abnormalities in the structure and function of the genital organs arising during intrauterine life due to differentiation disorders sexual. These patients require a referral to gynecological specialists. It is important to properly diagnose the type of defect, possibly eliminate unpleasant ailments, and thus restore the proper functioning of the genital organs also in the context of functioning in the sexual sphere. Therefore, in the case of patients with congenital malformations of the genital organs, interdisciplinary medical and psychological care is important, especially in patients with MRKH syndrome.