scholarly journals THE RESPIRATION OF LUMINOUS BACTERIA AND THE EFFECT OF OXYGEN TENSION UPON OXYGEN CONSUMPTION

1929 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles S. Shoup
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Oxygen Tension ◽  
Small Cells ◽  
Pure Oxygen ◽  
Catalytic Surfaces ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Luminous Bacteria ◽  
Effect Of Oxygen

1. The respiration of luminous bacteria has been studied by colorimetric and manometric methods. 2. Limulus oxyhaemocyanin has been used as a colorimetric indicator of oxygen consumption and indicator dyes were used for colorimetric determination of carbon dioxide production. 3. The Thunberg-Winterstein microrespirometer has been used for the measurement of the rate of oxygen consumption by luminous bacteria at different partial pressures of oxygen. 4. The effect of oxygen concentration upon oxygen consumption has been followed from equilibrium with air to low pressures of oxygen. 5. Luminous bacteria consume oxygen and produce carbon dioxide independent of oxygen pressures from equilibrium with air (152 mm.) to approximately 22.80 mm. oxygen or 0.03 atmosphere. 6. Dimming of a suspension of luminous bacteria occurs when oxygen tension is lowered to approximately 2 mm. Hg (0.0026 atmosphere) and when the rate of respiration becomes diminished one-half. 7. Pure nitrogen stops respiratory activity and pure oxygen irreversibly inhibits oxygen consumption. 8. The curve for rate of oxygen consumption with oxygen concentration is similar to curves for adsorption of gasses at catalytic surfaces, and agrees with the Langmuir equation for the expression of the amount of gas adsorbed in unimolecular layer at catalytic surfaces with gas pressure. 9. A constant and maximum rate of oxygen consumption occurs in small cells when oxygen concentration becomes sufficient to entirely saturate the surface of the oxidative catalyst of the cell.

Effect of oxygen concentration on the rates of photosynthesis and photorespiration of some higher plants

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 457-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. D'Aoust ◽  
D. T. Canvin
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Oxygen Tension ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Gas Mixture ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Leaf Material ◽  
Leaf Chamber ◽  
Effect Of Oxygen

Carbon dioxide gas exchange of leaf material was studied in the light at different oxygen tensions for two CO2 concentrations, using an isotope technique. With bean, radish, and tobacco leaves in the leaf chamber, increasing the oxygen tension resulted in a significant alteration in the 14CO2/CO2 ratio of the gas mixture leaving the leaf chamber as compared to that offered to the leaf material. On estimating the rates of “true’ and apparent photosynthesis it was found that below 5% oxygen concentration the rates were not significantly different. However, increasing the oxygen concentration of the gas mixture resulted in a proportional decrease in the rates of true and of apparent photosynthesis. The increasing oxygen tension also resulted in proportional increases in the CO2 evolution (true photosynthesis minus apparent photosynthesis). The percentage inhibition of apparent photosynthesis was greater at low carbon dioxide concentration, while the inhibition of true photosynthesis was not as sensitive to the carbon dioxide level. The inhibition of apparent photosynthesis was not entirely attributable to the increased photorespiration but was roughly equally divided between an inhibition of true photosynthesis and a stimulation of CO2 evolution in the light.However, with corn leaf material, there was no effect of oxygen concentration on both the rates of true and apparent photosynthesis; also, no large CO2 evolution could be detected as emerging from leaf in the light at any of the oxygen concentrations tested.

scholarly journals THE OXYGEN CONSUMPTION OF LUMINOUS BACTERIA

1928 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 469-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Newton Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Oxygen Tension ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Bacterial Surface ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Luminous Bacteria ◽  
Sufficient Oxygen ◽  
Correct Comparison

Oxygen consumption of luminous bacteria determined by the Thunberg micro respirometer and by the time which elapses before the luminescence of an emulsion of luminous bacteria in sea water begins to dim, when over 99 per cent of the dissolved oxygen has been consumed, agree exactly. Average values for oxygen consumption at an average temperature of 21.5°C. are 4.26 x 10–11 mg. O2 per bacterium; 2.5 x 104 mg. per kilo and 5.6 mg. O2 per sq. m. of bacterial surface. The only correct comparison of the oxygen consumption of different organisms or tissues is in terms of oxygen used per unit weight with a sufficient oxygen tension so that oxygen consumption is independent of oxygen tension. Measurement of the oxygen concentration which just allows full luminescence, compared with a calculation of the oxygen concentration at the surface of a bacterial cell just necessary to allow the observed respiration throughout all parts of the cell, indicates that oxygen must diffuse into the bacterium much more slowly than through gelatin or connective tissue but not as slowly as through chitin.

The Measurement of the Oxygen Consumption of Daphnia by a Modification of the Cartesian Diver Technique

1948 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-321
Author(s):  
R. J. O'CONNOR
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Modified Technique ◽  
Sources Of Error ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Total Capacity

1. The Cartesian diver microrespirometer has been adapted to the measurement of the oxygen consumption of Daphnia. The modification involves an increase in size of the diver to a total capacity of over 100 µ1., and absorption of carbon dioxide by sodium hydroxide in a central cup incorporated in the structure of the diver. 2. The variation in the rate of oxygen consumption of normal Daphnia has been measured. 3. Sources of error in the modified technique have been investigated and the possibility of its wider use discussed.

Effect of Oxygen on Growth of Mycobacterium ulcerans in the BACTEC System

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 3420-3422 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Palomino ◽  
A. M. Obiang ◽  
L. Realini ◽  
W. M. Meyers ◽  
F. Portaels
Keyword(s):  
Primary Culture ◽  
Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Oxygen Tension ◽  
Mycobacterium Ulcerans ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Bactec System ◽  
Effect Of Oxygen ◽  
Low Oxygen Concentration

The effect of low oxygen concentration on the growth of 15 strains of Mycobacterium ulcerans was evaluated in the BACTEC system. Reduced oxygen tension enhanced the growth of M. ulcerans, suggesting that this organism has a preference for microaerobic environments. Application of this observation may improve rates of isolation of M. ulcerans in primary culture from clinical samples and promote isolation of the bacterium from environmental sources.

Active Respiration of Fish in Relation to Ambient Concentrations of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide

1959 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satyendra Prasanna Basu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Acclimation Temperature ◽  
Electric Stimulus ◽  
Ameiurus Nebulosus ◽  
Steady Rate ◽  
Resting Metabolism ◽  
Lethal Limit ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Ambient Concentrations

The oxygen consumption at a steady rate of activity maintained by a mild electric stimulus was measured for Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill), Catostomus commersoni (Lacepede), Ameiurus nebulosus LeSueur, Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus) and Carassius auratus (Linnaeus) in the presence of various combinations of oxygen and carbon dioxide. At a given level of oxygen the logarithm of the rate of oxygen consumption decreases linearly with the concentration of carbon dioxide. The linear relation so found is characteristic of a given species and the sensitivity to carbon dioxide decreases with increasing acclimation temperature. The oxygen concentration determines the level of active oxygen consumption in the absence of carbon dioxide and when the concentration approaches the lower lethal limit the effect of the addition of carbon dioxide is enhanced. The data found for these species for active metabolism was combined with data in the literature for resting metabolism to give estimates of the metabolism available for activity. The respiratory sensitivities of the four species were further compared by considering the estimated combinations of oxygen and carbon dioxide required to bring about asphyxiation in both flowing water and sealed containers. The ability of the blood of the fish to take up oxygen in the presence of carbon dioxide shows no direct relation to the ability of the fish to transport oxygen to the external medium under similar circumstances.

A note on the effect of oxygen-compared with nitrogen-ventilated hay on energy retention of steers

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 557-560
Author(s):  
K. H. Menke ◽  
W. Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Energy Retention ◽  
Effect Of Oxygen

SUMMARYVentilation of hay with oxygen increased oxygen consumption (P< 0·001) and carbon dioxide formation (P<0·01) of two steers, when compared with nitrogen-ventilated hay. Heat production was about 5% higher in the oxygen-hay period than in the nitrogen-hay period (P< 0·001). No difference in digestibility of nutrients was observed between these treatments.

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