The Measurement of the Oxygen Consumption of Daphnia by a Modification of the Cartesian Diver Technique

1948 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-321
Author(s):  
R. J. O'CONNOR
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Modified Technique ◽  
Sources Of Error ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Total Capacity

1. The Cartesian diver microrespirometer has been adapted to the measurement of the oxygen consumption of Daphnia. The modification involves an increase in size of the diver to a total capacity of over 100 µ1., and absorption of carbon dioxide by sodium hydroxide in a central cup incorporated in the structure of the diver. 2. The variation in the rate of oxygen consumption of normal Daphnia has been measured. 3. Sources of error in the modified technique have been investigated and the possibility of its wider use discussed.

Active Respiration of Fish in Relation to Ambient Concentrations of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide

1959 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satyendra Prasanna Basu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Acclimation Temperature ◽  
Electric Stimulus ◽  
Ameiurus Nebulosus ◽  
Steady Rate ◽  
Resting Metabolism ◽  
Lethal Limit ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Ambient Concentrations

The oxygen consumption at a steady rate of activity maintained by a mild electric stimulus was measured for Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill), Catostomus commersoni (Lacepede), Ameiurus nebulosus LeSueur, Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus) and Carassius auratus (Linnaeus) in the presence of various combinations of oxygen and carbon dioxide. At a given level of oxygen the logarithm of the rate of oxygen consumption decreases linearly with the concentration of carbon dioxide. The linear relation so found is characteristic of a given species and the sensitivity to carbon dioxide decreases with increasing acclimation temperature. The oxygen concentration determines the level of active oxygen consumption in the absence of carbon dioxide and when the concentration approaches the lower lethal limit the effect of the addition of carbon dioxide is enhanced. The data found for these species for active metabolism was combined with data in the literature for resting metabolism to give estimates of the metabolism available for activity. The respiratory sensitivities of the four species were further compared by considering the estimated combinations of oxygen and carbon dioxide required to bring about asphyxiation in both flowing water and sealed containers. The ability of the blood of the fish to take up oxygen in the presence of carbon dioxide shows no direct relation to the ability of the fish to transport oxygen to the external medium under similar circumstances.

RESPIRATION OF FISHES WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON STANDARD OXYGEN CONSUMPTION: IV. INFLUENCE OF CARBON DIOXIDE AND OXYGEN

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 847-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. W. H. Beamish
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Partial Pressure Of Oxygen ◽  
Partial Pressures ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Standard Rate ◽  
Different Levels

Oxygen consumption was determined in relation to spontaneous activity and standard metabolism estimated by extrapolating the values to zero activity, Standard oxygen consumption was determined in relation to different partial pressures of carbon dioxide and oxygen for brook trout. Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill), at 10 °C, and carp, Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, at 25 °C. In general, at each partial pressure of oxygen applied, standard oxygen consumption did not change significantly over the range of partial pressures of carbon dioxide followed. The relation for brook trout operated on a level characteristic of the partial pressure of oxygen. Although the effect of different levels of oxygen was not established for carp at 25 °C, it is presumed that the relation operated also in that species in a similar way.Acclimation to the different levels of carbon dioxide and oxygen to be tested was examined and, ordinarily, found not to change significantly the standard rate of oxygen consumption.

scholarly journals THE RESPIRATION OF LUMINOUS BACTERIA AND THE EFFECT OF OXYGEN TENSION UPON OXYGEN CONSUMPTION

1929 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles S. Shoup
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Oxygen Tension ◽  
Small Cells ◽  
Pure Oxygen ◽  
Catalytic Surfaces ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Luminous Bacteria ◽  
Effect Of Oxygen

1. The respiration of luminous bacteria has been studied by colorimetric and manometric methods. 2. Limulus oxyhaemocyanin has been used as a colorimetric indicator of oxygen consumption and indicator dyes were used for colorimetric determination of carbon dioxide production. 3. The Thunberg-Winterstein microrespirometer has been used for the measurement of the rate of oxygen consumption by luminous bacteria at different partial pressures of oxygen. 4. The effect of oxygen concentration upon oxygen consumption has been followed from equilibrium with air to low pressures of oxygen. 5. Luminous bacteria consume oxygen and produce carbon dioxide independent of oxygen pressures from equilibrium with air (152 mm.) to approximately 22.80 mm. oxygen or 0.03 atmosphere. 6. Dimming of a suspension of luminous bacteria occurs when oxygen tension is lowered to approximately 2 mm. Hg (0.0026 atmosphere) and when the rate of respiration becomes diminished one-half. 7. Pure nitrogen stops respiratory activity and pure oxygen irreversibly inhibits oxygen consumption. 8. The curve for rate of oxygen consumption with oxygen concentration is similar to curves for adsorption of gasses at catalytic surfaces, and agrees with the Langmuir equation for the expression of the amount of gas adsorbed in unimolecular layer at catalytic surfaces with gas pressure. 9. A constant and maximum rate of oxygen consumption occurs in small cells when oxygen concentration becomes sufficient to entirely saturate the surface of the oxidative catalyst of the cell.

A Simple Electrolytic Respirometer for the Continuous Recording of Oxygen Consumption Under Constant and Natural Conditions

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-215
Author(s):  
ANN M. CHASE ◽  
D. M. UNWIN ◽  
R. H. J. BROWN
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Continuous Recording ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Air Breathing ◽  
Oxygen Levels ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption

1. The principles involved in the design of an electrolytic respirometer are set out. 2. A respirometer is described for air-breathing animals which allows the continuous recording over long periods (up to two weeks) of oxygen consumption at rates of the order of 10-100 µl. per hour. 3. Provision is made for maintaining the temperature, pressure, and carbon dioxide and oxygen levels constant and at atmospheric values. 4. A new design of recorder displays the results directly as rate of oxygen consumption. 5. The features of the apparatus are discussed with reference to specific requirements.

scholarly journals Rapid magnetic resonance measurement of global cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption in humans during rest and hypercapnia

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 1504-1512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Varsha Jain ◽  
Michael C Langham ◽  
Thomas F Floyd ◽  
Gaurav Jain ◽  
Jeremy F Magland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Vascular Reactivity ◽  
Cerebral Metabolism ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Cerebral Metabolic Rate ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
End Tidal

The effect of hypercapnia on cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption ( CMRO2) has been a subject of intensive investigation and debate. Most applications of hypercapnia are based on the assumption that a mild increase in partial pressure of carbon dioxide has negligible effect on cerebral metabolism. In this study, we sought to further investigate the vascular and metabolic effects of hypercapnia by simultaneously measuring global venous oxygen saturation ( Sv O2) and total cerebral blood flow ( tCBF), with a temporal resolution of 30 seconds using magnetic resonance susceptometry and phase-contrast techniques in 10 healthy awake adults. While significant increases in Sv O2 and tCBF were observed during hypercapnia ( P < 0.005), no change in CMRO2 was noted ( P > 0.05). Additionally, fractional changes in tCBF and end-tidal carbon dioxide ( R2 = 0.72, P < 0.005), as well as baseline Sv O2 and tCBF ( R2 = 0.72, P < 0.005), were found to be correlated. The data also suggested a correlation between cerebral vascular reactivity ( CVR) and baseline tCBF ( R2 = 0.44, P = 0.052). A CVR value of 6.1% ± 1.6%/mm Hg was determined using a linear-fit model. Additionally, an average undershoot of 6.7% ± 4% and 17.1% ± 7% was observed in Sv O2 and tCBF upon recovery from hypercapnia in six subjects.

scholarly journals The Energetic and Metabolic Effect of Ringerfundin (B. Braun) Infusion and Comparison with Plasma-Lyte (Baxter) in Healthy Volunteers

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zdeněk Zadák ◽  
Radomír Hyšpler ◽  
Miloslav Hronek ◽  
Alena Tichá
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Respiratory Quotient ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Metabolic Effect ◽  
Ionic Solution ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption

Measurement of parameters of energy requirement, respiratory quotient (RQ), rate of oxygen consumption (VO2) and rate of carbon dioxide production (VCO2) reveal Ringerfundin as an excellent and metabolically stable-acting balanced ionic solution, which does not increase the consumption of O2 or the total energy requirement. In conclusion, Ringerfundin was very well tolerated and in no case were observed undesirable effects.

Microbial efficiency in a meromictic reservoir

2008 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grażyna Mazurkiewicz-Boroń ◽  
Teresa Bednarz ◽  
Elżbieta Wilk-Woźniak
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption Rate ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Metabolic Efficiency ◽  
Sulphur Compounds ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Release ◽  
Microbial Efficiency ◽  
Ion Contents

Microbial efficiency in a meromictic reservoirIndices of microbial efficiency (expressed as oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide release) were determined in the water column of the meromictic Piaseczno Reservoir (in an opencast sulphur mine), which is rich in sulphur compounds. Phytoplankton abundances were low in both the mixolimnion (up to 15 m depth) and monimolimnion (below 15 m depth). In summer and winter, carbon dioxide release was 3-fold and 5-fold higher, respectively, in the monimolimnion than in the mixolimnion. Laboratory enrichments of the sulphur substrate of the water resulted in a decrease in oxygen consumption rate of by about 42% in mixolimnion samples, and in the carbon dioxide release rate by about 69% in monimolimnion samples. Water temperature, pH and bivalent ion contents were of major importance in shaping the microbial metabolic efficiency in the mixolimnion, whilst in the monimolimnion these relationships were not evident.

scholarly journals Recovery heat in muscular contraction without lactic acid formation

1931 ◽  
Vol 108 (757) ◽  
pp. 279-301 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Muscular Contraction ◽  
Acid Formation ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Spontaneous Breakdown ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Resting Muscle

In a comparison of muscles poisoned with mono-iodo-acetic acid (IAA) in the presence and in the absence of oxygen respectively, Lundsgaard (1930) found:- (1) That the spontaneous breakdown of phosphagen in poisoned resting muscle is much more rapid under anaerobic conditions. (2) That the onset of the characteristic contracture produced by IAA is accompanied always by an increase in the rate of oxygen consumption.

Proximal tubule dysfunction in cystine-loaded tubules: effect of phosphate and metabolic substrates

1996 ◽  
Vol 271 (3) ◽  
pp. F717-F722
Author(s):  
G. Bajaj ◽  
M. Baum
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Proximal Tubule ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Dimethyl Ester ◽  
Proximal Tubules ◽  
Intracellular Atp ◽  
Metabolic Substrates ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Intracellular Phosphate

Intracellular cystine loading by use of cystine dimethyl ester (CDME) results in a generalized inhibition in proximal tubule transport due, in part, to a decrease in intracellular ATP. The present study examined the importance of phosphate and metabolic substrates in the proximal tubule dysfunction produced by cystine loading. Proximal tubule intracellular phosphorus was 1.8 +/- 0.1 in control tubules and 1.1 +/- 0.1 nmol/mg protein in proximal tubules incubated in vitro with CDME P < 0.001). Infusion of sodium phosphate in rabbits and subsequent incubation of proximal tubules with a high-phosphate medium attenuated the decrease in proximal tubule respiration and prevented the decrease in intracellular ATP with cystine loading. Tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates have been shown to preserve oxidative metabolism in phosphate-depleted proximal tubules. In proximal tubules incubated with either 1 mM valerate or butyrate, there was a 42 and 34% reduction (both P < 0.05) in the rate of oxygen consumption with cystine loading. However, tubules incubated with 1 mM succinate or citrate had only a 13 and 14% P = NS) reduction in the rate of oxygen consumption, respectively. These data are consistent with a limitation of intracellular phosphate in the pathogenesis of the proximal tubule dysfunction with cystine loading.

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