Reconstruction of a Symbolic Periodic Sequence from a Sequence with Noise

The problem of constructing a periodic sequence consisting of at least eight periods is considered, based on a given sequence obtained from an unknown periodic sequence, also containing at least eight periods, by introducing noise of deletion, replacement, and insertion of symbols. To construct a periodic sequence that approximates a given one, distorted by noise, it is first required to estimate the length of the repeating fragment (period). Further, the distorted original sequence is divided into successive sections of equal length; the length takes on integer values from 80 to 120 % of the period estimate. Each obtained section is compared with each of the remaining sections, a section is selected to build a periodic sequence that has the minimum edit distance (Levenshtein distance) to any of the remaining sections, minimization is carried out over all sections of a fixed length, and then along all lengths from 80 to 120 % of period estimates. For correct comparison of fragments of different lengths, we consider the ration between the edit distance and the length of the fragment. The length of a fragment that minimizes the ratio of the edit distance to another fragment of the same length to the fragment length is considered the period of the approximating periodic sequence, and the fragment itself, repeating the required number of times, forms an approximating sequence. The constructed sequence may contain an incomplete repeating fragment at the end. The quality of the approximation is estimated by the ratio of the edit distance from the original distorted sequence to the constructed periodic sequence of the same length and this length.

New radiation techniques in controlling bone regeneration in fractures

Objective: comparative study of the possibilities of radiation methods in control of bone regeneration in fractures.Materials and methods. A study of bone calluse formation was conducted in 116 patients with broken tubular bones of the upper and lower limbs from the first day of the fracture to the complete consolidation of the fractures. In X-rays and CT determined the mineral density of bone calluses, with ultrasonic elastography shear wave and compression elastography determined the rigidity of bone calluses in kPa.Results. X-ray bone corn was determined at the end of the second – the beginning of the third stage of bone calluse formation. On CT bone corn density (in the HU), its structure and the condition of bone breaks were determined in some patients in all stages of bone regenerate formation. In ultrasound examination in the multiparametric mode studied the rigidity, structure and vascularization of bone calluses, the correct comparison of bone breaks from the first day of the fracture to their complete fusion.Conclusions. Ultrasonic studies in multiparametric mode can be used to control bone regeneration in fractures. Ultrasonic elastography shear wave, in determining the rigidity of bone calluse, in sensitivity and specificity exceeds the indicators of ultrasonic compression elastography at all stages of bone regenerate formation.

Performance Assessment of District Energy Systems with Common Elements for Heating and Cooling

District energy systems, especially those integrating renewables or low exergy sources, have multiple elements for generating heating and cooling. Some of these elements might be used for both purposes: heating and cooling, either simultaneously or alternatively. This makes it more complex to separate the assessment and have a clear picture on performance of cooling service on one side, and heating services on the other, in terms of energy, environmental, and economic results. However, a correct comparison between different district energy configurations or among district energy and conventional solutions requires split assessment of each service. The paper presents a methodology for calculating different district heating and cooling system key performance indicators (KPIs), distinguishing between heating and cooling ones. A total of eleven indicators are organized under four categories: energy, environment, economy and socio-economy. Each KPI is defined for heating service and for cooling service. According to this, the methodology proposes a demand-based and an investment-based share factors that facilitate the heating and cooling KPI calculation.

Features of Ceramics of the Kulai Culture (Surgut Variant) of the Barsov gorodok I/32 Site (Surgut-Ob Region)

Purpose. Barsova Gora is a unique archaeological and landscape site located in the Tyumen Region of the Russian Federation. The archaeological site Barsov gorodok I/32 is located on the edge of the bank of Utoplaya river. A visual comparison of the ceramics of the early Iron Age from the Barsov gorodok I/31–32 sites and the ceramics of the Barsov gorodok I/4 site from the east showed their great similarity, if not their identical nature. For a correct comparison and identification of similarities and differences in the ceramics of these sites, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive study of the products of each settlement using a unified technique. The study is devoted to the analysis of ceramics of the Barsov gorodok I/32 site. Results. The most common motifs are rows of ‘ducks’. Other common patterns are: short wavy horizontal and vertical prints (‘birds’ and ‘snakes’), rows of stamp prints, notches and ‘pearls’. There are no non-ornamented dividing zones on the vessels. There are no ornaments in the form of a series of hemotheric figures and meanders. The upper edges of the vessels are flat (28 %) or beveled inward (72%). In 33% of cases, a cornice is present. The ceramics are made from low-sand ferruginous clays with a natural admixture of sand, mica, brown iron ore, and scraps of vegetation. Artificial impurities are represented by chamotte, broken stone and organic matter. Four recipes of clay paste have been revealed: clay + broken stone; clay + broken stone + chamotte; clay + chamotte; clay + chamotte + organic matter. The ceramics are made with ribbons. The shape of the vessels is cauldron-like. Conclusion. The absence of non-ornamented dividing zones, the presence of rows of short wavy horizontal and vertical impressions (‘birds’ and ‘snakes’), the presence of inwardly beveled upper edges of the vessels with ornamented cornices testify to the late existence of this pottery. The ceramics of the Barsov gorodok I/32 site can be attributed to the late stage of the Kulai culture (Surgut variant).

A note on constituent parsing for Korean

This study deals with widespread issues on constituent parsing for Korean including the quantitative and qualitative error analyses on parsing results. The previous treebank grammars have been accepted as being interpretable in the various annotation schemes, whereas the recent parsers turn out to be much harder for humans to interpret. This paper, therefore, intends to find the concrete typology of parsing errors, to describe how these parsers deal with sentences and to show their statistical distribution, using state-of-the-art statistical and neural parsers. For doing this work, we train and evaluate the phrase structure Sejong treebank using statistical and neural parsing systems and obtain results up to a 89.18% F $_1$ score, which outperforms previous constituent parsing results for Korean. We also define best practices for correct comparison to future work by proposing the standard corpus division for the Sejong treebank.

COMPARISON OF MOBILITY IN THIN-FILM STRUCTURES WITH DIFFERENT DESIGN PARAMETERS

This study aims to found the conditions under which the same carrier distribution is achieved in thin-film structures with different design parameters, which is necessary for a correct comparison of the mobility in films. It was shown that the carrier distribution is controlled by a number of parameters which can be determined from the experimental dependences of the thin-film transistors.

Specificity of the development and characteristics of mixed damage to network structures of pipeline transportation systems

Pipeline transportation systems are used in various industries for the purpose of delivering various substances and materials to consumers. If, as the result of an accident development, a certain number of random linear elements (pipelines) consecutively fail, such scenario of events is called progressive damage. If several pipelines converging at a node fail simultaneously, such point element of the system is blocked. Progressive blocking of a certain set of nodes of a pipeline system in random order is called a progressive blocking. Simultaneous development within a system of progressive damage to linear elements and blocking of transportation nodes represents mixed damage. Mixed damage is a hazardous form of emergency, and its development causes fast degradation of a system’s transportation capabilities.The Aim of the paper is to study the characteristic properties and patterns of the progress of mixed damage affecting network structures of pipeline systems, as well as evaluating such systems’ capability to resist its development.Methods of research. The characteristics of network entities’ resilience to the development of mixed damage were identified by means of computer simulation. The nature of the effects to which a system is exposed was defined with a cyclogram, whose integer parameters indicate the alternation of the process of sequential damage of linear elements and nodes of a network structure.Results. It has been established that a correct comparison of the resilience of various network structures to mixed damage is only possible with regard to comparable facilities. For that purpose, the analyzed systems must have identical numbers of nodes, linear elements and end product consumers. Additionally, such systems must be exposed to effects with identical cyclograms. It is shown that the correlation of the resilience of comparable network structures does not depend on the specific type of mixed damage cyclogram, but is defined by the nature of the connections within a particular system.Conclusions. Mixed damage is a hazardous development scenario of an emergency situation that is associated with rapid degradation of the transportation capacity of pipeline systems. The ability of network structures of pipeline systems to resist mixed damage is evaluated based on indicators that are defined by means of simulation. A correct comparison of the resilience of various structures to mixed damage is only possible in case they are comparable. For that purpose, they must have identical numbers of nodes, linear elements and product consumers. Additionally, such systems must be exposed to damage procedures with identical cyclograms. The correlation of the resilience of network structures that comply with the comparability conditions does not depend on the adopted damage cyclogram, but is defined by the existing set of connections within a particular system.