scholarly journals A Manipulative Experiment to Estimate Biparental Inbreeding in Monkeyflowers

2002 ◽  
Vol 163 (4) ◽  
pp. 575-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
John K. Kelly ◽  
John H. Willis
Keyword(s):  
Manipulative Experiment ◽  
Biparental Inbreeding

Which stem parts of Slender speedwell (Veronica filiformis) are the most successful in plant regeneration?

Biologia ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Božena Šerá
Keyword(s):  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Natural Condition ◽  
Clonal Plants ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Nodal Segment ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Manipulative Experiment ◽  
Best Response ◽  
Small Parts ◽  
Internodal Segment

AbstractRegeneration of Slender speedwell (Veronica filiformis) from small parts of stem without using stimulative agents was the focus of the investigation. Four different short fragments of shoot (main terminal, secondary terminal, nodal segment and internodal segment) were cultivated under greenhouse and natural conditions. All tested vegetative segments induced roots, rooted in a soil substrate and in a semi-natural lawn, survived winter, and flowered. Multiplication of clonal plants was confirmed for both the main and secondary terminal segments. These terminal segments had the best response in number of growing individuals, flowering stems, and weight of dried biomass. The manipulative experiment revealed that clonal success of speedwell is connected with possibilities to hive off of all tested above-ground segments. Establishment of plantlets from the segment in natural condition was not successful when accompanied by certain grass species.

scholarly journals Straightening the crooked: intraspecific divergence of stem posture control and associated trade-offs in a model conifer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Sierra-de-Grado ◽  
V Pando ◽  
J Voltas ◽  
R Zas ◽  
J Majada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Reaction Wood ◽  
Forest Trees ◽  
Manipulative Experiment ◽  
Intraspecific Divergence ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Adaptive Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Light Capture

Abstract Although the straightening capacity of the stem is key for light capture and mechanical stability in forest trees, little is known about its adaptive implications. Assuming that stem straightening is costly, trade-offs are expected with competing processes such as growth, maintenance and defences. We established a manipulative experiment in a common garden of Pinus pinaster including provenances typically showing either straight-stemmed or crooked-stemmed phenotypes. We imposed a bending up to 35º on plants aged nine years of both provenance groups and followed the straightening kinetics and shoot elongation after releasing. Eight months later, we destructively assessed biomass partitioning, reaction wood, wood microdensity, xylem reserve carbohydrates and phloem secondary metabolites. The experimental bending and release caused significant, complex changes with a marked difference between straight- and crooked-type plants. The straight-type recovered verticality faster and to a higher degree and developed more compression wood, while displaying a transitory delay in shoot elongation, reducing resource allocation to defences and maintaining the levels of non-structural carbohydrates compared to the crooked type. This combination of responses indicates the existence of intraspecific divergence in the reaction to mechanical stresses which may be related to different adaptive phenotypic plasticity.

scholarly journals Rain, predators, and spider sociality: a manipulative experiment

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 589-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine R. Hoffman ◽  
Leticia Avilés
Keyword(s):  
Manipulative Experiment

A thermophile in the shade: light-directed nest relocation in the Costa Rican ant Ectatomma ruidum

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 559-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terrence P. McGlynn ◽  
Toyin Dunn ◽  
Ellen Wayman ◽  
Andrea Romero
Keyword(s):  
Food Availability ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Light Environment ◽  
Manipulative Experiment ◽  
Ant Colonies ◽  
Nest Location ◽  
First Report ◽  
Nest Relocation ◽  
Ectatomma Ruidum ◽  
Tropical Climates

In tropical climates, nest movements by mature ant colonies are probably widespread but the phenomenon of nest relocation is poorly described (McGlynn 2007, McGlynn et al. 2004, Smallwood 1982a). For species that nest in soil, the costs and risks associated with excavating and establishing new nests are consequential, and it is assumed that relocation occurs when the costs are offset by a more advantageous nest location (Avargues-Weber & Monnin 2009, Banschbach & Herbers 1999). Nest movements may occur to areas with greater availability of food resources or to a more favourable microclimate. Here we provide the first report of nest relocation in one of the most widespread and well described ant species in the Neotropics, Ectatomma ruidum (Roger), and we perform a manipulative experiment to test whether food availability or light environment influence nest movement.

Does time until mating affect progeny sex ratio? A manipulative experiment with the parasitoid wasp

1998 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 611 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Fauvergue ◽  
K. R. Hopper ◽  
M. F. Antolin ◽  
D. J. Kazmer
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Parasitoid Wasp ◽  
Manipulative Experiment

Early inbreeding depression in the sexually polymorphic plantDianthus sylvestris(Caryophyllaceae): Effects of selfing and biparental inbreeding among sex morphs

2009 ◽  
Vol 96 (12) ◽  
pp. 2279-2287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carine L. Collin ◽  
Laurent Penet ◽  
Jacqui A. Shykoff
Keyword(s):  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Biparental Inbreeding

Effects of increased water temperature on leaf litter quality and detritivore performance: a whole-reach manipulative experiment

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 184-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Mas-Martí ◽  
Isabel Muñoz ◽  
Francesc Oliva ◽  
Cristina Canhoto
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Litter Quality ◽  
Manipulative Experiment

Vertebrate herbivory in managed coastal wetlands: a manipulative experiment

1997 ◽  
Vol 59 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 17-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lori A. Johnson ◽  
A.Lee Foote
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Wetlands ◽  
Manipulative Experiment ◽  
Vertebrate Herbivory
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