A Quantitative Survey of Local Adaptation and Fitness Trade‐Offs

2009 ◽  
Vol 173 (5) ◽  
pp. 579-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe Hereford
Keyword(s):  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Quantitative Survey ◽  
Trade Offs

scholarly journals Gene expression clines reveal local adaptation and associated trade-offs at a continental scale

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Damiano Porcelli ◽  
Anja M. Westram ◽  
Marta Pascual ◽  
Kevin J. Gaston ◽  
Roger K. Butlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
Trade Offs

scholarly journals Genomics of sorghum local adaptation to a parasitic plant

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (8) ◽  
pp. 4243-4251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily S. Bellis ◽  
Elizabeth A. Kelly ◽  
Claire M. Lorts ◽  
Huirong Gao ◽  
Victoria L. DeLeo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Balancing Selection ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Striga Hermonthica ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Genome Wide

Host–parasite coevolution can maintain high levels of genetic diversity in traits involved in species interactions. In many systems, host traits exploited by parasites are constrained by use in other functions, leading to complex selective pressures across space and time. Here, we study genome-wide variation in the staple crop Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench and its association with the parasitic weed Striga hermonthica (Delile) Benth., a major constraint to food security in Africa. We hypothesize that geographic selection mosaics across gradients of parasite occurrence maintain genetic diversity in sorghum landrace resistance. Suggesting a role in local adaptation to parasite pressure, multiple independent loss-of-function alleles at sorghum LOW GERMINATION STIMULANT 1 (LGS1) are broadly distributed among African landraces and geographically associated with S. hermonthica occurrence. However, low frequency of these alleles within S. hermonthica-prone regions and their absence elsewhere implicate potential trade-offs restricting their fixation. LGS1 is thought to cause resistance by changing stereochemistry of strigolactones, hormones that control plant architecture and below-ground signaling to mycorrhizae and are required to stimulate parasite germination. Consistent with trade-offs, we find signatures of balancing selection surrounding LGS1 and other candidates from analysis of genome-wide associations with parasite distribution. Experiments with CRISPR–Cas9-edited sorghum further indicate that the benefit of LGS1-mediated resistance strongly depends on parasite genotype and abiotic environment and comes at the cost of reduced photosystem gene expression. Our study demonstrates long-term maintenance of diversity in host resistance genes across smallholder agroecosystems, providing a valuable comparison to both industrial farming systems and natural communities.

scholarly journals Genomic Patterns of Local Adaptation under Gene Flow in Arabidopsis lyrata

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 2557-2571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuomas Hämälä ◽  
Outi Savolainen
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Rate Variation ◽  
Arabidopsis Lyrata ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Northern Latitudes ◽  
Local Selection ◽  
Empirical Level ◽  
Selected Traits

AbstractShort-scale local adaptation is a complex process involving selection, migration, and drift. The expected effects on the genome are well grounded in theory but examining these on an empirical level has proven difficult, as it requires information about local selection, demographic history, and recombination rate variation. Here, we use locally adapted and phenotypically differentiated Arabidopsis lyrata populations from two altitudinal gradients in Norway to test these expectations at the whole-genome level. Demography modeling indicates that populations within the gradients diverged <2 kya and that the sites are connected by gene flow. The gene flow estimates are, however, highly asymmetric with migration from high to low altitudes being several times more frequent than vice versa. To detect signatures of selection for local adaptation, we estimate patterns of lineage-specific differentiation among these populations. Theory predicts that gene flow leads to concentration of adaptive loci in areas of low recombination; a pattern we observe in both lowland-alpine comparisons. Although most selected loci display patterns of conditional neutrality, we found indications of genetic trade-offs, with one locus particularly showing high differentiation and signs of selection in both populations. Our results further suggest that resistance to solar radiation is an important adaptation to alpine environments, while vegetative growth and bacterial defense are indicated as selected traits in the lowland habitats. These results provide insights into genetic architectures and evolutionary processes driving local adaptation under gene flow. We also contribute to understanding of traits and biological processes underlying alpine adaptation in northern latitudes.

scholarly journals QTL × environment interactions underlie adaptive divergence in switchgrass across a large latitudinal gradient

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (26) ◽  
pp. 12933-12941 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. Lowry ◽  
John T. Lovell ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Jason Bonnette ◽  
Philip A. Fay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Panicum Virgatum ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Adaptive Divergence ◽  
Multiple Loci ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Locally Adaptive ◽  
Trait Locus ◽  
Benefits And Costs ◽  
Transplant Experiments

Local adaptation is the process by which natural selection drives adaptive phenotypic divergence across environmental gradients. Theory suggests that local adaptation results from genetic trade-offs at individual genetic loci, where adaptation to one set of environmental conditions results in a cost to fitness in alternative environments. However, the degree to which there are costs associated with local adaptation is poorly understood because most of these experiments rely on two-site reciprocal transplant experiments. Here, we quantify the benefits and costs of locally adaptive loci across 17° of latitude in a four-grandparent outbred mapping population in outcrossing switchgrass (Panicum virgatumL.), an emerging biofuel crop and dominant tallgrass species. We conducted quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping across 10 sites, ranging from Texas to South Dakota. This analysis revealed that beneficial biomass (fitness) QTL generally incur minimal costs when transplanted to other field sites distributed over a large climatic gradient over the 2 y of our study. Therefore, locally advantageous alleles could potentially be combined across multiple loci through breeding to create high-yielding regionally adapted cultivars.

Genetic trade‐offs underlie divergent life history strategies for local adaptation in white clover

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara J. Wright ◽  
David M. Goad ◽  
Briana L. Gross ◽  
Patricio R. Muñoz ◽  
Kenneth M. Olsen
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Local Adaptation ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Trade Offs

Is local adaptation in Mimulus guttatus caused by trade-offs at individual loci?

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (13) ◽  
pp. 2739-2753 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. HALL ◽  
D. B. LOWRY ◽  
J. H. WILLIS
Keyword(s):  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Mimulus Guttatus ◽  
Trade Offs

scholarly journals In a nutshell, a reciprocal transplant experiment reveals local adaptation and fitness trade‐offs in response to urban evolution in an acorn‐dwelling ant

Evolution ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 876-887
Author(s):  
Ryan A. Martin ◽  
Lacy D. Chick ◽  
Matthew L. Garvin ◽  
Sarah E. Diamond
Keyword(s):  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Reciprocal Transplant ◽  
Transplant Experiment ◽  
Reciprocal Transplant Experiment ◽  
Trade Offs

scholarly journals Combining population genomics and fitness QTLs to identify the genetics of local adaptation in Arabidopsis thaliana

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (19) ◽  
pp. 5028-5033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Price ◽  
Brook T. Moyers ◽  
Lua Lopez ◽  
Jesse R. Lasky ◽  
J. Grey Monroe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Population Genomics ◽  
Frequency Spectra ◽  
Population Genomic ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Trait Locus ◽  
Genomic Regions ◽  
Transplant Experiments

Evidence for adaptation to different climates in the model species Arabidopsis thaliana is seen in reciprocal transplant experiments, but the genetic basis of this adaptation remains poorly understood. Field-based quantitative trait locus (QTL) studies provide direct but low-resolution evidence for the genetic basis of local adaptation. Using high-resolution population genomic approaches, we examine local adaptation along previously identified genetic trade-off (GT) and conditionally neutral (CN) QTLs for fitness between locally adapted Italian and Swedish A. thaliana populations [Ågren J, et al. (2013) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 110:21077–21082]. We find that genomic regions enriched in high FST SNPs colocalize with GT QTL peaks. Many of these high FST regions also colocalize with regions enriched for SNPs significantly correlated to climate in Eurasia and evidence of recent selective sweeps in Sweden. Examining unfolded site frequency spectra across genes containing high FST SNPs suggests GTs may be due to more recent adaptation in Sweden than Italy. Finally, we collapse a list of thousands of genes spanning GT QTLs to 42 genes that likely underlie the observed GTs and explore potential biological processes driving these trade-offs, from protein phosphorylation, to seed dormancy and longevity. Our analyses link population genomic analyses and field-based QTL studies of local adaptation, and emphasize that GTs play an important role in the process of local adaptation.

scholarly journals Local adaptation to precipitation in the perennial grass Elymus elymoides : Trade‐offs between growth and drought resistance traits

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana M. Blumenthal ◽  
Daniel R. LeCain ◽  
Lauren M. Porensky ◽  
Elizabeth A. Leger ◽  
Rowan Gaffney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Elymus Elymoides ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Resistance Traits
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