A Survey of the Literature on Human Capital-Intensive Firms

The aim of this chapter is to provide a survey of the academic research dedicated to human capital-intensive firms (HCIF) both at a theoretical and empirical level. The authors conduct a thematic inventory of the published works in this area to assess the dynamism of the field research and provide an exploratory analysis. They develop a bibliometric analysis based on the three widely used databases (Econlit, Science Direct, and Wiley) over the time period 1992-2018. From a cluster analysis, the chapter draws a portrait of HCIF based on the highlighted distinctive features. It also gets more information on the scope of existing research and the issues, limits, and prospects involved.

КОМУНИКОЛОГИЈА КАО НАСТАВНА ДИСЦИПЛИНА У СТУДИЈСКОМ ПРОГРАМУ ЗА РАЗРЕДНУ НАСТАВУ– ПОТРЕБА И ЗНАЧАЈ

The problem of research is the importance and need for learning communication as a teaching discipline in studies for classroom teaching, which is theoretically studied from the angle of university teaching, study of communication science and reflective practice of teachers and on an empirical level based on students’ perception of classroom teaching. The research started from the general assumption that the contents from communication science are important for performing the teaching profession, but that it is insufficiently studied in the studies for class teaching. We also started from special assumptions that the research will single out the factors that indicate the importance of learning content from communication studies in studies for primary education and that it will be determined that there is no significant difference in students’ assessments of the importance and need for learning content from communication studies. For class teaching depending on the enrolled year of study. In order to determine that, in October 2021, on a sample of 108 students of the Study Program for Classroom Teaching at the Faculty of Teacher Education in Prizren - Leposavic, the research presented in this paper was conducted. Data collected by the CSTD-SCC Scalar (〈 = .845) were processed by factor analysis and analysis of variance. Factor analysis singled out three factors: 1) the diversity of content, 2) the importance of learning and 3) the need to learn content from communication studies in the classroom. Analysis and analysis of variance showed that there is no significant difference in the assessments of primary school students about the importance and need to learn content from communication studies in primary school studies, depending on the enrolled year of study. He concludes that teaching contents in communication science are important for future teachers, that they are differently represented in study programs for classroom teaching in the Republic of Serbia, that students generally agree in assessments of the importance and need to learn communication science in classroom studies, which indicates the need to change and supplements of study programs for class teaching with teaching contents in communication science and the need for professional development of teachers in order to acquire the necessary knowledge in communication science. Keywords: teaching profession, teacher, communication in the classroom, socialcommunication competencies, clear and loud expression, quality listening.

NCC research and the problem of consciousness

One of the reasons why the Neural Correlates of Consciousness Program could appear attractive in the 1990s was that it seemed to disentangle theoretical and empirical problems. Theoretical disagreements could thus be sidestepped in order to focus on empirical research regarding the neural substrate of consciousness. One of the further consequences of this dissociation of empirical and theoretical questions was that fundamental questions regarding the Mind Body Problem or the “Hard Problem of Consciousness” could remain unresolved even if the search for the neural correlates had been successful.Drawing on historical examples, a widely held consensus in the philosophy of science, and actual NCC research we argue that there is no such independence. Moreover, as the dependence between the theoretical and the empirical level is mutual, empirical progress will go hand in hand with theoretical development. Thus, contrary to what the original NCC program suggested, we conclude that NCC research may significantly take advantage from and contribute to theoretical progress in our explanation and understanding of consciousness. Eventually, this might even contribute to a solution of the Hard Problem of Consciousness.

In-group and Out-group: Dynamics of the «Russia – West» Social Distance Online and Offline

The article reveals a theoretical and empirical study of the social distance symbolic scale expressing “in-group” – “out-group” perceptions, expressed in the oppositions “Russia” – “West”, “Russian men – Western men”. According to our observations, the opposition has a negative connotation, which is expressed in a system of geopolitical and mental biases. Through systematic analysis of the geopolitical and mental distancing phenomenon, a complementary system for evaluating individual and collective representations of Russian-speaking respondents in real and virtual spaces is proposed. The authors conducted a controlled Internet survey of 600 people based on a quota sample by gender, age, and level of education; the structure of the sample allowed for a comparative study in the form of a nonreactive study within10 largest ethnic Russian communities of the social network “VKontakte”. As a result of a comprehensive study, it is established, in particular, that the opposition “Russia – West” is unchanged in the historical perspective from 1995 to 2020 and shows negative dynamics, over time acquiring the traits of an increasingly tough confrontation. Economic perceptions of the West’s attitude towards Russia are replaced mainly by the geopolitical perception of relations, due to the dominant “power” attitudes of the survey participants. As it turned out on an empirical level, the system of traditional values inherent in Russian society is opposed to Western postmodern values, and the image of the state at the level of value representations directly correlates with the image of the people, whose perception, along with geopolitics, is influenced by various cultural norms that distinguish Russians from Europeans. The gender and age characteristics of the survey participants determine the content of the answers to a minimal extent, which indirectly indicates the integrity of the image of the West at the level of the national identity of Russians.

Theoretical foundations of constitutional consolidation of the principles of social state and law

The authors of this article analysed doctrinal provisions, as well as Ukrainian constitutional legal practice. The social component of the system of functions of the modern state was studied. The present article analyses the activities of states where an intellectual, political, and practical breakthrough was made in solving the problem of state functions in the context of socio-economic reform. Attention is drawn to the specifics of the implementation of social activities of the Ukrainian state. The methodological framework of this study includes the main general scientific methods, namely socio-economic methods and techniques of the empirical level of cognition, the method of systematic analysis of numerous theoretical provisions on positive law, historical and statistical methods, the method of comparisons and analogies, generalisation methods, an analytical review of the available scientific publications on the subject under study. Furthermore, scientific methods in the field of legal science were also employed, such as normative-logical, comparative legal, historical legal. It was concluded that a social state is a state whose policy has a priority social orientation, which is expressed in the appropriate service of civil society by the state, the creation of necessary and sufficient conditions for the realisation of economic, social, and cultural human rights, the guarantee of its social protection and social security, based on the socio-economic capabilities of the state based on the principles of justice, proportionality, and a harmonious combination (balance) of public and human interests

Determining the Level of Security Culture of the Entity Using the Midified Shalom Schwartz Value Model

Each consciously existing entity has its own unique, hierarchical set of values, helping to make decisions and set directions for action. This power is a security culture, also defined as a set of universal values, attitudes and beliefs. The foundation upon which the security culture grows is the three pillars of security – the three energy streams of the security culture. The objective is to estimate the level of the entity’s security culture and present its structure. The determination of the empirical size of a security culture is made by adapting Shalom Schwartz’s value theory and his ten types of fundamental values. The values placed on the Schwartz circle model are aggregated to the appropriate energy streams of the security culture, and this move allows for empirical determination of the level of the security culture of an individual. The obtained results show the structure of energy streams and determine the empirical level of the subject’s security culture. The approach taken shows that the level of security culture is computable.

ПО НЯТТЯ КУЛЬТУРИ В ПЕРЕКЛАДІ ТА ПЕРЕКЛАДОЗНАВСТВІ: ДО ПИТАННЯ ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ

In the paper, we off er the translatological defi nition of the concept of culture, relevant for literary translation as a culturological phenomenon. We believe that the given defi nition combines the main aspects of its interpretation in culturology, socio-cultural anthropology, and intercultural communication. Such an approach allows outlining cultural background knowledge of the translator, which is necessary, on the one hand, for understanding of the text and, on the other, for the adequate translation of cultural information. The article analyses various theories of the understanding of culture and the tradition of its research in the translation studies, particularly in German translatology. The combination of interpretive, linguistic and translational turns in the cultural sciences is identifi ed as a perspective for translation studies. The attention focuses on the advantages and disadvantages of common interpretations. The paper considers the issues of meaningful and spatial defi nition of the concept of culture. The study characterizes the understanding of culture in the process of intercultural communication and the role of literary translation in it as well as clarifi es the peculiarities of the refl ection of culture in the literary text. The elements of culture that constitute translation problems are both extralinguistic concepts, i.e. phenomena and events that take place in a particular linguocultural community (the culture described by language), and “culturally conditioned” units of language as markers of a particular culture (the culture in language). In this research, we exemplify the possible ways of solving the problem of identifi cation and translation of cultural information in literary translation. It is important to complete a systematic description of culture in literary texts to enable its identifi cation at the macro- and microstructural levels. The article points out the need to consider the issue of identifi cation and translation of cultural information not only at the stage of implementation of the message in the language of translation, but also at the stages of decoding the source text and its recoding. The prospects for further research are outlined, which consist in the operationalization of the concept of culture at the empirical level, a systematic description of cultural manifestations in the source text, and a systematic approach to the reproduction of cultural information in the translated text. Key words: culture, translation studies, intercultural communication, literary translation, literary text.

Who should care? Exploring the views and experiences of individuals in negotiating solutions for health security

PurposeThe Indonesian healthcare system has been reformed in tune with economic and political changes. The reform was pursued by encouraging growing reliance on individual contributions. Consolidating citizens' support has become increasingly important for the long-term sustainability of the programme. This study explores individual views and experiences in negotiating solutions for health security under the situation where pre-industrial modes of informal network remain intact, while private healthcare continues to be in demand by population segments targeted by the system.Design/methodology/approachIndividual attitudes toward the current healthcare system were explored using online interviews (N = 75) in the cities of Jakarta and Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The qualitative exploratory approach resorted to personal views on the importance of the state, family and market in health risk management. Perceptions on who should be responsible for healthcare, and the political legitimacy of the welfare-state approach to healthcare were also observed. A thematic coding strategy was used for the data analysis.FindingsThose interviewed value and support the formal system (either state and market), yet place reliance on informal support (family and relatives). Intertwining views of religious teaching, filial piety, moral obligation were the most common reasons for individuals to support such dual welfare systems. The findings reflect the common attitudes toward welfare in the context of changing realities of individualised society at the early stage.Originality/valueThis article represents a valuable contribution at the empirical level because it provides an assessment of individuals' attitudes toward Indonesia's recent health arrangements. Such individuals are those belonging to the targeted population of the contributory system. This study also offers an alternative framework for understanding the nature of the healthcare regime generated from the perspectives of individuals.

Training of Future Teachers for the Formation of the Competence of Safe Life of the Younger Generation

The article highlights the new conditions of providing future teachers with targeted training to master the competence of safe life for children; the new aspects of the concept of "competence of a person's safe life" is determined, the structural components of the preparedness of future teachers for activities aimed at building a system of conscious actions and actions of the younger generation for self-preservation in all spheres of life are revealed. The purpose of the article is to reveal the need to optimize teacher training to safety aspects of their activities, determine the essence of the formation of competence of safe life of the participants in the educational process and experimentally test new pedagogical conditions of training future teachers to form the competence of safe life of children. To achieve this goal, general scientific methods of theoretical level were used: analysis of scientific literature on the safe existence of the individual, didactic modelling of educational conditions and forecasting of learning outcomes, as well as methods of empirical level: observation, interviews, questionnaires, testing, etc. The results of diagnosing the state of readiness of future teachers for the formation of safe competence in the life of the younger generation are presented. Purposeful work on the development of those indicators of readiness of future teachers to form the competence of safe living of the younger generation, which, according to the diagnosis, were underdeveloped (at low and medium levels), contributed to a significant improvement in EG compared to the results in CG. The international significance of the article is due to the new requirements for school safety in conditions of increased stress, hyperinformation, bullying and other destructive factors requiring scientific solutions. The authors propose a way to optimize educational conditions, which hypothetically should improve the above-mentioned competencies and become the basis for further improvement of life safety, educational and professional activities.

Transferable Neural Network Potential Energy Surfaces for Closed-Shell Organic Molecules: Extension to Ions

Transferable high dimensional neural network potentials (HDNNP) have shown great promise as an avenue to increase the accuracy and domain of applicability of existing atomistic force fields for organic systems relevant to life science. We have previously reported such a potential (Schrödinger-ANI) that has broad coverage of druglike molecules. We extend that work here to cover ionic and zwitterionic druglike molecules expected to be relevant to drug discovery research activities. We report a novel HDNNP architechture, which we call QRNN, that predicts atomic charges and uses these charges as descriptors in an energy model which delivers conformational energies within chemical accuracy when measured against the reference theory it is trained to. Further, we find that delta learning based on a semi-empirical level of theory approximately halves the errors. We test the models on torsion energy profiles, relative conformational energies, geometric parameters and relative tautomer errors.