Robert J. Chandler. San Francisco Lithographer: African American Artist Grafton Tyler Brown. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2014. xvii+264 pp.; 20 black-and-white and 125 color images, checklist, bibliography, index. $36.95.

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-90
Author(s):  
Erika Piola
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Color Images ◽  
Black And White ◽  
University Of Oklahoma ◽  
American Artist

scholarly journals 448. Disproportionate Burden of COVID-19 on Latinx Residents among Hospitalized Patients at San Francisco’s Public Health Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S292-S292
Author(s):  
Vivek Jain ◽  
Lillian B Brown ◽  
Carina Marquez ◽  
Luis Rubio ◽  
Natasha Spottiswoode ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
African American ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Food Service ◽  
Lengths Of Stay ◽  
Hospital Deaths ◽  
Health Hospital ◽  
Disproportionate Burden ◽  
Overall Mortality

Abstract Background San Francisco implemented one of the earliest shelter-in-place public health mandates in the U.S., with flattened curves of diagnoses and deaths. We describe demographics, clinical features and outcomes of COVID-19 patients admitted to a public health hospital in a high population-density city with an early containment response. Methods We analyzed inpatients with COVID-19 admitted to San Francisco General Hospital (SFGH) from 3/5/2020–5/11/2020. SFGH serves a network of >63,000 patients (32% Latinx/24% Asian/19% African American/19% Caucasian). Demographic and clinical data through 5/18/2020 were abstracted from hospital records, along with ICU and ventilator utilization, lengths of stay, and in-hospital deaths. Results Of 157 admitted patients, 105/157 (67%) were male, median age was 49 (range 19-96y), and 127/157 (81%) of patients with COVID-19 were Latinx. Crowded living conditions were common: 60/157 (38%) lived in multi-family shared housing, 12/1578 (8%) with multigenerational families, and 8/157 (5%) were homeless living in shelters. Of 102 patients with ascertained occupations, most had frontline essential jobs: 23% food service, 14% construction/home maintenance, and 10% cleaning. Overall, 86/157 (55%) of patients lived in neighborhoods home to majority Latinx and African-American populations. Overall, 45/157 (29%) of patients needed ICU care, and 26/157 (17%) required mechanical ventilation; 20/26 (77%) of ventilated patients were successfully extubated, and 137/157 (87%) were discharged home. Median hospitalization duration was 4 days (IQR, 2–10), and only 6/157 (4%) patients died in hospital. Conclusion In San Francisco, where early COVID-19 mitigation was enacted, we report a stark, disproportionate COVID-19 burden on Latinx patients, who accounted for 81% of hospitalizations despite making up only 32% of the patient base and 15% of San Francisco’s total population. Latinx inpatients frequently lived in high-density settings, increasing household risk, and frequently worked essential jobs, potentially limiting the opportunity to effectively distance from others. We also report here favorable clinical outcomes and low overall mortality. However, an effective COVID-19 response must urgently address racial and ethnic disparities. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals Color Metallography

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 22-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
George F. Vander Voort
Keyword(s):  
Digital Imaging ◽  
Color Images ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Human Eye ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Color Metallography ◽  
The Cost

Color has historically seen limited use in metallography, mainly due to the cost of film and prints and the difficulty and cost of reproducing images in publications. However, with the growth of digital imaging, capturing color images is much simpler and cheaper. Also, printing images in color is inexpensive for in-house reports, and can be distributed cheaply on CDs, although reproduction in journals is still expensive. Color does have many advantages over black and white. First, the human eye is sensitive to only about forty shades of gray from white to black, but is sensitive to a vast number of colors. Tint etchants reveal features in the microstructure that often cannot be revealed using standard black and white etchants.

Abstract 4428: Similar Response to Spironolactone in Whites and African American Patients with Resistant Hypertension

Circulation ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saima Husain ◽  
Mari K Nishizaka ◽  
Eduardo Pimenta ◽  
Krishna K Gaddam ◽  
Suzanne Oparil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Resistant Hypertension ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Channel Blockers ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Antihypertensive Medications ◽  
Plasma Aldosterone Concentration ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Drug Of Choice

Primary aldosteronism (PA) is a common cause of resistant hypertension with a prevalence of approximately 20%. Spironolactone is the drug of choice for the medical management of patients with PA. Blacks have been reported to have low-renin HTN and respond better to diuretics and calcium channel blockers. Racial differences in response to spironolactone in patients with resistant hypertension have not been previously described. Consecutive subjects referred to the University of Alabama at Birmingham hypertension clinic for resistant hypertension had been evaluated with a plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC), plasma renin activity (PRA), and a 24-hr urine collection for aldosterone, sodium, and potassium during the patient’s usual diet. The BP response to spironolactone was compared retrospectively in patients. For clinical reasons, subjects had been treated with a median dose of 25 mg of spironolactone and the BP response at 6 weeks, 3 and 6 months was compared retrospectively. A total of 117 patients with resistant hypertension were included in the analysis, including 59 white and 58 black subjects. Both groups had a similar number of antihypertensive medications at baseline. PAC, PRA, U-aldo and serum potassium levels were also similar. BP reduction at 6-weeks, 3- and 6-months after treatment with spironolactone was similar in black and white subjects. At 3 months, the mean reduction in systolic BP was −19.5±19.0 and −23.2±20.0 for blacks and whites, respectively (p= 0.321). These data indicate that African American and white subjects with resistant hypertension respond equally well to spironolactone.

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