Safety in numbers: How color morph frequency affects predation risk in an aposematic moth

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swanne Gordon ◽  
Emily Burdfield-Steel ◽  
Jimi Kirvesoja ◽  
Johanna Mappes
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Color Morph ◽  
Safety In Numbers ◽  
Morph Frequency

scholarly journals Island biology and morphological divergence of the Skyros wall lizard Podarcis gaigeae: a combined role for local selection and genetic drift on color morph frequency divergence?

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Runemark ◽  
Bengt Hansson ◽  
Panayiotis Pafilis ◽  
Efstratios D Valakos ◽  
Erik I Svensson
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Drift ◽  
Color Morph ◽  
Morphological Divergence ◽  
Island Biology ◽  
Local Selection ◽  
Morph Frequency

scholarly journals Dispatches from the neighborhood watch: Using citizen science and field survey data to document color morph frequency in space and time

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1526-1538
Author(s):  
Richard M. Lehtinen ◽  
Brian M. Carlson ◽  
Alyssa R. Hamm ◽  
Alexis G. Riley ◽  
Maria M. Mullin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Citizen Science ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Color Morph ◽  
Neighborhood Watch ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Morph Frequency

scholarly journals Do genetic structure and landscape heterogeneity impact color morph frequency in a polymorphic salamander?

Ecography ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 1383-1394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maggie M. Hantak ◽  
Robert B. Page ◽  
Paul E. Converse ◽  
Carl D. Anthony ◽  
Cari‐Ann M. Hickerson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Landscape Heterogeneity ◽  
Color Morph ◽  
Morph Frequency

scholarly journals Rapid phenotypic change in a polymorphic salamander over 43 years

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maggie M. Hantak ◽  
Nicholas A. Federico ◽  
David C. Blackburn ◽  
Robert P. Guralnick
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Phenotypic Change ◽  
Color Morph ◽  
Museum Specimens ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Color Morphs ◽  
Morph Frequency

AbstractColor polymorphic animals offer a unique system for studying intraspecific phenotypic responses to climate change. Discrete color morphs are easy to identify, and correlated trait responses of morphs can indicate how climate warming may facilitate long-term maintenance of polymorphisms. We use a historical dataset spanning 43 years to examine temporal shifts in color morph frequency and body size in response to climate in the Eastern Red-backed Salamander, Plethodon cinereus, which contains a widespread striped/unstriped color polymorphism. We created a pipeline to extract high-throughput trait data from fluid-preserved museum specimens where we batch-photographed salamanders, de-aggregated individual specimens from photographs, and solicited help of community scientists to score color morphs. We used a linear modeling framework that includes information about spatial population structure to demonstrate that color morph frequency and body size vary in response to climate, elevation, and over time, with an overall trend of higher frequency and decreased body size of the striped morph, but increased size of the unstriped morph. These surprising results suggest that morphs may be responding to multiple climate and geographic drivers through co-adapted morphological changes. This work highlights new practices of extracting trait data from museum specimens to demonstrate species phenotypes response to climate change.

Elevated nest predation risk promotes offspring size variation in birds with prolonged parental care.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gretchen F. Wagner ◽  
Emeline Mourocq ◽  
Michael Griesser
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Nest Predation ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Offspring Size ◽  
Natural Predation ◽  
Risk Spreading

Predation of offspring is the main cause of reproductive failure in many species, and the mere fear of offspring predation shapes reproductive strategies. Yet, natural predation risk is ubiquitously variable and can be unpredictable. Consequently, the perceived prospect of predation early in a reproductive cycle may not reflect the actual risk to ensuing offspring. An increased variance in investment across offspring has been linked to breeding in unpredictable environments in several taxa, but has so far been overlooked as a maternal response to temporal variation in predation risk. Here, we experimentally increased the perceived risk of nest predation prior to egg-laying in seven bird species. Species with prolonged parent-offspring associations increased their intra-brood variation in egg, and subsequently offspring, size. High risk to offspring early in a reproductive cycle can favour a risk-spreading strategy particularly in species with the greatest opportunity to even out offspring quality after fledging.

Predation risk during the early life history periods of fishes: separating the effects of size and age

1994 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 105-114
Author(s):  
DR Bertram ◽  
WC Leggett
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Predation Risk ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Early Life History

Product Market Predation Risk and the Value of Cash Holdings

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianxin Daniel Chi ◽  
Xunhua Su
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Cash Holdings ◽  
Product Market ◽  
Value Of Cash
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