A Spatiotemporal-Chaos-Based Encryption Having Overall Properties Considerably Better than Advanced Encryption Standard

Aes Algorithm ◽

Cryptographic Algorithm ◽

Biometric Features ◽

In this paper, we propose a novel cryptographic algorithm namely Symmetric Random Biometric key (SRBK) algorithm. The key for this SRBK algorithm is obtained from two biometric features namely ear and lip. The key generated are flexible and can be altered based on the type of algorithm used. We also consider Advanced encryption standard (AES) algorithm for comparison with SRBK algorithm and finally it was proved that SRBK algorithm is better than AES algorithm on selected parameters.

Improved RC6 Algorithm using Two Types of Chaos Maps

International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology - Regular Issue ◽

10.35940/ijeat.a1075.109119 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 2856-2860

Keyword(s):

Chaotic Maps ◽

Scheduling Algorithm ◽

Key Generation ◽

Key Length ◽

Key Scheduling ◽

RC6 (Rivest cipher 6) is keyblock chipher which consider symmetric imitative from RC5. It was intended to encounter the needs competition of the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) . The aim of this work is to add new security layer to RC6 (Rivest Cipher 6) algorithm, because there is some insufficiency in the Key Scheduling Algorithm (KSA) of RC6. This paper presents improved RC6 (IRC6) key generation based on two types of chaotic maps (Chebyshev,2d logistic) to generate N key to N users. The results prove that the average secrecy of IRC6 is better than of traditional RC6, in which: for 32 bits’ key length, and 256 bits’ plaintext size, the average secrecy of IRC6 is (0.536 - 3.907) while for RC6 is (0.254 constant).

Hardware Rules and Improved S-Box on AES

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.717.849 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 717 ◽

pp. 849-853

Author(s):

Shi Yong Zhang ◽

Gong Liang Chen ◽

Lei Fan ◽

Jian Hua Li

Keyword(s):

Hardware Implementation ◽

The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) was specified in 2001 by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Our attempt is to define the hardware rule about hardware calculation and to find further reduce for the size of AES, by seeking to other normal bases.Finally, we give the result that our hardware implementation is better than the previous results.

Square transposition: an approach to the transposition process in block cipher

Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics ◽

10.11591/eei.v10i6.3129 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 3385-3392

Author(s):

Magdalena A. Ineke Pekereng ◽

Alz Danny Wowor

Keyword(s):

Block Cipher ◽

Data Encryption ◽

Diffusion Effect ◽

Data Encryption Standard ◽

Research Designs ◽

Retrieval Scheme ◽

Standard Information ◽

The transposition process is needed in cryptography to create a diffusion effect on data encryption standard (DES) and advanced encryption standard (AES) algorithms as standard information security algorithms by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The problem with DES and AES algorithms is that their transposition index values form patterns and do not form random values. This condition will certainly make it easier for a cryptanalyst to look for a relationship between ciphertexts because some processes are predictable. This research designs a transposition algorithm called square transposition. Each process uses square 8 × 8 as a place to insert and retrieve 64-bits. The determination of the pairing of the input scheme and the retrieval scheme that have unequal flow is an important factor in producing a good transposition. The square transposition can generate random and non-pattern indices so that transposition can be done better than DES and AES.

Symmetric Random Biometric Key (Srbk) Based Cryptography

International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology - Regular Issue ◽

10.35940/ijeat.f1067.0886s19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (6S) ◽

pp. 321-327

Keyword(s):

Aes Algorithm ◽

Cryptographic Algorithm ◽

Biometric Features ◽

In this paper, we propose a novel cryptographic algorithm namely Symmetric Random Biometric key (SRBK) algorithm. The key for this SRBK algorithm is obtained from two biometric features namely ear and lip. The key generated are flexible and can be altered based on the type of algorithm used. We also consider Advanced encryption standard (AES)algorithm for comparison with SRBK algorithm and finally it was proved that SRBK algorithm is better than AES algorithm on selected parameters

Time and Latitude in South Africa

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100026816 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 27-38

Author(s):

J. Hers

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Cape Town ◽

Astronomical Observations ◽

Royal Observatory ◽

The Republic ◽

Astronomical Determination ◽

Limited Accuracy ◽

In South Africa the modern outlook towards time may be said to have started in 1948. Both the two major observatories, The Royal Observatory in Cape Town and the Union Observatory (now known as the Republic Observatory) in Johannesburg had, of course, been involved in the astronomical determination of time almost from their inception, and the Johannesburg Observatory has been responsible for the official time of South Africa since 1908. However the pendulum clocks then in use could not be relied on to provide an accuracy better than about 1/10 second, which was of the same order as that of the astronomical observations. It is doubtful if much use was made of even this limited accuracy outside the two observatories, and although there may – occasionally have been a demand for more accurate time, it was certainly not voiced.

Localization of immunolabels by electron microscopy and image averaging

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100075208 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

pp. 282-283

Author(s):

J. Frank ◽

P.-Y. Sizaret ◽

A. Verschoor ◽

J. Lamy

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Single Particle ◽

Attachment Site ◽

Uranyl Acetate ◽

Limulus Polyphemus ◽

Resolution Limit ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Image Averaging ◽

Top View ◽

The accuracy with which the attachment site of immunolabels bound to macromolecules may be localized in electron microscopic images can be considerably improved by using single particle averaging. The example studied in this work showed that the accuracy may be better than the resolution limit imposed by negative staining (∽2nm).The structure used for this demonstration was a halfmolecule of Limulus polyphemus (LP) hemocyanin, consisting of 24 subunits grouped into four hexamers. The top view of this structure was previously studied by image averaging and correspondence analysis. It was found to vary according to the flip or flop position of the molecule, and to the stain imbalance between diagonally opposed hexamers (“rocking effect”). These findings have recently been incorporated into a model of the full 8 × 6 molecule.LP hemocyanin contains eight different polypeptides, and antibodies specific for one, LP II, were used. Uranyl acetate was used as stain. A total of 58 molecule images (29 unlabelled, 29 labelled with antl-LPII Fab) showing the top view were digitized in the microdensitometer with a sampling distance of 50μ corresponding to 6.25nm.

Closing the GAP—A 5Å Scanning Microscope

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100061938 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 27 ◽

pp. 6-7

Author(s):

A. V. Crewe

Keyword(s):

Normal Form ◽

The Other ◽

Resolving Power ◽

Scanning Microscope ◽

Conventional Microscope ◽

Other Hand ◽

Closing The Gap ◽

Thermal Sources ◽

Better Than ◽

Transmission Microscope

We have become accustomed to differentiating between the scanning microscope and the conventional transmission microscope according to the resolving power which the two instruments offer. The conventional microscope is capable of a point resolution of a few angstroms and line resolutions of periodic objects of about 1Å. On the other hand, the scanning microscope, in its normal form, is not ordinarily capable of a point resolution better than 100Å. Upon examining reasons for the 100Å limitation, it becomes clear that this is based more on tradition than reason, and in particular, it is a condition imposed upon the microscope by adherence to thermal sources of electrons.

Electron Microscopic Observation of the Longitudinal Organization of Poly (p-Phenylene Terephthalamide) Fibers

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100055734 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 40 ◽

pp. 680-681

Author(s):

Li Li-Sheng ◽

L.F. Allard ◽

W.C. Bigelow

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Mechanical Properties ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Microscopic Observation ◽

Electron Microscopic Observation ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Aromatic Polyamides ◽

Radial Arrangement ◽

Scanning Electron ◽

The aromatic polyamides form a class of fibers having mechanical properties which are much better than those of aliphatic polyamides. Currently, the accepted morphology of these fibers as proposed by M.G. Dobb, et al. is a radial arrangement of pleated sheets, with the plane of the pleats parallel to the axis of the fiber. We have recently obtained evidence which supports a different morphology of this type of fiber, using ultramicrotomy and ion-thinning techniques to prepare specimens for transmission and scanning electron microscopy.

A High Angle, Double Tilting Cold Stage for the AEI EM7

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100052262 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 450-451

Author(s):

P.R. Swann ◽

A.E. Lloyd

Keyword(s):

Habit Plane ◽

Temperature Control ◽

Tilt Angle ◽

Cooling System ◽

Thermal Drift ◽

High Angle ◽

Cold Stage ◽

High Degree ◽

Figure 1 shows the design of a specimen stage used for the in situ observation of phase transformations in the temperature range between ambient and −160°C. The design has the following features a high degree of specimen stability during tilting linear tilt actuation about two orthogonal axes for accurate control of tilt angle read-out high angle tilt range for stereo work and habit plane determination simple, robust construction temperature control of better than ±0.5°C minimum thermal drift and transmission of vibration from the cooling system.