Generation of stable and tunable optical frequency linked to a radio frequency by use of a high finesse cavity and its application in absorption spectroscopy

Abstract The laser frequency could be linked to an radio frequency through an external cavity by the combination of Pound-Drever-Hall and Devoe-Brewer locking techniques. A stable and tunable optical frequency at wavelength of 1.5 μm obtained by a cavity with high finesse of 96,000 and a fiber laser, calibrated by a commercial optical frequency comb, has been demonstrated. The locking performances have been analyzed by in-loop and out-loop noises, indicating that the absolute frequency instability could be down to 50 kHz over 1 s and keep to less than 110 kHz over 2.5 h. Then, the application of this stabilized laser to the direct absorption spectroscopy has been performed. With the help of balanced detection, the detection sensitivity, in terms of optical density, can reach to 9.4×10-6.

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Frequency microcomb stabilization via dual-microwave control

Communications Physics ◽

10.1038/s42005-021-00573-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Abhinav Kumar Vinod ◽

Shu-Wei Huang ◽

Jinghui Yang ◽

Mingbin Yu ◽

Dim-Lee Kwong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Noise Suppression ◽

Frequency Comb ◽

Frequency Instability ◽

Laser Frequency ◽

Low Noise ◽

Optical Frequency ◽

Great Success ◽

Frequency Combs ◽

External Frequency ◽

Microwave Control

AbstractOptical frequency comb technology has been the cornerstone for scientific breakthroughs in precision metrology. In particular, the unique phase-coherent link between microwave and optical frequencies solves the long-standing puzzle of precision optical frequency synthesis. While the current bulk mode-locked laser frequency comb has had great success in extending the scientific frontier, its use in real-world applications beyond the laboratory setting remains an unsolved challenge due to the relatively large size, weight and power consumption. Recently microresonator-based frequency combs have emerged as a candidate solution with chip-scale implementation and scalability. The wider-system precision control and stabilization approaches for frequency microcombs, however, requires external nonlinear processes and multiple peripherals which constrain their application space. Here we demonstrate an internal phase-stabilized frequency microcomb that does not require nonlinear second-third harmonic generation nor optical external frequency references. We demonstrate that the optical frequency can be stabilized by control of two internally accessible parameters: an intrinsic comb offset ξ and the comb spacing frep. Both parameters are phase-locked to microwave references, with phase noise residuals of 55 and 20 mrad respectively, and the resulting comb-to-comb optical frequency uncertainty is 80 mHz or less. Out-of-loop measurements confirm good coherence and stability across the comb, with measured optical frequency instability of 2 × 10−11 at 20-second gate time. Our measurements are supported by analytical theory including the cavity-induced modulation instability. We further describe an application of our technique in the generation of low noise microwaves and demonstrate noise suppression of the repetition rate below the microwave stabilization limit achieved.

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Controlling and Phase‐Locking a THz Quantum Cascade Laser Frequency Comb by Small Optical Frequency Tuning

Laser & Photonics Review ◽

10.1002/lpor.202000417 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 2000417

Author(s):

Luigi Consolino ◽

Annamaria Campa ◽

Michele De Regis ◽

Francesco Cappelli ◽

Giacomo Scalari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quantum Cascade Laser ◽

Frequency Tuning ◽

Frequency Comb ◽

Phase Locking ◽

Laser Frequency ◽

Optical Frequency ◽

Quantum Cascade

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Realisation of the metre by using a femtosecond laser frequency comb: applications in optical frequency metrology

International Journal of Metrology and Quality Engineering ◽

10.1051/ijmqe/2017008 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 16

Author(s):

Bousselham Samoudi

Keyword(s):

Femtosecond Laser ◽

Frequency Comb ◽

Laser Frequency ◽

Optical Frequency ◽

Optical Frequency Metrology ◽

Frequency Metrology

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Detection of OH in an atmospheric flame at 1.5 um using optical frequency comb spectroscopy

Photonics Letters of Poland ◽

10.4302/plp.2016.4.07 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 110 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Lucile Rutkowski ◽

Alexandra C. Johansson ◽

Damir Valiev ◽

Amir Khodabakhsh ◽

Arkadiusz Tkacz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Absorption Spectroscopy ◽

Near Infrared ◽

Frequency Comb ◽

Chem Phys ◽

Optical Frequency Comb ◽

Optical Frequency ◽

Enhanced Absorption ◽

Laser Absorption ◽

Cavity Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy ◽

Cavity Ring Down

We report broadband detection of OH in a premixed CH4/air flat flame at atmospheric pressure using cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy based on an Er:fiber femtosecond laserand a Fourier transform spectrometer.By taking ratios of spectra measured at different heights above the burner we separate twenty OH transitions from the largely overlapping water background. Weretrieve from fits to the OH lines the relative variation of the OH concentration and flame temperature with height above the burner and compare them with 1-D simulations of the flamestructure. Full Text: PDF ReferencesG. Meijer, M. G. Boogaarts, R. T. Jongma, D. H. Parker and A. M. Wodtke, "Coherent cavity ring down spectroscopy", Chem. Phys. Lett. 217, 1, 112 (1994). CrossRef S. Cheskis, I. Derzy, V. A. Lozovsky, A. Kachanov and D. Romanini, "Cavity ring-down spectroscopy of OH radicals in low pressure flame", Appl. Phys. B 66, 3, 377 (1998). CrossRef X. Mercier, E. Therssen, J. F. Pauwels and P. Desgroux, "Cavity ring-down measurements of OH radical in atmospheric premixed and diffusion flames.: A comparison with laser-induced fluorescence and direct laser absorption", Chem. Phys. Lett. 299, 1, 75 (1999). CrossRef J. Scherer, D. Voelkel and D. Rakestraw, "Infrared cavity ringdown laser absorption spectroscopy (IR-CRLAS) in low pressure flames", Appl. Phys. B 64, 6, 699 (1997). CrossRef R. Peeters, G. Berden and G. Meijer, "Near-infrared cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy of hot water and OH in an oven and in flames", Appl. Phys. B 73, 1, 65 (2001). CrossRef T. Aizawa, "Diode-laser wavelength-modulation absorption spectroscopy for quantitative in situ measurements of temperature and OH radical concentration in combustion gases", Appl. Opt. 40, 27, 4894 (2001). CrossRef B. Löhden, S. Kuznetsova, K. Sengstock, V. M. Baev, et al., "Fiber laser intracavity absorption spectroscopy for in situ multicomponent gas analysis in the atmosphere and combustion environments", Appl. Phys. B 102, 2, 331 (2011). CrossRef A. Matynia, M. Idir, J. Molet, C. Roche, et al., "Absolute OH concentration profiles measurements in high pressure counterflow flames by coupling LIF, PLIF, and absorption techniques", Appl. Phys. B 108, 2, 393 (2012). CrossRef R. S. Watt, T. Laurila, C. F. Kaminski and J. Hult, "Cavity Enhanced Spectroscopy of High-Temperature H2O in the Near-Infrared Using a Supercontinuum Light Source", Appl. Spectrosc. 63, 12, 1389 (2009). CrossRef C. Abd Alrahman, A. Khodabakhsh, F. M. Schmidt, Z. Qu and A. Foltynowicz, "Cavity-enhanced optical frequency comb spectroscopy of high-temperature H2O in a flame", Opt. Express 22, 11, 13889 (2014). CrossRef A. Foltynowicz, P. Maslowski, A. J. Fleisher, B. J. Bjork and J. Ye, "Cavity-enhanced optical frequency comb spectroscopy in the mid-infrared application to trace detection of hydrogen peroxide", Appl. Phys. B 110, 2, 163 (2013). CrossRef Z. Qu, R. Ghorbani, D. Valiev and F. M. Schmidt, "Calibration-free scanned wavelength modulation spectroscopy ? application to H2O and temperature sensing in flames", Opt. Express 23, 12, 16492 (2015). CrossRef L. Rutkowski, A. Khodabakhsh, A. C. Johansson, D. M. Valiev, et al., "Measurement of H2O and OH in a Flame by Optical Frequency Comb Spectroscopy", CLEO: Science and Innovations SW4H.8 (2016). CrossRef L. S. Rothman, I. E. Gordon, Y. Babikov, A. Barbe, et al., "The HITRAN2012 molecular spectroscopic database", J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. 130, 4 (2013). CrossRef

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All polarization-maintaining Er:fiber-based optical frequency comb for frequency comparison of optical clocks

Chinese Physics B ◽

10.1088/1674-1056/ac40f6 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Zhang Pan ◽

Zhang Yan-Yan ◽

Li Ming-Kun ◽

Rao Bing-Jie ◽

Yan Lu-Lu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Frequency Comb ◽

Signal To Noise Ratio ◽

Frequency Instability ◽

Optical Frequency Comb ◽

Optical Frequency ◽

Thermal Drift ◽

Signal To Noise ◽

Frequency Comparison ◽

Polarization Maintaining

Abstract In this research, we demonstrate an optical frequency comb (OFC) based on a turnkey mode-locked laser with a figure-9 structure and polarization-maintaining fibers for frequency comparison between optical clocks with wavelengths of 698 nm, 729 nm, 1068 nm and 1156 nm. We adopt a multi-branch approach in order to produce high power OFC signals at these specific wavelengths, enabling the signal-to-noise ratio of the beatnotes between the OFC and the clock lasers beyond 30 dB at a resolution bandwidth of 300 kHz. This approach makes the supercontinuum spectra generating process much easier in comparison to a single branch OFC; however, more out-of-loop fibers degrade the long term frequency instability due to thermal drift. To minimize the thermal drift effect, we set the fiber lengths of different branches to be similar, and we stabilize the temperature as well. The out-of-loop frequency instability of the OFC due to the incoherence of the multi-branch is about 5.5×10-19 @ 4000 s, while the in-loop frequency instability of f ceo and that of f beat are 7.5×10-18 @1 s and 8.5×10-18 @1 s, respectively. The turnkey OFC meets the requirement of frequency comparison between the best optical clocks.

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