Weighted neurofeedback facilitates greater self-regulation of functional connectivity between the primary motor area and cerebellum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Vargas ◽  
Ranganatha Sitaram ◽  
Pradyumna Sepúlveda ◽  
Cristian Montalba ◽  
Mohit Rana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Motor Area ◽  
Primary Motor Area

scholarly journals Multimodal 3D atlas of the macaque monkey motor and premotor cortex

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucija Rapan ◽  
Sean Froudist-Walsh ◽  
Meiqi Niu ◽  
Ting Xu ◽  
Thomas Funck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Motor Area ◽  
Connectivity Pattern ◽  
List Type ◽  
Primary Motor Area ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Premotor Areas ◽  
Motor Areas

ABSTRACTIn the present study we reevaluated the parcellation scheme of the macaque frontal agranular cortex by implementing quantitative cytoarchitectonic and multireceptor analyses, with the purpose to integrate and reconcile the discrepancies between previously published maps of this region.We applied an observer-independent and statistically testable approach to determine the position of cytoarchitectonic borders. Analysis of the regional and laminar distribution patterns of 13 different transmitter receptors confirmed the position of cytoarchitectonically identified borders. Receptor densities were extracted from each area and visualized as its “receptor fingerprint”. Hierarchical and principal components analyses were conducted to detect clusters of areas according to the degree of (dis)similarity of their fingerprints. Finally, functional connectivity pattern of each identified area was analyzed with areas of prefrontal, cingulate, somatosensory and lateral parietal cortex and the results were depicted as “connectivity fingerprints” and seed-to-vertex connectivity maps.We identified 16 cyto- and receptor architectonically distinct areas, including novel subdivisions of the primary motor area 4 (i.e. 4a, 4p, 4m) and of premotor areas F4 (i.e. F4s, F4d, F4v), F5 (i.e. F5s, F5d, F5v) and F7 (i.e. F7d, F7i, F7s). Multivariate analyses of receptor fingerprints revealed three clusters, which first segregated the subdivisions of area 4 with F4d and F4s from the remaining premotor areas, then separated ventrolateral from dorsolateral and medial premotor areas. The functional connectivity analysis revealed that medial and dorsolateral premotor and motor areas show stronger functional connectivity with areas involved in visual processing, whereas 4p and ventrolateral premotor areas presented a stronger functional connectivity with areas involved in somatomotor responses.For the first time, we provide a 3D atlas integrating cyto- and multi-receptor architectonic features of the macaque motor and premotor cortex. This atlas constitutes a valuable resource for the analysis of functional experiments carried out with non-human primates, for modeling approaches with realistic synaptic dynamics, as well as to provide insights into how brain functions have developed by changes in the underlying microstructure and encoding strategies during evolution.HighlightsMultimodal analysis of macaque motor and premotor cortex reveals novel parcellation3D atlas with cyto- and multireceptor architectonic features of 16 (pre)motor areasPrimary motor area 4 is cyto- and receptor architectonically heterogeneous(Pre)motor areas differ in their functional connectivity fingerprints

scholarly journals Resting State Functional Connectivity Predicts Future Changes in Sedentary Behavior

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy P. Morris ◽  
Aaron Kucyi ◽  
Sheeba Arnold Anteraper ◽  
Maiya Rachel Geddes ◽  
Alfonso Nieto-Castañon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Supplementary Motor Area ◽  
Anterior Insula ◽  
Motor Area ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Sedentary Behaviors ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
The Right

AbstractInformation about a person’s available energy resources is integrated in daily behavioral choices that weigh motor costs against expected rewards. It has been posited that humans have an innate attraction towards effort minimization and that executive control is required to overcome this prepotent disposition. With sedentary behaviors increasing at the cost of millions of dollars spent in health care and productivity losses due to physical inactivity-related deaths, understanding the predictors of sedentary behaviors will improve future intervention development and precision medicine approaches. In 64 healthy older adults participating in a 6-month aerobic exercise intervention, we use neuroimaging (resting state functional connectivity), baseline measures of executive function and accelerometer measures of time spent sedentary to predict future changes in objectively measured time spent sedentary in daily life. Using cross-validation and bootstrap resampling, our results demonstrate that functional connectivity between 1) the anterior cingulate cortex and the supplementary motor area and 2) the right anterior insula and the left temporoparietal/temporooccipital junction, predict changes in time spent sedentary, whereas baseline cognitive, behavioral and demographic measures do not. Previous research has shown activation in and between the anterior cingulate and supplementary motor area as well as in the right anterior insula during effort avoidance and tasks that integrate motor costs and reward benefits in effort-based decision making. Our results add important knowledge toward understanding mechanistic associations underlying complex sedentary behaviors.

scholarly journals Algebra dissociates from arithmetic in the brain semantic network

2022 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dazhi Cheng ◽  
Mengyi Li ◽  
Jiaxin Cui ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Naiyi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Supplementary Motor Area ◽  
Semantic Network ◽  
Brain Activation ◽  
Motor Area ◽  
Angular Gyrus ◽  
Single Trial ◽  
Positive Functional ◽  
Brain Behavior ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Background Mathematical expressions mainly include arithmetic (such as 8 − (1 + 3)) and algebra (such as a − (b + c)). Previous studies have shown that both algebraic processing and arithmetic involved the bilateral parietal brain regions. Although previous studies have revealed that algebra was dissociated from arithmetic, the neural bases of the dissociation between algebraic processing and arithmetic is still unclear. The present study uses functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to identify the specific brain networks for algebraic and arithmetic processing. Methods Using fMRI, this study scanned 30 undergraduates and directly compared the brain activation during algebra and arithmetic. Brain activations, single-trial (item-wise) interindividual correlation and mean-trial interindividual correlation related to algebra processing were compared with those related to arithmetic. The functional connectivity was analyzed by a seed-based region of interest (ROI)-to-ROI analysis. Results Brain activation analyses showed that algebra elicited greater activation in the angular gyrus and arithmetic elicited greater activation in the bilateral supplementary motor area, left insula, and left inferior parietal lobule. Interindividual single-trial brain-behavior correlation revealed significant brain-behavior correlations in the semantic network, including the middle temporal gyri, inferior frontal gyri, dorsomedial prefrontal cortices, and left angular gyrus, for algebra. For arithmetic, the significant brain-behavior correlations were located in the phonological network, including the precentral gyrus and supplementary motor area, and in the visuospatial network, including the bilateral superior parietal lobules. For algebra, significant positive functional connectivity was observed between the visuospatial network and semantic network, whereas for arithmetic, significant positive functional connectivity was observed only between the visuospatial network and phonological network. Conclusion These findings suggest that algebra relies on the semantic network and conversely, arithmetic relies on the phonological and visuospatial networks.

scholarly journals Disturbed Resting-State Whole-Brain Functional Connectivity of Striatal Subregions in Bulimia Nervosa

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 356-365
Author(s):  
Li Wang ◽  
Kun Bi ◽  
Zhou Song ◽  
Zhe Zhang ◽  
Ke Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Sensorimotor Cortex ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
Primary Sensorimotor Cortex

Abstract Background Disturbed self-regulation, taste reward, as well as somatosensory and visuospatial processes were thought to drive binge eating and purging behaviors that characterize bulimia nervosa. Although studies have implicated a central role of the striatum in these dysfunctions, there have been no direct investigations on striatal functional connectivity in bulimia nervosa from a network perspective. Methods We calculated the functional connectivity of striatal subregions based on the resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging data of 51 bulimia nervosa patients and 53 healthy women. Results Compared with the healthy women, bulimia nervosa patients showed increased positive functional connectivity in bilateral striatal nuclei and thalamus for nearly all of the striatal subregions, and increased negative functional connectivity in bilateral primary sensorimotor cortex and occipital areas for both ventral striatum and putamen subregions. Only for the putamen subregions, we observed reduced negative functional connectivity in the prefrontal (bilateral superior and middle frontal gyri) and parietal (right inferior parietal lobe and precuneus) areas. Several striatal connectivities with occipital and primary sensorimotor cortex significantly correlated with the severity of bulimia. Conclusions The findings indicate bulimia nervosa-related alterations in striatal functional connectivity with the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex supporting self-regulation, the subcortical striatum and thalamus involved in taste reward, as well as the visual occipital and sensorimotor regions mediating body image, which contribute to our understanding of neural circuitry of bulimia nervosa and encourage future therapeutic developments for bulimia nervosa by modulating striatal pathway.

FUNCTIONAL IDENTIFICATION OF THE PRIMARY MOTOR AREA BY CORTICOSPINAL TRACTOGRAPHY

Neurosurgery ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 61 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. ONS-98-ONS-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyousuke Kamada ◽  
Yutaka Sawamura ◽  
Fumiya Takeuchi ◽  
Hideaki Kawaguchi ◽  
Shinya Kuriki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Area ◽  
Functional Identification ◽  
Primary Motor Area

Recovery from complete hemiplegia following resection of a retrocentral metastasis: the prognostic value of intraoperative cortical stimulation

2001 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 1050-1052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugues Duffau
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Resection ◽  
Prognostic Indicator ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Motor Area ◽  
Primary Motor Area ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Motor Responses ◽  
Motor Mapping ◽  
Intraoperative Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The goal in this study was to determine if intraoperative electrical stimulation mapping is useful during surgical resection of lesions located in the central region, even in cases of preoperative hemiplegia. This 45-year-old man with a retrocentral metastasis from an embryonal carcinoma of the testis suffered an acute complete hemiplegia after intratumoral bleeding. Emergency surgery was performed with the aid of intraoperative motor mapping despite the preoperative deficit. Cortical stimulations (CSs) elicited motor responses, allowing the detection and hence preservation of the primary motor area during tumor removal. Postoperatively, the patient recovered almost completely within 1 week; the tumor resection was total. It is possible that CSs give an early and valuable prognostic indicator of motor recovery in cases of complete hemiplegia, at least in patients with acute onset and short duration of the deficit. Consequently, if motor responses can be elicited by CSs, it becomes mandatory for the surgeon to respect the primary motor area despite the preoperative hemiplegia, with the aim of preserving the chances of an eventual recovery.

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