scholarly journals The Influence of Service Mode on Indoor Environment and HVAC Systems in General Hospital in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 1838 (1) ◽  
pp. 012054
Author(s):  
Min Chen ◽  
Jiafu Gong
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Hvac Systems ◽  
Service Mode

scholarly journals Barriers on Establishing Passive Strategies in Office Spaces: A Case Study in a Historic University Building

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4563
Author(s):  
Nuno Baía Baía Saraiva ◽  
Luisa Dias Dias Pereira ◽  
Adélio Rodrigues Gaspar ◽  
José Joaquim da Costa
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Hvac Systems ◽  
Heritage Buildings ◽  
Full Capacity ◽  
Free Cooling ◽  
Passive Strategies ◽  
The University ◽  
Indoor Conditions

The adaptation of spaces to different usage typologies can be complex in heritage buildings. Facilities were initially planned for a specific type of use that, when changed, require additional measures to ensure a suitable indoor environment. Passive strategies—e.g., free cooling—are commonly used as an alternative without requiring equipment installation. However, its implementation often leads to unsatisfactory conditions. Therefore, it is important to clarify the main barriers to achieving thermal comfort in readapted historic buildings. The present work investigates the thermal comfort conditions reported by workers in office spaces of a historic building in the University of Coimbra. A monitoring campaign was carried out between May and September 2020 to assess indoor conditions’ quality. Due to the current pandemic of COVID-19, offices were not occupied at full capacity. A one-day evaluation of thermal comfort was made using a climate analyzer and six occupants were surveyed on 19 August 2020. The main results highlighted discomfort due to overheating of spaces. The causes were related to the combination of inadequate implementation of the free cooling actions and the building use. Furthermore, it was recommended the installation of HVAC systems in case of full capacity.

scholarly journals Impact of high residential density on the building technology, HVAC systems, and indoor environment in Swedish apartments

2020 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. 09003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akram Abdul Hamid ◽  
Jenny von Platten ◽  
Kristina Mjörnell ◽  
Dennis Johansson ◽  
Hans Bagge
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Ventilation Rate ◽  
Hvac Systems ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
Residential Density ◽  
Indoor Climate ◽  
Housing Shortage ◽  
Technical Parameters ◽  
Building Technology ◽  
Combat Problems

During the last few years, there has been an increased number of overcrowded apartments, due to increased migration but also housing shortage in general, particularly in the suburbs to major cities. The question is how the indoor environment in these apartments is affected by the high number of persons and how the problems related to high residential density can be overcome. This paper aims to specify the problem by investigating and analysing the technical parameters influenced by residential density in Swedish apartments built between 1965-1974. To map the situation, 11 interviews with employees at housing companies were conducted. Based on extreme conditions described in the interviews, simulations of the indoor climate and moisture risks at some vulnerable parts of constructions were made. Simulations were focused on moisture loads and CO2 concentrations as functions of residential density and ventilation rate. Finally, measures to combat problems associated to overcrowding are suggested. The aim is that the results should be used by authorities to formulate incentives and/or recommendations for housing companies to take actions to ensure a good indoor environment for all, irrespective of residential density conditions.

Why, when and how do HVAC-systems pollute the indoor environment and what to do about it? the European AIRLESS project

2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philomena M Bluyssen ◽  
Christian Cox ◽  
Olli Seppänen ◽  
Eduardo de Oliveira Fernandes ◽  
Geo Clausen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Hvac Systems

scholarly journals Larvae of Forensically Important Flies associated with Rabbit Carcasses Placed in a Closed Room in Kuching, Sarawak

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1(Special)) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Robin Maramat ◽  
Norliza Ibrahim ◽  
Marlini Othman ◽  
Nor Aliza Abdul Rahim
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Forensic Medicine ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Decomposition Process ◽  
Medicine Department ◽  
First Report ◽  
Decay Stage ◽  
Fly Larvae ◽  
Dark Room

Introduction: This is the first report on insects associated with rabbit carcasses in indoor environment in Kuching, Sarawak. Methods: This study was conducted on June till August of 2016. Rabbit carcasses (Oryctolagous cuniculus) which were used as the animal model, were placed inside a dark room in a building at Forensic Medicine Department in Sarawak General Hospital. The fly larvae infesting on the carcasses were collected until the decomposition process completed. Throughout the 15 days of experiment, the fly larvae were sampled on the carcasses indoor at 28.9 ± 0.3 °C and 69.6 ± 1.0% humidity. Results: The fly larvae activity was observed during the active decay stage and was identified as Synthesiomyia nudiseta (van der Wulp, 1883) (Diptera: Muscidae) and Sarcophaga spp. (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Only these two species were found co-existing on the carcasses. Conclusions:  S. nudiseta and Sarcophaga spp. could be used as an entomological evidence involving indoor cases in Kuching, Sarawak because both species were dominant and active carcass decomposers in indoor environment.

scholarly journals The Role of Air Conditioning in the Diffusion of Sars-CoV-2 in Indoor Environments: a First Computational Fluid Dynamic Model, based on Investigations performed at the Vatican State Childrens Hospital.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Borro ◽  
Lorenzo Mazzei ◽  
Massimiliano Raponi ◽  
Prisco Piscitelli ◽  
Alessandro Miani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Hvac Systems ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Hospital Room ◽  
Childrens Hospital ◽  
Infection Index ◽  
Indoor Scenarios ◽  
Ventilation Systems

Background: About 15 million people worldwide were affected by the Sars-Cov-2 infection, which already caused 600,000 deaths. This virus is mainly transmitted through exhalations from the airways of infected persons, so that Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems might play a role in spreading the infection in indoor environments. Methods: We modelled the role of HVAC systems in the diffusion of the contagion through a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations of cough at the Vatican State childrens hospital Bambino Gesu. Both waiting rooms and hospital rooms were modeled as indoor scenarios. A specific Infection-Index parameter was used to estimate the amount of contaminated air inhaled by each person present in the simulated indoor scenarios. The potential role of exhaust air ventilation systems placed above the coughing patients mouth was also assessed. Results: Our CFD-based simulations show that HVAC air-flow remarkably enhance infected droplets diffusion in the whole indoor environment within 25 seconds from the cough event, despite the observed dilution of saliva particles containing the virus. In the waiting room simulation, Infection-Index parameter increases the faster the higher the HVAC airflow. Greater flows of air conditioning correspond to greater diffusion of the infected droplets. The proper use of Local Exhaust Ventilation systems (LEV) simulated in the hospital room was associated to a complete reduction of infected droplets spreading from the patient s mouth in the first 0.5 seconds following the cough event. In the hospital room, the use of LEV system completely reduced the index computed for the patient hospitalized at the bed next to the spreader, with a decreased possibility of contagion. Conclusions: CFD-based simulations for indoor environment can be useful to optimize air conditioning flow and to predict the contagion risk both in hospitals/ambulatories and in other public/private settings.

Energy Efficiency, Air Quality, and Comfort in Air-Conditioned Spaces

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramiz Kameel ◽  
Essam E. Khalil
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Evaluation Study ◽  
Hvac Systems ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Intelligent Technique ◽  
Numerical Tools ◽  
Artificial Intelligent Technique

To design an optimum HVAC airside system that provides comfort and air quality in the air-conditioned spaces with efficient energy consumption is a great challenge. This paper evaluates recent progresses of HVAC airside design for the airconditioned spaces. The present evaluation study defines the current status, future requirements, and expectations. It has been found that, the experimental investigations should be considered in the new trend of studies, not to validate the numerical tools only, but also to provide a complete database of the airflow characteristics in the air-conditioned spaces. Based on this analysis and the vast progress of computers and associated software, the artificial intelligent technique will be a competitor candidate to the experimental and numerical techniques. Finally, the researches that relate between the different designs of the HVAC systems and energy consumption should concern with the optimization of airside design as the expected target to enhance the indoor environment.

Development of an indoor environment evaluation model for heating, ventilation and air-conditioning control system of office buildings in subtropical region considering indoor health and thermal comfort

2021 ◽  
pp. 1420326X2110355
Author(s):  
Miaohong Huang ◽  
Yundan Liao
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Hvac Systems ◽  
Humid Climate ◽  
Weighting Factors

Office occupants spend most of their time in an enclosed indoor environment, controlled by heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems especially in subtropical regions owing to the hot and humid climate. A reasonable indoor environment evaluation model is necessary to achieve the reliable control of HVAC systems that satisfies the occupants’ health and comfort needs. However, traditional HVAC systems are controlled based on a simple index that does not consider the synthesis of indoor air quality, thermal comfort and occupant preferences. In this paper, we develop a comprehensive evaluation model that encompasses these three aspects based on field survey. Field surveys were conducted to investigate indoor environmental conditions and preferences of the occupants. Collected data were then verified for model hypothesis rationality and reviewed to identify weighting factors using Pearson and regression analysis. Results showed that these parameters had significant correlations without noticeable collinearity and can be integrated using regression method. The weighting factors of each parameter were calculated using occupants’ sensation and expectation to reflect the subjective preferences in model. Finally, an evaluation model expressing the indoor thermal, air quality and occupant preferences was developed to provide an HVAC intelligent control system that is more responsive to occupant needs.

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