Development of atenolol-tin complexes as PVC photostabilizers for outdoor applications

Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) suffers from photo-xidation and photodegradation when exposed to harsh conditions. Application of PVC thus relies on the development of ever more efficient photostabilizers. The current research reports the synthesis of new complexes of tin and their assessment as poly(vinyl chloride) photostabilizers. The three new complexes were obtained in high yields from reaction of 4-(benzylideneamino)benzenesulfonamide and tin chlorides. Their structures were elucidated using different tools. The complexes were mixed with poly(vinyl chloride) at a very low concentration and thin films were made from the blends. The effectiveness of the tin complexes as photostabilizers has been established using a variety of methods. The new tin complexes led to a decrease in weight loss, formation of small residues, molecular weight depression, and surface alteration of poly(vinyl chloride) after irradiation. The additives act by absorption of ultraviolet light, removal the active chlorine produced through a dehydrochlorination process, decomposition of peroxides, and coordination with the polymeric chains. The triphenyltin complex showed the greatest stabilizing effect against PVC photodegradation as a result of its high aromaticity.

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Moessbauer spectroscopy of octahedral tin complexes

Inorganic Chemistry ◽

10.1021/ic50080a023 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 8 (10) ◽

pp. 2145-2148 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

Rolfe H. Herber ◽

Hwa-Sheng Cheng

Keyword(s):

Moessbauer Spectroscopy ◽

Tin Complexes

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Tin complexes derived from nitrogen-based 1,3,5-heterocyclohexanes bearing 2-hydroxypropan-1-yl, 2-diphenylphosphitepropan-1-yl and 2-diphenylphosphinepropan-1-yl as pendant N-substituents

Journal of Molecular Structure ◽

10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132368 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 132368

Author(s):

Alfonso Xotlanihua-Flores ◽

Tayde O. Villaseñor-Granados ◽

Raúl Colorado-Peralta ◽

Sonia A. Sánchez-Ruiz ◽

Pedro Montes-Tolentino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tin Complexes

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Synthesis, structural elucidation, and catalytic activity of bimetallic rhenium-tin complexes containing Schiff base ligand

Journal of Molecular Structure ◽

10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131545 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 131545

Author(s):

Manpreet Kaur ◽

Akanksha Kapila ◽

Veeranna Yempally ◽

Harminder Kaur

Keyword(s):

Schiff Base ◽

Catalytic Activity ◽

Schiff Base Ligand ◽

Structural Elucidation ◽

Tin Complexes

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The protective properties of synthetic porphyrin tin complexes in toxic hyperbilirubinemia

Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines ◽

10.1002/(sici)1099-1409(200004/05)4:3<243::aid-jpp201>3.0.co;2-d ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 04 (03) ◽

pp. 243-247 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

T. O. PHILIPPOVA ◽

B. N. GALKIN ◽

N. YA. GOLOVENKO ◽

Z. I. ZHILINA ◽

S. V. VODZINSKII

Keyword(s):

Heme Oxygenase ◽

Serum Bilirubin ◽

Protoporphyrin Ix ◽

Serum Bilirubin Level ◽

Oxygenase Activity ◽

Tetraphenyl Porphyrin ◽

Tin Complexes ◽

Cytochrome P 450

Tin complexes of meso-substituted synthetic porphyrins, namely Sn 4+-meso-tetraphenyl- porphyrin ( Sn - TPP ) and Sn 4+-meso-tetrakis(N-methyl-3-pyridyl)porphyrin tetratosylate ( Sn - TMe -3- PyP ), efficiently decrease the serum bilirubin level when injected subcutaneously at a dose of 100 μM kg−1 body weight into mice. These compounds are active during hyperbilirubinemia, induced by phenylhydrazine, hemin and tetrachloromethane, and also during autoimmune hemolytic anemia. In the latter case a decrease in serum bilirubin content was observed, as well as a decrease in the amount of blood reticulocytes which reflects a milder course of the disease. The Sn complexes under study induce, in vivo, cytochrome P-450, inhibit microsomal heme oxygenase and decrease the intensity of lipid peroxidation. At the same time, in vitro the hepatic and splenic heme oxygenase activity is blocked only when a 0.1 μM concentration of Sn - TMe -3- PyP or Sn -protoporphyrin IX is added to the incubation mixture. Sn - TPP does not affect the activity of this enzyme in vitro.

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Formation of platinum–silicon, –germanium, and –tin complexes by cleavage of platinum–carbon bonds and by oxidative addition of trimethylstannane to platinum complexes

Journal of the Chemical Society Dalton Transactions ◽

10.1039/dt9750000497 ◽

1975 ◽

pp. 497-498 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Frank Glockling ◽

R. J. Ivan Pollock

Keyword(s):

Silicon Germanium ◽

Oxidative Addition ◽

Platinum Complexes ◽

Carbon Bonds ◽

Tin Complexes

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Organo-silicon and -tin complexes of osmium carbonyl

Journal of Organometallic Chemistry ◽

10.1016/s0022-328x(00)89755-7 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. P67-P68 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

S.A.R. Knox ◽

C.M. Mitchell ◽

F.G.A. Stone

Keyword(s):

Tin Complexes ◽

Osmium Carbonyl

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Tin Complexes Containing an Atenolol Moiety as Photostabilizers for Poly(Vinyl Chloride)

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym12122923 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 2923

Author(s):

Baneen Salam ◽

Gamal A. El-Hiti ◽

Muna Bufaroosha ◽

Dina S. Ahmed ◽

Ahmed Ahmed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Infrared Spectroscopy ◽

Surface Morphology ◽

Vinyl Chloride ◽

Poly Vinyl Chloride ◽

Phenyl Rings ◽

Tin Complexes ◽

High Yields ◽

Loss Determination ◽

Surface Changes

The lifetime of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) can be increased through the addition of additives to provide protection against irradiation. Therefore, several new tin complexes containing atenolol moieties were synthesized and their photostabilizing effect on PVC was investigated. Reacting atenolol with a number of tin reagents in boiling methanol provided high yields of tin complexes. PVC was then mixed with the tin complexes at a low concentration, producing polymeric thins films. The films were irradiated with ultraviolet light and the resulting damage was assessed using different analytical and surface morphology techniques. Infrared spectroscopy and weight loss determination indicated that the films incorporating tin complexes incurred less damage and less surface changes compared to the blank film. In particular, the triphenyltin complex was very effective in enhancing the photostability of PVC, and this is due to its high aromaticity (three phenyl rings) compared to other complexes. Such an additive acts as a hydrogen chloride scavenger, radical absorber, and hydroperoxide decomposer.

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