Tin Complexes of 4-(Benzylideneamino)benzenesulfonamide: Synthesis, Structure Elucidation and Their Efficiency as PVC Photostabilizers

Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) suffers from photo-xidation and photodegradation when exposed to harsh conditions. Application of PVC thus relies on the development of ever more efficient photostabilizers. The current research reports the synthesis of new complexes of tin and their assessment as poly(vinyl chloride) photostabilizers. The three new complexes were obtained in high yields from reaction of 4-(benzylideneamino)benzenesulfonamide and tin chlorides. Their structures were elucidated using different tools. The complexes were mixed with poly(vinyl chloride) at a very low concentration and thin films were made from the blends. The effectiveness of the tin complexes as photostabilizers has been established using a variety of methods. The new tin complexes led to a decrease in weight loss, formation of small residues, molecular weight depression, and surface alteration of poly(vinyl chloride) after irradiation. The additives act by absorption of ultraviolet light, removal the active chlorine produced through a dehydrochlorination process, decomposition of peroxides, and coordination with the polymeric chains. The triphenyltin complex showed the greatest stabilizing effect against PVC photodegradation as a result of its high aromaticity.

PARSE PROBLEMS IN THE APPLICATION OF ACCOUNTING BASED IMFI GRAMEEN

The purpose of this study is to reveal various problems application of accounting on Islamic Micro Finance Institutions (IMFI) based grameen. To achieve the study researchers used a methodology Analytical Network Process. Decomposition of the problem conducted by survey-based Grameen IMFI to practitioners as well as in-depth interviews to experts or academicians. Based on the results of the study (decomposition problem) suggests that the problems in the application of accounting-based Grameen IMFI divided into three main clusters, namely the lack of regulation of supporting institutions, the absence of operational standards and minimum operational assistance. The finding of the study suggested that the main problem was on the lack of regulation supporting with the priority number (0.31), followed by problems of lack of operational standards (0.28), and finally the lack of operational assistance (0.14)