scholarly journals Thermodynamic modeling of melt of the Bi-Pb-Sn-Cd system

2021 ◽  
Vol 2057 (1) ◽  
pp. 012104
Author(s):  
N Barbin ◽  
I Tikina ◽  
D Terentyev
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Modeling ◽  
Wide Temperature Range ◽  
Software Package ◽  
Equilibrium Constants ◽  
Thermal Dissociation ◽  
Metal Compounds ◽  
Temperature Range

Abstract Thermodynamic modeling of heating of the Bi-Pb-Sn-Cd system in a wide temperature range is performed in the TERRA software package. The equilibrium constants of thermal dissociation reactions are determined. The equilibrium constants of thermal dissociation reactions for metal compounds formed in the Bi-Pb-Sn-Cd melt as a result of heating are determined: BiPb, PbSn, SnBi, Pb3Bi, Pb5Bi4Sn4, PbSn3, Bi2Sn3, Bi7Pb, CdSn, Sn3Bi, PbBi2Sn2, Pb3Bi4, Cd3Bi2, Bi7Pb3, Sn4Bi2.

Fuels Characterization for Use in Internal Combustion Engines

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Lanzafame ◽  
M. Messina
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Wide Temperature Range ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Equilibrium Constants ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Mathematical Functions ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Ic Engines

Abstract It is important provide mathematical functions able to fit with great precision experimental data on gases properties, in order to obtain reliable results when computerized models on IC engines are used. On the basis of experimental data on equilibrium constants (for dissociation phenomena occurring during combustion process in IC engines) new mathematical functions have been determined to fit experimental data. In comparison to traditional fitting polynomials, these new mathematical functions present a great accuracy in matching experimental data. These new mathematical functions have the functional forms of a V order Logarithmic Polynomial, and their coefficients have been evaluated on the basis of the least square method. The new V order Logarithmic Polynomials have been determined for several dissociation reactions according to internal combustion processes applications. V order Logarithmic Polynomials have been implemented also to describe the trend of specific heat at constant pressure Vs temperature and enthalpy Vs temperature. These new Logarithmic Polynomials have been calculated for several gases and fuels for IC engines applications. The new Logarithmic Polynomials pointed out a better precision in comparison to the others polynomial functions used in literature, and the possibility to utilize a single Logarithmic Polynomial for a wide temperature range, according to a good accuracy with experimental data. Another advantage of the Logarithmic Polynomials is the possibility to extrapolate experimental data on a wide temperature range (25% of experimental T range) in order to supply to the experimental data shortage.

Infrared and photoelectron spectra, and keto—enol tautomerism of acetylacetones and acetoacetic esters

1975 ◽  
Vol 342 (1630) ◽  
pp. 327-339 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wide Temperature Range ◽  
Photoelectron Spectrum ◽  
Equilibrium Constants ◽  
Ionization Potentials ◽  
Photoelectron Spectra ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Related Compounds

The infrared and photoelectron spectra of some substituted acetylacetones have been measured, and interpreted in terms of enolic and ketonic structures. Ionization potentials from specific orbitals have been assigned. With different substituents, the proportion of the two forms varies considerably. From measurements of the photoelectron spectrum over a wide temperature range, the equilibrium constants for keto-enol forms have been determined and estimates made of the enthalpy of the tautomeric change. Conclusions about the tautomerism have been correlated with earlier measurements by other methods. For comparison, the spectra of acetoacetic esters and related compounds have been measured. The proportions of keto-enol forms have been estimated and ionization potentials assigned to particular orbitals.

scholarly journals Thermodynamic modeling of isotherms of oxygen solubility in liquid metal of Fe – Mg – Al – O system

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (8) ◽  
pp. 639-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. G. Mikhailov ◽  
O. V. Samoilova ◽  
L. A. Makrovets ◽  
L. A. Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Liquid Iron ◽  
Thermodynamic Modeling ◽  
Equilibrium Constants ◽  
Oxygen Solubility ◽  
Ionic Solutions ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Oxide Melt ◽  
Oxide Phases

Studying the interaction between oxygen and magnesium and aluminum dissolved in liquid iron is an important task in order to choose optimal parameters for refining and casting of steels. Relevance of this research is caused by determining the possibility and conditions for formation of unfavorable refractory particles of magnesium oxideand magnesian spinel in a metal melt. In the course of this research, thermodynamic modeling of phase equilibria implemented in liquid metal of such systems as Fe – Mg – O, Fe – Al – O and Fe – Mg – Al – O within the temperature range of 1550 – 1650 °С was carried out. Calculation was made using the technique of constructing the solubility surfaces for the metal components which connects quantitative changes in composition of a liquid metal with qualitative changes in composition of products obtained as a result of interaction of a metallic melt’s components. The modeling method was based not only on usin­g equilibrium constants of reactions occurring between components of the systems under research in the selected temperature range, but also on taking into account the values of interaction parameters of the first order (according to Wagner) of elements in liquid iron. In order to simulate activities of the oxide melt conjugated with the metallic one, approximation of the theory of subregular ionic solutions was used. To model activities of oxides solid solution, approximation of the theory of regular ionic solutions was used. And the theory of ideal ionic solutions was used for the solid solution of spinels. In the course of the work, isotherms of oxygen’s solubility in liquid metal of systems Fe – Mg – O, Fe – Al – O and Fe – Mg – Al – O have been constructed, and regions of thermodynamic stability of oxide phases conjugated with the metallic melt have been determined. In particular, compositions area of a liquid metal which is going to be in equilibrium with the solid solution of spinels | FeAl 2 O 4 , MgAl 2 O 4 | solid solution has been determined for Fe – Mg – Al – O system. Results obtained in the course of thermodynamic modeling have been compared to experimental data.

Fibre-optic temperature sensor with wide temperature range characteristics

1987 ◽  
Vol 134 (5) ◽  
pp. 291 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.T.V. Grattan ◽  
J.D. Manwell ◽  
S.M.L. Sim ◽  
C.A. Willson
Keyword(s):  
Wide Temperature Range ◽  
Temperature Sensor ◽  
Fibre Optic ◽  
Temperature Range

Enabling highly reversible sodium metal cycling across a wide temperature range with dual-salt electrolytes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akila C. Thenuwara ◽  
Pralav P. Shetty ◽  
Neha Kondekar ◽  
Chuanlong Wang ◽  
Weiyang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wide Temperature Range ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Liquid Electrolyte ◽  
Metal Cycling ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Sodium Metal ◽  
Wide Range

A new dual-salt liquid electrolyte is developed that enables the reversible operation of high-energy sodium-metal-based batteries over a wide range of temperatures down to −50 °C.

Magnetic anomalies, chemical and magnetic properties at wide temperature range (15–1000 K) in LiSrxFe5-xO8 (x = 0, 0.025, 0.05)

2021 ◽  
Vol 859 ◽  
pp. 158290
Author(s):  
S. Udhayakumar ◽  
G. Jagadish Kumar ◽  
E. Senthil Kumar ◽  
M. Navaneethan ◽  
K. Kamala Bharathi
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Wide Temperature Range ◽  
Magnetic Anomalies ◽  
Temperature Range
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