scholarly journals An Action Principle for Biological Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 2090 (1) ◽  
pp. 012109
Author(s):  
Richard L. Summers

Abstract In the analysis of physical systems, the forces and mechanics of all system changes as codified in the Newtonian laws can be redefined by the methods of Lagrange and Hamilton through an identification of the governing action principle as a more general framework for dynamics. For the living system, it is the dimensional and relational structure of its biologic continuum (both internal and external to the organism) that creates the signature informational metrics and course configurations for the action dynamics associated with any natural systems phenomena. From this dynamic information theoretic framework, an action functional can be also derived in accordance with the methods of Lagrange. The experiential process of acquiring information and translating it into actionable meaning for adaptive responses is the driving force for changes in the living system. The core axiomatic procedure of this adaptive process should include an innate action principle that can determine the system’s directional changes. This procedure for adaptive system reconciliation of divergences from steady state within the biocontinuum can be described by an information metric formulation of the process for actionable knowledge acquisition that incorporates the axiomatic inference of the Kullback’s Principle of Minimum Discrimination Information powered by the mechanics of survival replicator dynamics. This entropic driven trajectory naturally minimizes the biocontinuum information gradient differences like a least action principle and is an inference procedure for directional change. If the mathematical expression of this process is the Lagrangian integrand for adaptive changes within the biocontinuum, then it is also considered as an action functional for the living system.

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soon Ho Kim ◽  
Jong Won Kim ◽  
Hyun Chae Chung ◽  
MooYoung Choi

AbstractThe principle of least effort has been widely used to explain phenomena related to human behavior ranging from topics in language to those in social systems. It has precedence in the principle of least action from the Lagrangian formulation of classical mechanics. In this study, we present a model for interceptive human walking based on the least action principle. Taking inspiration from Lagrangian mechanics, a Lagrangian is defined as effort minus security, with two different specific mathematical forms. The resulting Euler–Lagrange equations are then solved to obtain the equations of motion. The model is validated using experimental data from a virtual reality crossing simulation with human participants. We thus conclude that the least action principle provides a useful tool in the study of interceptive walking.


2006 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chungmin Lee ◽  
John Lowengrub ◽  
Jacob Rubinstein ◽  
Xiaoming Zheng

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sun Hee Cho ◽  
Jeong In Kim ◽  
Cheol Sang Kim ◽  
Chan Hee Park ◽  
In Gi Kim

To date, many researchers have studied a considerable number of three-dimensional (3D) cotton-like electrospun scaffolds for tissue engineering, including the generation of bone, cartilage, and skin tissue. Although numerous 3D electrospun fibrous matrixes have been successfully developed, additional research is needed to produce 3D patterned and sophisticated structures. The development of 3D fibrous matrixes with patterned and sophisticated structures (FM-PSS) capable of mimicking the extracellular matrix (ECM) is important for advancing tissue engineering. Because modulating nano to microscale features of the 3D fibrous scaffold to control the ambient microenvironment of target tissue cells can play a pivotal role in inducing tissue morphogenesis after transplantation in a living system. To achieve this objective, the 3D FM-PSSs were successfully generated by the electrospinning using a directional change of the sharply inclined array collector. The 3D FM-PSSs overcome the current limitations of conventional electrospun cotton-type 3D matrixes of random fibers.


Author(s):  
Alessandro Massaro ◽  
Piero Adriano Massaro

The authors prove that the standard least action principle implies a more general form of the same principle by which they can state generalized motion equation including the classical Euler equation as a particular case. This form is based on an observation regarding the last action principle about the limit case in the classical approach using symmetry violations. Furthermore the well known first integrals of the classical Euler equations become only approximate first integrals. The authors also prove a generalization of the fundamental lemma of the calculus of variation and we consider the application in electromagnetism.


Author(s):  
Jacob Rubinstein ◽  
Gershon Wolansky ◽  
Yifat Weinberg

2001 ◽  
Vol 322 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sharpe ◽  
M. Rowan-Robinson ◽  
A. Canavezes ◽  
W. Saunders ◽  
E. Branchini ◽  
...  

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