scholarly journals Impact of Lightning Protection Grounding System on the Ground Surface Potential of Substations

2022 ◽  
Vol 2148 (1) ◽  
pp. 012049
Author(s):  
Tingji Chen ◽  
Lian Yang ◽  
Weibing Gu ◽  
Haiyang Gao ◽  
Junchi Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ground Surface ◽  
Steel Structure ◽  
Metal Structure ◽  
Lightning Strike ◽  
Lightning Protection ◽  
Peak Time ◽  
Lightning Flash ◽  
Grounding System ◽  
Multiple Electrodes ◽  
Ground Potential

Abstract Grounding device is an indispensable facility for lightning protection of buildings. Nowadays, SGCC (State Grid Corporation of China) is promoting steel structure substations, which are made of metal as a whole including the roof. There are now several grounding approaches when the roof was struck by a lightning flash, including external grounding, nearby grounding, separate grounding and common grounding. This paper took a metal structure substation in Nanjing as an example and calculated its ground potential in case of different grounding system. We came to such conclusions: 1) For substations of separate grounding system, the ground potential after a lightning strike could reach as high as 743.5kV and 230kV with a single earthing electrode and multiple electrodes respectively. 1000μs after the strike, the ground potential is 91.57 kV, which is still a significant threat to humans and equipment inside. 2) Nearby grounding and external grounding are both common grounding system. The peak of ground potential after a lightning strike is 101.4kV and 109kV respectively, much lower than that of separate grounding system. They also have similar waveform and peak time. 3) 3500μs after the lightning strike, the ground potential all over the grid is around 36V. 4) Separate grounding is not a sound choice of grounding system for steel structure substations. From the perspective of cost and discharging capacity, nearby grounding is the most reasonable scheme for a steel structure substation.

scholarly journals Investigation and Improvement of Standard External Lightning Protection System: Industrial Case Study

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4118
Author(s):  
I Made Yulistya Negara ◽  
Daniar Fahmi ◽  
Dimas Anton Asfani ◽  
IGN Satriyadi Hernanda ◽  
Rendi Bagus Pratama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Petrochemical Industry ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Lightning Protection ◽  
Industrial Case Study ◽  
Grounding System ◽  
Electromagnetic Transient ◽  
Petrochemical Company ◽  
Program Software ◽  
Ground Potential

In this study, the lightning protection system and grounding system of one plant of the petrochemical industry were investigated, evaluated, and improved. The methods used in this study were rolling sphere and angle protection methods. The grounding system of the building under study was modeled and simulated using ATP/EMTP (Alternative Transient Program/Electromagnetic Transient Program) software. The results show that the external lightning protection system of the prilling tower studied does not adhere to IEC 62305 and IEC 1024-1-1 standards. Moreover, the grounding configuration of the DCS building was not appropriate for protecting sensitive equipment inside. Lightning causes an enormous potential difference between lightning ground rods in the grounding system. Additionally, disabling the existing surge protective device (SPD) causes an increase in the magnitude of Ground Potential Rise at the DCS building. Improvement of the lightning protection system of the prilling tower and DCS building on Plant 1 of this petrochemical company as well as some other recommendations for improvements are proposed. This paper also shows evidence that external lightning protection, internal lightning protection, and the grounding system need to be connected to make an exemplary lightning protection system.

scholarly journals Earth-termination system for onshore wind Turbines.

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7-2020) ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
Liubov A. Belova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Lightning Strike ◽  
Lightning Protection ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Lightning Strikes ◽  
Grounding System ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Wind Turbine Towers ◽  
Surge Protection

The earth-termination system for towers of ground-based wind turbines in addition to protective and functional grounding provides lightning protection grounding, which is especially important since the wind turbine is susceptible to lightning strikes. If insufficient protective measures are taken, the risk of damage to a wind turbine due to a lightning strike increases. Therefore, a well-thought-out built-in grounding system for wind turbine towers is needed, which would function as necessary and guarantee long-term mechanical strength and corrosion resistance. The configuration of grounding systems for wind turbines is discussed in IEC 61400-24, which deals with the topic of lightning protection for wind turbines, including detailed information on the choice of lightning protection measures and surge protection. It is advisable to create a lightning protection concept at the initial stage of planning a wind turbine in order to avoid later costly repairs and retrofitting.

A New Standard Design of Lightning Protection System for Offshore and Nearshore Oil and Gas at Tropic Area

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mukhtarus Bahroinuddin ◽  
Rosihan Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Offshore Platform ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Lightning Strike ◽  
Lightning Protection ◽  
Minimum Thickness ◽  
Charge Current ◽  
Standard Design ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
Rolling Sphere

Abstract Based on NFPA-780, offshore platforms, which made from metal framework of a structure are thought of as "grounded" to the ocean and therefore are not needed to be installed external Lightning Protection System (LPS). PHE ONWJ which located at offshore tropic area has implemented NFPA 80 but still experience lightning hit. It generated fire at vent stack andcause operations interference. So that, the objective of this study is to redesign LPS for tropic area. Firstly, the methodology for this study was conducting literature review from previous researches for lightning protection system at tropic area and researches which underlyingNFPA-780. The literature reviews were focusing on lightning characteristic for tropic area andthe lightning density data from local lighting strike monitors surrounding PHE ONWJ. The result of literature reviews would be the basis of lightning strike event reviews in PHE ONWJ facilities. Subsequently, the authors conducted the equipment layout review using rolling sphere method based on previous lightning strike location. Lastly, Authors proposed the recommendationsfor typical LPS for oil and gas at tropic area. Based on literature reviews,lightning characteristic at tropic area has peak strike current twice the sub-tropic and longer "tail" so that the charge current is larger. Larger the charge current of lightning cause greaterimpact into metal structure that is metal melting. Based on NFPA 780/2011, the offshore platform, which is made by metal, and vessel with minimum thickness 4.8 mm are self-protected. However, based on calculation, with the characteristic of lightning at tropic area, the recommendedminimum vessel thickness is 10 mm. This calculation reinforces the fact that standard of Lightning Protection System in NFPA 780/2011 is not sufficient to be applied in tropic area like Indonesia. After calculating the tropic lightning strike range using rolling sphere method, it isrecommended to redesign lightning protection system for some locations at offshore platform and near shore facilities of PHE ONWJ.The lightning protections system locations and quantities are depending on the area and the needed protected equipment in it.The installation isincluding extended mast terminal, free standing mast, low inductive Double Shielded Down Conductor(DSDC), Lightning Event Counter (LEC), and good grounding system at the platform.

Automated Lightning Flash Detection in Nighttime Visible Satellite Data

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L. Bankert ◽  
Jeremy E. Solbrig ◽  
Thomas F. Lee ◽  
Steven D. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Satellite System ◽  
Lightning Strike ◽  
False Alarms ◽  
Lightning Flash ◽  
Infrared Imager ◽  
Defense Meteorological Satellite Program ◽  
Lightning Detection ◽  
Mapping Array ◽  
Automated Technique ◽  
Spectral Channels

Abstract The Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) Operational Linescan System (OLS) nighttime visible channel was designed to detect earth–atmosphere features under conditions of low illumination (e.g., near the solar terminator or via moonlight reflection). However, this sensor also detects visible light emissions from various terrestrial sources (both natural and anthropogenic), including lightning-illuminated thunderstorm tops. This research presents an automated technique for objectively identifying and enhancing the bright steaks associated with lightning flashes, even in the presence of lunar illumination, derived from OLS imagery. A line-directional filter is applied to the data in order to identify lightning strike features and an associated false color imagery product enhances this information while minimizing false alarms. Comparisons of this satellite product to U.S. National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN) data in one case as well as to a lightning mapping array (LMA) in another case demonstrate general consistency to within the expected limits of detection. This algorithm is potentially useful in either finding or confirming electrically active storms anywhere on the globe, particularly those occurring in remote areas where surface-based observations are not available. Additionally, the OLS nighttime visible sensor provides heritage data for examining the potential usefulness of the Visible-Infrared Imager-Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Day/Night Band (DNB) on future satellites including the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) Preparatory Project (NPP). The VIIRS DNB will offer several improvements to the legacy OLS nighttime visible channel, including full calibration and collocation with 21 narrowband spectral channels.

Special Issue “The Lightning Flash and Lightning Protection” (XII SIPDA 2013)

2015 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Fridolin Heidler ◽  
Alexandre Piantini ◽  
Marcos Rubinstein
Keyword(s):  
Lightning Protection ◽  
Lightning Flash ◽  
Special Issue

Time-Domain Analysis and Experimental Verification of Portable Grounding System’s TGR

2014 ◽  
Vol 705 ◽  
pp. 259-262
Author(s):  
Xin Bo Qu ◽  
Bi Hua Zhou ◽  
Ya Peng Fu ◽  
Li Juan Yang ◽  
Nan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Time Domain ◽  
Time Domain Analysis ◽  
Frozen Soil ◽  
Lightning Protection ◽  
Grounding System ◽  
Grounding Resistance ◽  
Long Time ◽  
New Type ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Difference Time

The portable grounding system plays an important role in the lightning protection system of mobile equipments. But the traditional earth electrodes composed of vertical rods wouldn’t work well or would take a long time to set up in some conditions such as frozen soil, hard clay and so on. In this paper, a new type of portable grounding system which can be quickly spread and folded has been designed. To analyze the TGR’s (Transient Grounding Resistance) time-domain characteristics, the grounding systems have been modeled and simulated with FDTD (Finite Difference Time Domain). The influence rule of electrodes’ number and down-lead’s position to TGR has been studied with numerical analysis and validated with experiments. The results show that the new grounding system works well even on cement floor.

scholarly journals DISAIN SISTEM PENTANAHAN PROTEKSI PETIR SISTEM MULTIPLE VERTICAL ELECTRODES PADA TERMINAL LAWE-LAWE – PERTAMINA DHP

Sutet ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
Redaksi Tim Jurnal
Keyword(s):  
Fault Detection ◽  
System Design ◽  
Electrical Equipment ◽  
Electrical Circuit ◽  
Lightning Protection ◽  
Lightning Stroke ◽  
Grounding System ◽  
System A

The purpose of Grounding system design is to ensure safety for personal and equipment, andto improve fault detection of protection system.All electrical equipment should be connected to the grounding system. A system ground refers tothe point in an electrical circuit that is connected to earth. This connection point is typically at theelectrical neutral.Grounding of electrical items must be performed inside the enclosure i.e. insulated copperconductor is going to be used for earthed loop.Grounding bar of equipment, cubicle, switchboard, dedicated inside terminal boxes, lightingfittings.Lightning protection, electrical and instrument equipment should be connected to the groundingsystem separately. The objectives of lightning protection are to avoid catastrophic equipment damage and to preventpersonal injury. The energy of a lightning stroke can readily ignite flammable vapors or damageequipment.Methode of calculation used of the groundingsystem design of lightning protection is multiple vertical electrodes system.

scholarly journals Effects of lightning impulse front time on substation grounding system performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 569
Author(s):  
Muhammad Adnan ◽  
Zulkurnain Adul Malek ◽  
Nur Syazwani Mohd Din ◽  
Muhammad Irfan Jambak ◽  
Zainuddin Nawawi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Circuit ◽  
Lightning Discharge ◽  
Soil Resistivity ◽  
Grounding System ◽  
Step Voltage ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Lightning Impulse ◽  
Touch Voltage ◽  
Ground Potential

<table width="593" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td valign="top" width="387"><p>The role of the grounding system in the safety of the power system and protection of personnel is obvious during an unexpected short circuit or lightning discharge at the substation. The aim of this work is to analyze the effects of several parameters: lightning impulse front time, soil resistivity and types of grid materials on the grounding system of the Substation. The ground potential rise (GPR), touch voltage and step voltage of a 50 m x 60 m grounding grid buried at a depth of 0.5 m were computed using CDEGS when injected by impulse with different front times. Results show that the shorter the front time of lightning impulse waveform, the higher the value of GPR, touch voltage and step voltage. Meanwhile, when the value of soil resistivity is increased, the value of GPR, touch voltage and step voltage is also increased. Lastly, different types of grid conductor materials give different values of GPR, touch voltage and step voltage. However, it can be said that the differences are too small to be of any significance.</p><p> </p></td></tr></tbody></table>

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