scholarly journals Evaluation the potential of indigenous biocontrol agent Trichoderma harzianum and its interactive effect with nanosized ZnO particles against the sunflower damping-off pathogen, Rhizoctonia solani

2019 ◽  
Vol 365 ◽  
pp. 012033 ◽  
Author(s):  
A A Lahuf ◽  
A A Kareem ◽  
T M Al-Sweedi ◽  
H A Alfarttoosi
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Zno Particles ◽  
Nanosized Zno

scholarly journals Application of plant extracts and Trichoderma harzianum for the management of tomato seedling damping-off caused by Rhizoctonia solani

2020 ◽  
Vol 116 (11/12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mapula T.P. Hlokwe ◽  
Mapotso Kena ◽  
David N. Mamphiswana
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Biotic Factors ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Tomato Seedling

Seedling production under smallholder farming systems can be negatively affected by both abiotic and biotic factors. Seedling damping-off caused by Rhizoctonia solani is one of the major biotic factors which causes significant yield reduction. Management is mainly based on the application of synthetic fungicides and cultural practices. However, both methods have limitations which result in their inefficiency. Several studies have reported on the use of plant extracts and biological control to manage plant diseases. The aim of this study was to formulate an effective and practical approach to manage tomato seedling dampingoff using extracts of Monsonia burkeana and Moringa oleifera and a biological control agent Trichoderma harzianum. The efficacy of both extracts was investigated under laboratory conditions to determine the most suppressive concentration to R. solani growth. Methanolic extracts from both plants significantly suppressed pathogen growth at different concentrations. M. burkeana significantly reduced R. solani growth at 8 g/mL (71%) relative to control whilst Moringa oleifera extract reduced pathogen growth by 60% at a concentration of 6 g/mL. The highest suppressive concentrations were further evaluated under greenhouse conditions to test their efficacy on seedling damping-off. In damping-off treatments, both plant extracts and T. harzianum also significantly reduced (p=0.5) pre- and post-emergence dampingoff incidence. M. burkeana recorded the highest suppression at 78%, followed by M. oleifera at 64%. Trichoderma harzianum reduced incidence of damping-off by 60% and this was higher than both plant extract treatments.

scholarly journals Influence of Substrates in the Development of Bean and in Pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia solani JG Kühn

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 707
Author(s):  
Sara Mayo-Prieto ◽  
Álvaro Rodríguez-González ◽  
Alicia Lorenzana ◽  
Santiago Gutiérrez ◽  
Pedro A. Casquero
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Root System ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Economic Losses

The number of plants produced in horticultural substrates has increased over the last decade. These substrates are to have some physicochemical and phytosanitary characteristics that allow for optimal growth. Rhizoctonia solani JG Kühn is one of the root and hypocotyl diseases that frequently develops in seedbeds causing severe economic losses worldwide. The aim of this work was to evaluate the substrates and additives used in bean plantlets and the R. solani disease severity. The use of vermiculite or peat did not affect bean germination percentage, but peat promoted the development of the aerial part and vermiculite improved the growth of the root system. R. solani reduced bean germination percentage and bean growth in both peat and vermiculite. The presence of additives (bentonite and/or cornmeal) in the substrates (vermiculite or peat) reduced bean germination and development, favouring the severity of R. solani. However, the addition of cornmeal improves bean dry weight of the aerial part. So, whenever it is necessary to add additives to the substrates to improve the installation and development of a biocontrol agent, such as Trichoderma harzianum, the mix of peat and cornmeal would improve the development of both bean and biocontrol agent.

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