scholarly journals Development of a new method for determining the degree of ripeness of tomato fruits with different colors of ripe fruits

2021 ◽  
Vol 845 (1) ◽  
pp. 012011
Author(s):  
O V Akishin ◽  
V A Gudkovsky ◽  
A V Sutormina ◽  
A A Potapova ◽  
A Yu Medelyaeva
Keyword(s):  
Physiological State ◽  
New Method ◽  
Tomato Fruits ◽  
Biochemical Methods ◽  
Quantitative Content ◽  
Orange Yellow ◽  
Small Fruit ◽  
Endogenous Ethylene ◽  
Universal Scale

Abstract The paper evaluates the most common sensory, physical, physicochemical and biochemical methods of determining the degree of ripeness of tomato fruits. On the example of small-fruit varieties with red, orange, yellow and brown colors of ripe fruits, an attempt was made to create a universal scale to assess the degree of ripeness of tomato fruits based on the physiological state of the fruits. The paper presents data on the quantitative content of endogenous ethylene in fruits with certain ripeness level.

scholarly journals ASPECTS OF ETHYLENE BIOSYNTHETIC PATHWAY IN TOMATO FRUITS DURING THE RIPENING PROCESS

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 651d-651
Author(s):  
Hirofumi Terai ◽  
Hironobu Tsuchida ◽  
Masashi Mizuno
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Acc Synthase ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Tomato Fruits ◽  
Ripening Process ◽  
Endogenous Ethylene ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Exogenous Ethylene ◽  
Days After Anthesis

Green fruits of normal ripening type of tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) were picked 13-39 days after anthesis and stored at 20°C. Although more days were required for the ripening of the fruits if the stage of picking was earlier, all fruits became red and soft during storage. This result shows that considerably immature fruits have the ability of ripening. Green tomato fruits at three stages (18. 29 and 38 days after anthesis) were treated with ethylene for one day. The activity of ethylene forming enzyme (EFE) and the conversion of applied 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) to N-malonyl-ACC (MACC) in the three stages of tomato fruits were accelerated by exogenous ethylene, though endogenous ethylene production was hardly observed. When the green tomato fruits (31-34 days after anthesis) were treated with ethylene for one day and then transferred to air. the activity of EFE and the conversion of applied ACC to MACC were depressed. The activity of ACC synthase was not accelerated by ethylene treatment of only one day, but was accelerated by a longer term treatment, followed by increased ethylene production and the onset of ripening.

NEW METHOD OF QUANTITY ESTIMATION OF INTRA FIELD VARIABILITY BY OPTICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SOWINGS FOR PRECISION FARMING

1970 ◽  
pp. 4-10
Author(s):  
V. P. Yakushev ◽  
A. F. Petrushin ◽  
D. A. Matveenko ◽  
S. Yu. Blokhina ◽  
E. V. Kanash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Precision Farming ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
New Method ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Agricultural Field ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Field Variability

The scientific and technological progress in the agricultural production is based on the application of digital technologies of “smart agriculture” and precision farming, which is its key segment. Precision farming is a global trend of the adaptation of agricultural technologies for crop production to within-field spatial variability of crop formation conditions. It is necessary to quantify the degree of heterogeneity of these conditions and determine the boundaries of their variability in a given agricultural field. Based on the analysis of the available approaches to the within-field variability assessment, the paper substantiates the expediency of searching for new, more precise and inexpensive methods for solving this problem. Due to the large area of Russia, there is no alternative to the technology of remote sensing of the Earth in the information support of precision farming. The proposed new method of within-field heterogeneity detection is based on the use of optical criteria (reflection indexes), characterizing specific and non-specific features of spectral characteristics of crop canopy under the impact of various stress factors. Under controlled conditions, using a special spectrometer, a specific list of reflection indices and a set of quantitative indicators for each criterion was obtained to assess the physiological state of wheat under optimal conditions and nitrogen and water deficiency. The obtained results provide new possibilities for automating the process of interpretation of hyperspectral satellite images in order to identify and reveal the boundaries of the negative effects of stressors that inhibit the growth and development of crops. The relevant algorithmic scheme of the method implementation is considered in the paper.

Advances in Microprobe Analysis Applied to Muscle, Nerve and Gland

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 404-407
Author(s):  
T. E. Hutchinson ◽  
D. E. Johnson ◽  
A. C. Lee ◽  
E. Y. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Biological Tissue ◽  
Microprobe Analysis ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Physiological Relevance ◽  
Muscle Nerve ◽  
Technique Development

Microprobe analysis of biological tissue is now in the end phase of transition from instrumental and technique development to applications pertinent to questions of physiological relevance. The promise,implicit in early investigative efforts, is being fulfilled to an extent much greater than many had predicted. It would thus seem appropriate to briefly report studies exemplifying this, ∿. In general, the distributions of ions in tissue in a preselected physiological state produced by variations in the external environment is of importance in elucidating the mechanisms of exchange and regulation of these ions.

Selective Sampling and Orientation of Non-Homogeneous Tissues

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 98-99
Author(s):  
C. C. Clawson ◽  
L. W. Anderson ◽  
R. A. Good
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
New Method ◽  
Microscope Examination ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Selective Sampling ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Specific Orientation

Investigations which require electron microscope examination of a few specific areas of non-homogeneous tissues make random sampling of small blocks an inefficient and unrewarding procedure. Therefore, several investigators have devised methods which allow obtaining sample blocks for electron microscopy from region of tissue previously identified by light microscopy of present here techniques which make possible: 1) sampling tissue for electron microscopy from selected areas previously identified by light microscopy of relatively large pieces of tissue; 2) dehydration and embedding large numbers of individually identified blocks while keeping each one separate; 3) a new method of maintaining specific orientation of blocks during embedding; 4) special light microscopic staining or fluorescent procedures and electron microscopy on immediately adjacent small areas of tissue.

Conformational characterization of nucleosome structure by Electron Microscopy

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 194-195
Author(s):  
Gregory J. Czarnota
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Gene Activation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Macromolecular Complex ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Ionic Environment ◽  
Nucleosome Structure ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction

Chromatin structure at the fundamental level of the nucleosome is important in vital cellular processes. Recent biochemical and genetic analyses show that nucleosome structure and structural changes are very active participants in gene expression, facilitating or inhibiting transcription and reflecting the physiological state of the cell. Structural states and transitions for this macromolecular complex, composed of DNA wound about a heterotypic octamer of variously modified histone proteins, have been measured by physico-chemical techniques and by enzyme-accessibility and are recognized to occur with various post-translational modifications, gene activation, transformation and with ionic-environment. In spite of studies which indicate various forms of nucleosome structure, all current x-ray and neutron diffraction studies have consistently resulted in only one structure, suggestive of a static conformation. In contrast, two-dimensional electron microscopy studies and three-dimensional reconstruction techniques have yielded different structures. These fundamental differences between EM and other ultrastructural studies have created a long standing quandary, which I have addressed and resolved using spectroscopic electron microscopy and statistical analyses of nucleosome images in a study of nucleosome structure with ionic environment.

A new method for the determination of nitrates

1960 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 227-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
P WEST ◽  
G LYLES
Keyword(s):  
New Method
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