NEW METHOD OF QUANTITY ESTIMATION OF INTRA FIELD VARIABILITY BY OPTICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SOWINGS FOR PRECISION FARMING

1970 ◽  
pp. 4-10
Author(s):  
V. P. Yakushev ◽  
A. F. Petrushin ◽  
D. A. Matveenko ◽  
S. Yu. Blokhina ◽  
E. V. Kanash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Precision Farming ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
New Method ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Agricultural Field ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Field Variability

The scientific and technological progress in the agricultural production is based on the application of digital technologies of “smart agriculture” and precision farming, which is its key segment. Precision farming is a global trend of the adaptation of agricultural technologies for crop production to within-field spatial variability of crop formation conditions. It is necessary to quantify the degree of heterogeneity of these conditions and determine the boundaries of their variability in a given agricultural field. Based on the analysis of the available approaches to the within-field variability assessment, the paper substantiates the expediency of searching for new, more precise and inexpensive methods for solving this problem. Due to the large area of Russia, there is no alternative to the technology of remote sensing of the Earth in the information support of precision farming. The proposed new method of within-field heterogeneity detection is based on the use of optical criteria (reflection indexes), characterizing specific and non-specific features of spectral characteristics of crop canopy under the impact of various stress factors. Under controlled conditions, using a special spectrometer, a specific list of reflection indices and a set of quantitative indicators for each criterion was obtained to assess the physiological state of wheat under optimal conditions and nitrogen and water deficiency. The obtained results provide new possibilities for automating the process of interpretation of hyperspectral satellite images in order to identify and reveal the boundaries of the negative effects of stressors that inhibit the growth and development of crops. The relevant algorithmic scheme of the method implementation is considered in the paper.

The impact of information and communication technologies on the economic efficiency of agricultural production

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-32
Author(s):  
E.G. Abdulla-Zade ◽  
◽  
R.E. Shertsel ◽  
A.I. Ivanus ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
The State ◽  
Information Support ◽  
New Production ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Production Relations ◽  
The Impact

Questions and problems related to new production relations arising from the use of information and communication technologies in the technological processes of agricultural production (point farming, differentiation of information support through the reception, processing, presentation of information about the state of the soil, animals, the environment, etc.) between the object and the subject of management are investigated and analyzed. The system of collecting and wireless transmission of data on the state of the soil by means of mobile and stationary sensors with the subsequent analysis of information for making optimal management decisions in crop production is considered.

Nitric Oxide Enhances Salt Tolerance through Regulating Antioxidant Enzyme Activity and Nutrient Uptake in Pea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esin Dadasoglu ◽  
Melek Ekinci ◽  
Raziye Kul ◽  
Mostafakamal Shams ◽  
Metin Turan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Electrical Conductance ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activity ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
The Impact

Background: Salinity is one of the environmental stress factors that restrict the crop production by endangering agricultural areas. Nitric oxide (NO) protects plants from damage caused by oxidative stress conditions in various biological ways. Methods: In this greenhouse investigation during 2018, pea plants were irrigated with three levels of NaCl (0, 50 and 100 mM) solutions. NO solutions were prepared with three different doses (0, 75 and 100 µM SNP). These solutions were applied to the seeds before sowing and then to the leaves of the pea cultivars. The study was conducted to analyze the impact of NO on growth, malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), antioxidant enzyme activity and nutrient uptake in two pea cultivars under salinity conditions. Result: Salinity reduced fresh-dry weight, relative water content (RWC), and chlorophyll a and b content of pea. However, NO enhanced these parameters under salt stress. Salinity increased tissue electrical conductance (TEC), H2O2 and MDA content, which were decreased by combined application of NaCl and NO. Salinity caused an increase in antioxidant enzyme activity in pea and NO made a significant improvement in their activities under salinity conditions. Salinity treatments decreased the ratio of K+/Na+ and Ca2+/Na+ in both cultivars, and application of NO elevated them as compared to the control under salt stress. In conclude, exogenous NO treatment could help pea to tolerate salinity stress by increasing the chlorophyll content and regulating antioxidant enzyme activity and nutrient uptake.

Specific and non-specific changes in optical characteristics of spring wheat leaves under nitrogen and water deficiency

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Yakushev ◽  
E. Kanash ◽  
D. Rusakov ◽  
S. Blokhina
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Nitrogen Deficiency ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Optical Characteristics ◽  
Soil Drought ◽  
Water Deficiency ◽  
Wheat Leaves ◽  
The Impact

The research concerns the changes of spectral characteristics of reflected radiation (360 to 1 000 nm) of spring wheat leaves under nitrogen deficiency and moderate soil drought. The efficiency of factorial influence (η2) on chlorophyll index was equal to 20% and 4% under nitrogen and water deficiency, respectively. Most significantly soil drought influenced the water index WRI (η2=55%) and the light diffusion index R800 (η2=28%), which was caused by changes in leaf structure. At low levels of nitrogen supply, these parameters did not change or changed only slightly (η2=2%). It may be deduced that the data base for crop monitoring in precision farming systems must contain a series of optical criteria for assessing specific and non-specific changes in optical characteristics of a crop canopy under the impact of various stress factors.

Crop response to climate change: SPAR facilities, capabilities and tools

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vangimalla Reddy ◽  
Mura Jyostna Devi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Crop Models ◽  
The Impact

<p>Environmental stress factors have far‐reaching implications on global food security and significantly impact crop production through their effects on soil fertility, carbon sequestration, plant growth, and productivity.  Several approaches have been used to assess the effects of environmental stress factors on crops and to evaluate possible solutions. One such approach is the use of crop simulation models to explore the impact of climate stresses on crop plants will be discussed in this presentation, to provide a more accurate understanding of climate change effects on agriculture in the coming decades. Crop models, based on appropriate concepts and processes, have the predictive capability under new environments and can be used either alone or with other emerging newer technologies to disseminate plant growth and development information. Crop models such as GOSSYM, a cotton simulation model was used to evaluate crop responses to factors such as weather, irrigation, and fertilization by simulating the growth and production of crops from planting to harvest. The presentation also discusses the SPAR (Soil-Plant-Atmosphere Research) system to generate data required to understand various facets of growth and developmental processes and to build process-level models for managing the cotton crop to abiotic stresses. The SPAR units are optimized for the measurement of a plant and canopy-level physiological responses such as photosynthesis and transpiration under precisely controlled, but naturally lit, environmental conditions and to relate the basic processes directly to the environment. Various validation efforts of the GOSSYM cotton simulation model and its uses in multiple applications such as climate change impacts, technology transfer, hypothesis testing in research, farm management, and policymaking decisions will be discussed.</p>

EFFECTIVE APPROACHES TO IDENTIFYING WEEDS USING DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.P Tarik ◽  
◽  
P.A. Dmitriev ◽  
T.V. Varduny ◽  
D.P. Kupryushkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Precision Farming ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Sensing Data

Traditional methods used in crop production lead to environmental pollution and producers incur unnecessary costs. The latest trends in the development of agriculture are directed towards precision farming. Tools for efficient and accurate farming are seen in the identification of remote sensing data and the use of spectral sensors that quickly determine the required indicators. For the development of this direction, it is necessary to accurately identify the spectral characteristics of weeds.

scholarly journals Crop responses to climatic variation

2005 ◽  
Vol 360 (1463) ◽  
pp. 2021-2035 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R Porter ◽  
Mikhail A Semenov
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Variability ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Threshold Temperatures ◽  
The Impact

The yield and quality of food crops is central to the well being of humans and is directly affected by climate and weather. Initial studies of climate change on crops focussed on effects of increased carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) level and/or global mean temperature and/or rainfall and nutrition on crop production. However, crops can respond nonlinearly to changes in their growing conditions, exhibit threshold responses and are subject to combinations of stress factors that affect their growth, development and yield. Thus, climate variability and changes in the frequency of extreme events are important for yield, its stability and quality. In this context, threshold temperatures for crop processes are found not to differ greatly for different crops and are important to define for the major food crops, to assist climate modellers predict the occurrence of crop critical temperatures and their temporal resolution. This paper demonstrates the impacts of climate variability for crop production in a number of crops. Increasing temperature and precipitation variability increases the risks to yield, as shown via computer simulation and experimental studies. The issue of food quality has not been given sufficient importance when assessing the impact of climate change for food and this is addressed. Using simulation models of wheat, the concentration of grain protein is shown to respond to changes in the mean and variability of temperature and precipitation events. The paper concludes with discussion of adaptation possibilities for crops in response to drought and argues that characters that enable better exploration of the soil and slower leaf canopy expansion could lead to crop higher transpiration efficiency.

МАРКЕТИНГОВІ АСПЕКТИ ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ ЛІТЕРАТУРНИХ КОНКУРСІВ ТА ПРЕМІЙ

2020 ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
O. Bondar
Keyword(s):  
Publishing House ◽  
Target Audience ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Literary Field ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
The Media ◽  
Literary Prizes ◽  
The Impact

<p><em>In this study, I have collected and summarized the functional aspects of a literary prize, contest, and rating, which indicate their affiliation with the marketing complex of the publishing house for the first time. For this purpose, I have analyzed and summarized the common concepts of the functioning of literary prizes and contests as advertising tools for publishing activity. Because the previous studies are only focused on the fact of the impact of the prize on the promotion of editions but do not explain it, these aspects have been considered and introduced by me from the book production’s point of view. I investigated that the prizes and the contests in the literary field are effective marketing tools, which meet many publisher’s needs at the same time and can be considered a non-profit form of capital. I have reviewed the works of other authors, who accept that the economic success of the book is rising if the author is a winner of the literary prize or contest. I have found out that the book prize activates the demand for the book, and the literary contest is a tool to track the reader’s reaction to a future publication. In this way, literary prizes and contests can be considered as a way of conducting a marketing dialogue with the target audience. I have focused on the information support of literary national and international prizes and contests by the media, which attracts attention to the book and forms the reader’s interest. The literary prizes and contests are also considered as a way of exploring trends and their changes, familiarization the popular genres among the target audience and fixation the current choice of modern readers. Literary prizes and contests motivate the authors to improve their literary excellence, are the source of new authors and works, and assist in increasing sales of books. However, further research is recommended.</em></p><strong><em>Key words:</em></strong><em> book prize, book rating, literary contest, literary prize, functions of the literary prizes.</em>

Recent data on the causative agent of pale green dwarf (Acholeplasma laidlawii var. granulum incertae sedis) in Ukraine: pathogenicityand virulence factors and host reactions

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
K. Korobkova ◽  
V. Patyka
Keyword(s):  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Temporary Increase ◽  
Adhesive Properties ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Signaling Interactions ◽  
Pale Green

Contemporary state of the distribution of mycoplasma diseases of cultivated crops in Ukraine was analyzed. The changes of the physiological state of plant cells under the impact of mollicutes were investigated. It was demonstrated that there is temporary increase in the activity of peroxidase, catalase, polyphenoloxidase, phenylalanine-ammonia-lyase at the early stages of interaction. The adhesive properties are changed in the mollicutes under the impact of plant lectin; there is synthesis of new polypeptides. It was determined that the phytopathogenic acholeplasma is capable of producing a complex of proteolytic enzymes into the culture me- dium. It was concluded that when plant cells are infected with acholeplasma, a number of signaling interactions and metabolic transformations condition the recognition of pathogenesis and ensure the aggregate response of a plant to stress in the form of defense reactions. It was assumed that some specifi cities of the biology of phy- topathogenic acholeplasma determine their avoiding the immune mechanisms of plants and promote long-term persistence of mollicutes.

Specifics of creating an effective system of project financing of innovation and investment activities of dairy subcomplex enterprises

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 1951-1969
Author(s):  
S.A. Chernikova
Keyword(s):  
Financial Stability ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Project Financing ◽  
Financing System ◽  
Management Of Innovation ◽  
Effective System ◽  
The Impact

Subject. The article considers the need to study the financing of investment and innovation processes and creating an effective system of project financing. Objectives. The purpose is to search for new opportunities to enhance the competitive advantages of enterprises of the dairy subcomplex, to ensure their financial stability and steady position in specialized agricultural food-product markets. Methods. The study draws on the theoretical and methodological approach to the impact of project management of innovation and investment activities on improving the efficiency of the project financing system and financial stability of enterprises operating in the dairy subcomplex. Results. The findings show that four levels can be distinguished in the formation and improvement of the system of project financing and the management of innovation and investment activities, depending on the depth of transformation. The principle that provides the integration of the said system with the current model of management of the dairy subcomplex enterprise is defined as a driver. The paper offers a number of levels of the system transformation to gain competitive advantages. Conclusions. I present a mechanism for creating and improving the system of project financing and the management of innovation and investment activities, and a mechanism for interaction of the network of automated information systems, intended to make management decisions, with the automation of information support to innovative solutions.

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