scholarly journals Anthropogenic plutonium radioisotopes in the ecosystem components of Sevastopol Bay (the Black Sea)

2021 ◽  
Vol 937 (2) ◽  
pp. 022075
Author(s):  
A Paraskiv ◽  
N Tereshchenko ◽  
V Proskurnin ◽  
O Chuzhikova-Proskurnina ◽  
A Trapeznikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Activity Concentration ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Sevastopol Bay ◽  
Deposition Density ◽  
Concentration Factors ◽  
Accumulation Ability

Abstract Modern levels (2010-2020) of 239+240Pu activity concentration in Sevastopol Bay (Black Sea) surface waters, 0-5 cm layer of bottom sediments and hydrobionts were determined by multistage radiochemical technique. The 239+240Pu activity concentrations in Sevastopol Bay surface water were on relatively low level: 1.08±0.09 - 1.54±0.17 mBqnr3. The maximum value of 239+240Pu activity concentration in the bottom sediments surface layer was observed in Sevastopol Bay mouth (993±90 mBqkg1) and it decreased with distance from the bay entrance to its tail end down to the minimum value - 276±53 mBqkg1. Based on these results as well as on published data the 239+240Pu deposition density distribution in the bay boxes and their inventory in 0-5 cm layer of bottom sediments were estimated in every boxes. Total 239+240Pu inventory in the bottom sediments surface layer was estimated at 121 MBq, with the highest deposition density value determined in the mouth part of the bay. Among studied hydrobiont species the highest 239+240Pu content was determined for mollusks (for their shells) Mytilus galloprovincialis (Lamarck, 1819) while the lowest - for fish Scorpaena poreus (Linnaeus, 1758). Accumulation ability of studied ecosystem components of Sevastopol Bay against 239+240Pu was characterized by evaluating concentration factors (Cf). It was shown that the bottom sediments of the bay were the main depot for plutonium anthropogenic radionucludes (Cf (239+240Pu) = n-105). The Cf (239+240Pu) were from two to three orders of magnitude lower for the hydrobionts of the bay: n-103 for brown algae and mollusks and n-102 for green algae and fish.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of Macro- and Microelement Accumulation in Bottom Sediments of the Crimean Coastal Water Areas (the Black Sea) with Different Water Exchange Intensity based on XRF Data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Kotelyanets ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Water Exchange ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Geochemical Background ◽  
Local Pollution ◽  
Kerch Strait ◽  
Sevastopol Bay ◽  
High Concentrations

The paper analyzes content and spatial distribution peculiarities of macro- and microelements in the bottom sediments of Sevastopol bays, Feodosiya Gulf and Kerch Strait. Bottom sediment sampling was performed from 2005 to 2008 as well as in 2015, 2016, and 2018. Concentrations of macro- (Ti, Fe, Mn) and microelements (As, Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, Co, Cr, V, Sr) were studied by X-ray fluorescence analysis using Spectroscan MAKS-G spectrometer. The maximal content of Cr, Co, Ni, Zn, Pb, Sr exceeding the geochemical background was found in the water areas with difficult water exchange, which include bays of the Sevastopol region under intense anthropogenic influence: the Yuzhnaya Bay, Gollandiya Bay and Kilen-Bay. In the Kazachya Bay, the least polluted in the Sevastopol bay system, the content of Cr, Co, Ni, Zn, Pb, As, Sr also exceeded their geochemical background. As illustrated by the Balaklava Bay, the paper shows the influence of local pollution sources (the Balaklavka River runoff and municipal waste water) on the microelement distribution. Sevastopol bays are characterized by high concentrations of the studied elements in the bottom sediments. In the water areas with active water exchange, i. e. Feodosiya Gulf and Kerch Strait, concentration of the studied elements, except for Ni, Zn and Cr, did not exceed on the average the geochemical background of the open Black Sea shelf areas.

scholarly journals Oxygen absorption in the oxidation of organic compounds in the coastal sediments of Sevastopol (the Black Sea)

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 44-52
Author(s):  
V. P. Chekalov
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Coastal Sediments ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Oxygen Absorption ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Sevastopol Bay ◽  
Oxidation Of Organic Compounds

The formation of the oxygen regime of water bodies is closely related to the intensity of the biological processes in the bottom sediments. The aim of this work was the defining the role of  different groups of bacteria in the utilization of oxygen in the oxidation of organic compounds in the sediments of the coastal areas of Sevastopol, including using original methodological approaches. The total oxygen absorption of the bacterial community is considered as set of processes of aerobic utilization and oxidation of the reduced products of anaerobiosis. Oxygen absorbed in 0.01-cm surface layer is about 40 %. The values of oxygen flux through a unit surface of various mechanical composition of bottom sediments were quite comparable due to differences in the bacterial density and the depth of penetration of oxygen. The values of aerobic oxygen absorption changed from the mouth to the inner part of Sevastopol Bay from 2.69 to 1.82 mkgO2·sm-2·h-1. Utilization rate of organic carbon in the surface layer of Sevastopol Bay sediments was evaluated within 1.57–2.76 mkgС·sm-2·h-1 and reached 1.13 and 0.34 mkg in paleoriverbeds of Chernaya and Belbek. The production of reduced compounds in recalculation on H2S ranged from 0.096 to 0.65 mkg·sm-2·h-1. The share of active anaerobic microflora of the maximum possible in conditions of real temperature was 7.5–87.5 % and oxyphilic — 0.2–31 %. Thus, the ratio of aerobic oxygen demand and, through metabolism products oxidation, anaerobic microbiota determines their potential contribution to processes of decomposition of organic matter. However, realization of this possibility is limited by the factors of actual oxygen content and temperature.

scholarly journals Content of plutonium radionuclides in the bottom sediments of the salt lakes of the Crimean Peninsula in comparison with coastal areas of the Black Sea

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-51
Author(s):  
A. A. Paraskiv ◽  
N. N. Tereshchenko ◽  
V. Yu. Proskurnin
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Bottom Sediment ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Salt Lakes ◽  
Sediment Surface ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
The Crimean Peninsula

The level of radioactive alpha-emitting radionuclides 239+240Pu activity concentration assessment in the surface (0–5 cm) bottom sediments from 10 Crimean salt lakes from 4 geographical groups was carried out. The highest values were observed in the lakes from different geographical groups: Kyzyl-Yar – (419 ± 27), Dzharylhach – (443 ± 24), Tobechik – (451 ± 43) mBq·kg-1 of 239+240Pu. The lowest values were observed in 3 studied lakes of Perekop group: Kiyat – (24 ± 6), Kirleut – (48 ± 4), Krasnoye – (95 ± 9) mBq·kg-1 of 239+240Pu. The comparative analysis showed that in the bottom sediment surface layer of the coastal Black Sea areas the 239+240Pu levels were on average twice as high as those in the surface bottom sediment of the salt lakes of the Crimean peninsula. The dose rates in the surface layer mud from the salt lakes were estimated to be within the natural radioactive background.

scholarly journals The chemical-microbiological characteristics of sea water and bottom sediments of the Kerch Strait and adjacent water areas

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-85
Author(s):  
E. A. Tikhonova ◽  
N. V. Burdiyan ◽  
O. V. Soloveva
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Water Area ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Azov Sea ◽  
Sea Bottom ◽  
Oil Hydrocarbons

This paper presents the results of contamination level of sea bottom sediments and seawater in the water areas by the strait of the Black Sea and the Azov Sea by oil hydrocarbons and chloroform-extractable substances studies (spring, autumn 2016). Comparison of marine environment pollution levels with the results of previous studies (2007–2010) and sanitary norms is given. The quantitative characteristics of  heterotrophic and oil-oxidizing microbiota in the designated areas are presented. It was determined that the concentration of oil hydrocarbons in the water surface layer in the water area by the strait of the Azov Sea did not exceed the current norm (0.05 mg·l-1). The single cases of the maximum permissible concentration exceeding were registered in the water area by the strait of the Black Sea (autumn 2016). In the surface layer of Azov Sea water, the number of heterotrophic bacteria ranged from 104 to 105 cells·ml-1, and the oil-oxidizing bacteria were isolated in single quantities. In the water area of the Black Sea region of the strait the number of heterotrophic bacteria was 106, the number of oil-oxidizing bacteria did not exceed 10 cells·ml-1. In comparison with the previous years’ data, there was an increase in quantitative indicators of chloroform-extractable substances and oil hydrocarbons in the sea bottom sediments. The overall level of pollution did not exceed the average values determined for the region. The number of heterotrophic bacteria in the sea bottom sediments varied in the Strait of Azov water area from 2,5·104 to 4,5·104 cells·g-1, while that of oil-oxidizing bacteria varied from 2,5·10 to 4,5·102 cells·g-1. In the sea bottom sediments of the Black Sea, the number of heterotrophic bacteria was 4,5·103 cells·g-1, the number of oil oxidizing bacteria was 10 cells·g-1.

Significance of Mineralogical and Lithologic-Petrographical Rank in the Ranking of Geological Information

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 33-49
Author(s):  
O.V. CHEPIZHKO ◽  
V.V. YANKO ◽  
V.M. KADURIN ◽  
I.M. NAUMKO ◽  
S.M. SHATALIN
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Sedimentary Cover ◽  
Geochemical Characteristics ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Flow Parameters ◽  
Geochemical Parameters ◽  
Geological Information

For the first time the importance of mineralogical and lithological-petrographical ranks in the line of geological information ranks is substantiated for implementation of long-term forecasts, standard and non-standard approaches to research of physical and geochemical parameters as a basis of creation of complex system of forecast criteria and prospecting indicators of hydrocarbons within the sedimentary cover of Black sea based on the theory of global fluid-flows derivation. These criteria have different sensitivity to the object (hydrocarbon deposits) and are therefore ranked. The ranking determined the following parameters: 1) seismic data within the object, obtained by the method of deep seismic sounding, RWM SDP; 2) parameters of tectono-geodynamic structures; 3) the main characteristics of sedimentary cover and bedrock; 4) geochemical characteristics; 5) parameters of mineral complexes and fluid inclusions in mineral neoformations; 6) the value of the distribution of meiobenthos. Based on modern views of oil and gas geology, structural-tectonic and lithological-facies criteria are among the main ones. The study of the mineralogical component of sediments is made with using mineralogical, thermobarogeochemical and X-ray spectral methods. Fixation of anomalies of fluid flow at the bottom of the Black Sea as to the distribution of abiotic parameters in order to assess the prospects of oil and gas is determined by structural and tectonic features and high permeability of fluid flow; parameters of mineral complexes (minerals, facies) and genetic connections; heterogeneity of geochemical characteristics of bottom sediments; the presence of hydrocarbon inclusions in authigenic minerals of bottom sediments.

Oithona davisae: naturalization in the Black sea, inter-annual and seasonal dynamics, effect on the structure of the planktonic copepod community

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 1008-1015
Author(s):  
A. D. Gubanova ◽  
O. A. Garbazey ◽  
D. A. Altukhov ◽  
V. S. Mukhanov ◽  
E. V. Popova
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Acartia Tonsa ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Copepod Community ◽  
Oithona Davisae ◽  
Sevastopol Bay

Long-term (20032014) routine observations of zooplankton in Sevastopol Bay (the Black Sea) have allowed the naturalization of the invasive copepod Oithona davisae to be studied in the Black Sea coastal waters. Inter-annual and seasonal variability of the species and their impact on the native copepod community have been analyzed. The invasion of O. davisae and their undoubted dominance in terms of abundance were shown to alter the community structure but, at the same time, the abundances of the native species did not decrease, excepting the Black Sea earlier invader Acartia tonsa. A significant decline in A. tonsa numbers over the stages of O. davisae establishment and naturalization provided evidence of competition between the species. O. davisae have been demonstrated to gain competitive advantage over A. tonsa, that ensured their fast dispersal in the Black Sea, acclimatization in the new habitat and the successful competition over native species.

Role of suspended matter in controlling beryllium-7 (7Be) in the Black Sea surface layer

2021 ◽  
pp. 103513
Author(s):  
Dmitrii A. Kremenchutskii ◽  
Gennady F. Batrakov ◽  
Illarion I. Dovhyi ◽  
Yury A. Sapozhnikov
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Suspended Matter ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
The Black Sea

Anthropogenic Impact on the Lithodynamics of the Coastal Zone of the Southern and Western Black Sea Coast (Review)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. V. Efremova ◽  
Yu. N. Goryachkin ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
River Flow ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Coastal Zones ◽  
Natural Dynamics ◽  
The Impact

Anthropogenic impact on lithodynamics of the coastal zone changes the natural dynamics of bottom sediments, which leads to increased abrasion and swelling of beaches, activation of landslide processes creating a threat of destruction of the coastal infrastructure. The article aims at providing an overview of the scientific literature on the anthropogenic impact on lithodynamics of the coastal zone of the southern and western coasts of the Black Sea (shores of Romania, Bulgaria and Turkey). The work shows that with all the differences in the natural conditions of the coastal zones of these countries the types of anthropogenic effects they undergo are almost the same. These include: hydrotechnical construction without regard to the impact on the neighbouring coast sections; reduction of solid river flow due to river regulation by reservoirs; construction of capital facilities directly on the beaches; illegal extraction of sand from beaches and river beds; dredging with sale of the extracted material to construction companies; covering of cliffs by various structures; destruction of coastal dunes, etc. The main negative consequences of these actions are reflected in disruption of natural dynamics and shortages of bottom sediments, changes in the coastline, reduced aesthetic attractiveness and accessibility of shores, destruction of coastal ecosystems. The article also provides information on the legislation of these countries regarding environmental management in the coastal zone

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