Blood Lead Levels of Pregnant Women in Agricultural and Coastal Area: A SDG’s Indicator for Health and Pollution in Brebes District

Abstract Maternal mortality is still a severe problem in Indonesia. One of the causes is the blood lead levels. Blood lead levels in pregnant women can increase the risk of preeclampsia which is the cause of high maternal mortality in Indonesia. One of the factors for high blood lead levels is living close to the source of lead pollution. This study determines the differences in blood lead levels in pregnant women in agricultural and coastal areas in Brebes District. The t-test independent is used to analyze the mean differences with SPSS v 21 software with 84 samples. The results show a significant difference in the average blood lead levels in pregnant women in agricultural and coastal areas in Brebes Regency (p-value=0,047). The average blood lead levels are higher in agricultural areas (46.243 µg/dL) than in coastal areas (37.731 µg/dL). It can be implied that the risk of maternal mortality in an agricultural area is higher than in a coastal area.

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The correlation between uremic pruritus and blood lead levels in prevalent hemodialysis patients and its relation to the severity of pruritus using visual analog score

The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine ◽

10.1186/s43162-021-00045-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sahar Mahmoud Shawky ◽

Reeham Abdel Aziz Abdel Hamid ◽

Lina Essam Khedr

Keyword(s):

Blood Lead ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Hemodialysis Patients ◽

Visual Analog Score ◽

Blood Lead Levels ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Uremic Pruritus ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Lead Levels ◽

Group 2

Abstract Background Pruritus is a common and often distressing symptom in patients with chronic kidney disease. Though the pathogenesis of uremic pruritus remains poorly understood, systemic inflammation has presented itself as one of the possible explanations. High blood lead levels (BLLs) have been noted to be associated with inflammation and poor nutritional status in hemodialysis patients. Our aim is to study the relation between blood lead levels and uremic pruritus. This is a cross-sectional study that enrolled 50 patients; all were on regular hemodialysis 3 times per week for at least 6 months. Patients were divided into 2 groups, group 1 (n =10) with no pruritus and group 2 (n=40) with varying degrees of pruritus. Group 2 was further divided according to intensity of pruritus by visual analog score (VAS) into mild (n=10), moderate (n=20), and severe pruritus (n=10). Results There was a significant difference in serum lead levels and ferritin levels between groups 1 and 2 (p value < 0.01 and < 0.05, respectively). There was a statistically significant difference in serum lead levels in the groups with varying intensity of pruritus, having higher serum lead levels in patients who exhibited severe pruritus (p value < 0.005) Moreover, a statistically significant relation between elevated blood lead levels and the duration of dialysis was observed in this study. Conclusion Uremic pruritus is a multi-factorial phenomenon, and our study showed that blood lead levels in hemodialysis patients might be associated with increased intensity of pruritus.

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Assessment of a Screening Questionnaire to Identify Exposure to Lead in Pregnant Women

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17249220 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (24) ◽

pp. 9220

Author(s):

Eléna Coiplet ◽

Marine Freuchet ◽

Claire Sunyach ◽

Julien Mancini ◽

Jeanne Perrin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Lead Exposure ◽

Blood Lead ◽

Blood Lead Levels ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Lead Levels ◽

Risk Of Exposure ◽

Exposure During Pregnancy ◽

Systematic Identification

Lead readily crosses the placenta and displays adverse effects on birth outcomes and neurodevelopment. Systematic identification of the risk of exposure during pregnancy is essential but rarely performed, probably due to hospital staff’s workload and their lack of awareness. We aimed to evaluate the relevance of a questionnaire to screen pregnant women for lead exposure. A cross-sectional, multicentre study was carried out on a population of 792 pregnant women from February 2018 to May 2020. A total of 596 women had a blood lead test: 68.5% had blood lead levels below 10 μg/L. The estimated prevalence above 25 µg/L was 4% (95% confidence interval (CI) [2.6–5.9]) and 1.3% had levels above 50 µg/L (95% CI [0.6–2.6]). Multivariate analysis showed that three risk factors significantly increased the probability of blood lead levels above 25 µg/L: the use of traditional cosmetics (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 3.90; 95% CI [1.65–9.21]; p = 0.002), degraded old housing (aOR: 2.67; 95% CI [1.19–6.038]; p = 0.018), and (marginally) eating bread more than twice a day (aOR: 2.40; 95% CI [0.96–6.11]; p = 0.060). Our study reveals that a three-question tool can be used to quickly screen for the risk of lead exposure in our population and to trigger lead blood tests and special vigilance during pregnancy follow-up.

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Role of metallothionein 2A polymorphism on lead metabolism: Are pregnant women with a heterozygote genotype for metallothionein 2A polymorphism and their newborns at risk of having higher blood lead levels?

Toxicology Letters ◽

10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.05.383 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 205 ◽

pp. S106 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Z. Kayaalti ◽

D. Tekin ◽

T. Söylemezoğlu

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Blood Lead ◽

Blood Lead Levels ◽

Lead Metabolism ◽

Lead Levels

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Elevated blood lead levels in pregnant women: identification of a high-risk population and interventions

Journal of Perinatal Medicine ◽

10.1515/jpm.2007.131 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 35 (6) ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Shantanu Rastogi ◽

Kiran Nandlike ◽

William Fenster

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Blood Lead ◽

Blood Lead Levels ◽

High Risk Population ◽

Elevated Blood ◽

Risk Population ◽

Lead Levels ◽

Elevated Blood Lead Levels

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Correlation of Blood Lead Levels and Elevated Blood Pressure in Newly Detected Hypertensive Patients

Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences ◽

10.14260/jemds/2021/203 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (13) ◽

pp. 941-946

Author(s):

Shuaib Ahmed M. A ◽

Raghav Sharma ◽

Shama Prakash K

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Systolic Blood Pressure ◽

Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽

Lead Level ◽

Blood Lead ◽

Health Concern ◽

Blood Lead Levels ◽

P Value ◽

Hypertensive Patients ◽

Lead Levels

BACKGROUND Hypertension is one of the most common diseases all over the world. Lead is a common environmental and industrial pollutant with no beneficial biological role. The contribution of environmental lead exposure to hypertension is an important public health concern. The objective of this study was to determine the blood lead levels in hypertensive patients and to investigate the correlation between blood lead (B-Pb) levels and the values of blood pressure in hypertensive patients. METHODS This is a hospital based analytical cross-sectional study conducted over a period of one and half years. Subjects included 50 newly detected hypertensive and 50 healthy subjects recruited who were both age and sex matched. Mean of age, blood lead levels, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) with standard deviation were assessed. Linear regression was used to estimate the predicted systolic blood pressure (BP) and diastolic BP with lead levels. Pearson correlation was used to estimate the correlation between blood lead and blood pressure levels. RESULTS In this study, 52 % of cases and controls were in the age group of 41 - 60 years. 22 % of the subjects were more than 61 years of age. 45 % of the total subjects were females and 55 % were males. 46 % of the controls and 44 % of the cases were females. Comparison of the serum lead levels (mcg / dl) between cases and controls showed that serum lead levels (mcg / dl) were higher in Cases group with a t-value of -7.38 and was statistically significant with a P-value of < 0.001. Comparison of the serum lead levels (mcg / dl) between the males and females showed that serum lead levels (mcg / dl) were higher in female group with a t-value of - 0.151 and was statistically non-significant with a P-value of 0.881. This study showed that there is an increase in blood lead levels in hypertensive patients compared to the control group. Stage 2 hypertension has higher serum lead level value of 21.228 compared to stage 1. Serum lead levels were higher in females compared to males. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicated that blood lead level is significantly and positively correlated to blood pressure among newly detected hypertensive patients. Increase in blood lead levels causes increase in both systolic and diastolic blood pressures. KEY WORDS Hypertension, Lead, Systolic Blood Pressure, Diastolic Blood Pressure

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