scholarly journals Habitat use and diet of the bear cuscus Ailurops ursinus (Temminck, 1824) in various forest ecosystem types in South Sulawesi

2021 ◽  
Vol 948 (1) ◽  
pp. 012033
Author(s):  
R Nugraha ◽  
A A Andriyani ◽  
S N Marliana
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Evergreen Forest ◽  
Goodness Of Fit Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Dipterocarp Forest ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The population of the bear cuscus Ailurops ursinus (Temminck, 1824), an arboreal marsupial endemic to Sulawesi, Indonesia, and its satellite islands, is declining rapidly due to poaching and habitat loss, even in protected areas. However, despite concerns over its persistence, little is actually known of this secretive species. This research investigated the characteristics of the selected habitats and diet of the bear cuscus in four ecosystem types (lowland non-dipterocarp forest, lowland limestone forest, lowland monsoon deciduous forest, lowland monsoon evergreen forest). Habitat use data were collected through direct encounters and indirect observations (tracks, signs, secondary information), and analyzed using a chi-square goodness-of-fit test. Habitat characteristics and diet availability were determined using vegetation analysis. Diet data were obtained using direct observations, feed remains, and interviews. The lowland non-dipterocarp forest ecosystem was used significantly more by bear cuscus populations. Its habitats across the four ecosystem types had similar environmental conditions. Fifty-five plant species, eaten mostly as young leaves and leaf buds, encompassed the bear cuscus’ diet, with the Moraceae family being the most representative. Considering the ubiquity of Moraceae in the bear cuscus’ habitat, these results highlight the impact unchecked deforestation will continue to have on lowland Indonesia and its endemic species.

scholarly journals The Relative Age Effect in Czech U14 Male and Female Tennis Players in 2007–2016

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-60
Author(s):  
Roman Koloničný
Keyword(s):  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Age Effect ◽  
Goodness Of Fit Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
Relative Age ◽  
Relative Age Effect ◽  
Junior Tennis ◽  
The Impact

The issue of the Relative Age Effect (RAE) has been long researched, discussed and published both in the academic and coaching community and the number of studies on it in various sports has significantly grown in recent years. The aim of this study was to verify the existence of RAE among Czech male (n = 6552) and female (n = 4131) junior tennis players and to identify possible differences in birthdate effect between male and female players. The research was carried out in players registered in the years 2007–2016 in the U14 age category in Czech Tennis Association (CTA) database; the athletes were divided into three subgroups (‘Ranked’, ‘Top 100’, ‘Top 10’). Research data were analysed by the methods of descriptive and inferential statistics: relative and absolute frequency, chi-square goodness of fit test () and chi-square test of independence () with the use of effect size (ES index w). A declining tendency of frequencies from Q1 to Q4 between male and female junior players was proven in all three subgroups.In the whole period of 2007–2016, a significant and strong RAE was demonstrated only in the ‘Top 10’ male subgroup (RAE was significant and ES was small or trivial in the other two subgroups). Among the female players, RAE was significant in all three subgroups (ES was small or trivial). Gender differences in RAE in favour of male players were significant in ‘Top 100’ and ‘Ranked’ (ES was small or trivial in all three subgroups). In the short and long term, RAE can have significant implications for the sport development of athletes; both coaches and the professional public can therefore be recommended to pay attention to this issue. The impact of RAE in sport, i.e. the uneven distribution of athletes’ birthdates, is more pronounced especially among junior athletes and often significantly affects their sports development and career.

scholarly journals The Relative Age Effect on Competition Performance of Spanish International Handball Players: A Longitudinal Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonso de la Rubia ◽  
Alberto Lorenzo ◽  
Christian Thue Bjørndal ◽  
Adam Leigh Kelly ◽  
Abraham García-Aliaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Goodness Of Fit Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Relative Age ◽  
Performance Trends ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Background: Competitive success is the ultimate objective of elite professional sport organisations. Relative age effects (RAE) impact athlete selection processes in the short and long-term performance. The aims of this study were: (i) examine the presence of RAE by gender, competitive level, and playing position, as well as evaluate the impact of RAE on individual (goals, percentage of effectiveness in shots, saves; percentage of effectiveness in saves, assists, turnovers, steals, blocked shots, penalties, minutes played, and minutes played per match) and collective competition performance (final team position); and (ii) analyse the impact of RAE on the evolutionary trends of individual performance in international competitions throughout 16 seasons in Spanish handball (2005–2020).Methods: The sample included 631 Spanish handball players (male: n = 359; female: n = 272). A Chi-square goodness-of-fit test was used to assess whether a skewed birthdate distribution occurred. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) of independent measures was used to examine the individual and collective statistical parameters by birth quartiles. A linear regression in a Hopkins sheet were performed to compare individual performance trends.Results: The results revealed RAE in the male formative categories (p < 0.001), as well as the male and female senior categories (p < 0.05). By position, RAE especially affected the “centre-back” in the male formative (p < 0.01) and senior categories (p < 0.05). No significant relationship between RAE and individual performance was found in male formative categories, while an impact of RAE on the “minutes played” was detected in the female senior category (p < 0.05). With regard to collective performance, a higher number of relatively older handball players was observed in the best ranked teams in the male formative categories and in the quarter-final teams in the female formative categories (p < 0.05). Among the male players, relatively older players spent more minutes on the court than relatively younger players, although this advantage dissipated over time and did not lead to better performance. Among the female players, relatively younger players were found to perform better as the level of competitive handball increased.Discussion: These findings are important for talent identification and development policies in sport federations and other elite sport institutions by demonstrating the many unintended consequences of selections to international competitions at the youth level.

scholarly journals Design and Validation of a Questionnaire on Influence of the University Classroom on Motivation and Sociability

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Mariana-Daniela González-Zamar ◽  
Luis Ortiz Jiménez ◽  
Adoración Sánchez Ayala
Keyword(s):  
Content Validity ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Measurement Instrument ◽  
Classroom Design ◽  
Educational Tool ◽  
Goodness Of Fit Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Learning Space ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact

In recent years, the changes experienced in the educational and social field have been reflected in the growing interest in defining how the attributes of the learning space affect students. This study seeks to determine the influence exerted by the design and organization of the university classroom on motivation and social interaction. The objective was to develop and validate a measurement instrument to evaluate the impact of the university classroom design on the student, considering their physical, environmental, perceptual, and motivational attributes. The questionnaire was applied to a sample of 402 students from the University of Almeria (Spain). The reliability and content validity of the construct were analyzed. Reliability was demonstrated by a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.938 for the dimensions with quantitative cut items, being highly satisfactory. The Chi-square goodness of fit test analyzed the qualitative items. Content validity was subject to expert judgment. It is concluded that the presented instrument meets the required technical attributes, to be considered a reliable and valid educational tool for measurement.

scholarly journals Developing and improving human capital and productivity in public companies

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
Nozipho Sithole ◽  
Musawenkosi Ngibe
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Education Programme ◽  
Goodness Of Fit Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Public Companies ◽  
Capital Development ◽  
The Impact

This article assesses the impact of the Assisted Education Programme (AEP) in developing, improving human capital and productivity specifically for eThekwini Municipality employee human resource. This programme offers funding to employees to further their studies in higher learning institutions, which are in partnership with and recognized by eThekwini Municipality. The core function of this programme is to improve and develop employee capabilities in order to enhance municipal productivity. However, different factors have prohibited the programme from reaching required funding polity objectives. Participants filled in questionnaires and from them data were collected. The study used quantitative research as a method of research. The target population for this study consisted of 100 participants. The study sample size were 64 participants which were randomly selected out of the Durban Solid Waste Unit, specifically general assistants. The study analyzed data using SPSS (version 23.0). A significant percentage of respondents indicated to a lack of transparency and poor consistency in the process of awarding the funding and to insufficient information, which detailed the criteria for eligibility of applicants. Henceforth, the study concluded that municipal employee underutilized the AEP because of being ill informed about it. This resulted in the employee perception that the programme had little or no benefit to them and that it had no value in improving their human capital development. This finding is shown by a Chi-square goodness of fit test to be statistically significant (std=1.49150; mean=2.7500; p=.000).

scholarly journals Raking-ratio empirical process with auxiliary information learning

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 435-453
Author(s):  
Mickael Albertus
Keyword(s):  
Asymptotic Behavior ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Empirical Process ◽  
Information Source ◽  
Auxiliary Information ◽  
Computational Method ◽  
Empirical Measure ◽  
Ratio Method ◽  
Goodness Of Fit Test ◽  
Chi Square

The raking-ratio method is a statistical and computational method which adjusts the empirical measure to match the true probability of sets of a finite partition. The asymptotic behavior of the raking-ratio empirical process indexed by a class of functions is studied when the auxiliary information is given by estimates. These estimates are supposed to result from the learning of the probability of sets of partitions from another sample larger than the sample of the statistician, as in the case of two-stage sampling surveys. Under some metric entropy hypothesis and conditions on the size of the information source sample, the strong approximation of this process and in particular the weak convergence are established. Under these conditions, the asymptotic behavior of the new process is the same as the classical raking-ratio empirical process. Some possible statistical applications of these results are also given, like the strengthening of the Z-test and the chi-square goodness of fit test.

scholarly journals The analysis of FSH beta-subunit gene genotypes in East Anatolian Red, East Anatolian Red×Holstein, and Zavot bulls

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-97
Author(s):  
Sena Ardicli
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Fixation Index ◽  
Goodness Of Fit Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Genotypic Distribution ◽  
Test Population ◽  
Beta Subunit Gene ◽  
Index Level

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the genotypic distribution and population genetic parameters of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) located on exon 3 at the FSHB gene in East Anatolian Red (EAR), East Anatolian Red×Holstein (EAR×H), and Zavot (Z) bulls. A total of 68 cattle including EAR (n=34), EAR×H (n=20), and Z (n=14) bulls were used. Genomic DNA was isolated from blood samples using the phenol/chloroform method. The genotyping of the SNP was carried out by the PCR-RFLP using the PstI restriction enzyme. Deviation from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) was calculated by using the chi-square goodness-of-fit test. Population genetics evaluation was performed for effective allele numbers, the polymorphism information content, theoretical heterozygosity, the fixation index, level of possible variability realization, and the Shannon-Weaver diversity index. In the present study, the AA and the AB genotypes were predominant in EAR and EAR×H bulls, respectively. Zavot breed was found to be monomorphic. There was a deviation from HWE, concerning the total cattle population. The population genetics evaluation showed that the marker was moderately informative for EAR and the crossbreeds, as well as the total population. Consequently, the polymorphism (rs207774587) within exon 3 of the bovine FSHB can be interpreted as a genetic marker with reliable variability for EAR and the crossbreeds, but not in Zavot cattle.

scholarly journals Modelling the number of olive groves in Spanish municipalities

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. e0201
Author(s):  
Maria-Dolores Huete ◽  
Juan A. Marmolejo
Keyword(s):  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Likelihood Estimation ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Discrete Distributions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Goodness Of Fit Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Total Variability ◽  
Olive Groves

<p>The univariate generalized Waring distribution (UGWD) is presented as a new model to describe the goodness of fit, applicable in the context of agriculture. In this paper, it was used to model the number of olive groves recorded in Spain in the 8,091 municipalities recorded in the 2009 Agricultural Census, according to which the production of oil olives accounted for 94% of total output, while that of table olives represented 6% (with an average of 44.84 and 4.06 holdings per Spanish municipality, respectively). UGWD is suitable for fitting this type of discrete data, with strong left-sided asymmetry. This novel use of UGWD can provide the foundation for future research in agriculture, with the advantage over other discrete distributions that enables the analyst to split the variance. After defining the distribution, we analysed various methods for fitting the parameters associated with it, namely estimation by maximum likelihood, estimation by the method of moments and a variant of the latter, estimation by the method of frequencies and moments. For oil olives, the chi-square goodness of fit test gives <em>p</em>-values of 0.9992, 0.9967 and 0.9977, respectively. However, a poor fit was obtained for the table olive distribution. Finally, the variance was split, following Irwin, into three components related to random factors, external factors and internal differences. For the distribution of the number of olive grove holdings, this splitting showed that random and external factors only account about 0.22% and 0.05%. Therefore, internal differences within municipalities play an important role in determining total variability.</p>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document