scholarly journals Accuracy Assessment for points coordinates surveyed using low-cost Unmanned Aerial Vehicle and Global Positioning System with 3Dsurvey and 3DF Zephyr software

2022 ◽  
Vol 961 (1) ◽  
pp. 012046
Author(s):  
A H Hilal ◽  
O Z Jasim ◽  
H S Ismael
Keyword(s):  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Accuracy Assessment ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Bundle Adjustment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Adjustment Procedure ◽  
Ground Control Points ◽  
Global Positioning

Abstract Ground Control Points GCPs are the only way to obtain accurate positions in aerial surveys. At least three points should be utilized, and the model will get increasingly accurate in X, Y, and Z coordinates as the number rises. The accuracy of the 3D model created from aerial photography is also affected by the arrangement of GCPs. The goal of this research is to determine the optimal number and arrangement of GCPs in order to obtain the lowest possible error in point positioning. A conventional UAV called DJI Mavic 2 pro was used to photograph one and a half square kilometer site at an elevation equal to hundred meters from earth’s surface with nadir camera configuration. GSD (ground sampling distance) of 2.3 centimeters was used to collect 1515 pictures. 62 GCPs were observed in PPK (Post Processing kinematic) method using a DGPS (differential global positioning system) receiver GS 15 from Leica. The study area was split into two areas, one with a straight arrangement of GCPs and the other with a diagonal arrangement of GCPs. The pictures were processed using 3Dsurvey and 3DF Zephyr software utilizing a full bundle adjustment procedure with increasing GCPs number beginning with three GCPs and ending with twenty-six GCPs for both arrangement layout, with the other points serving as check points for the model’s accuracy at each attempt. The check point coordinates obtained were compared to the DGPS coordinates. The result indicates the optimal GCP number needed for the most accurate position and spread layout. That the minimum gap between adjacent GCPs ought to be not over than 100 meters and spread homogenously.

scholarly journals In-motion Alignment of a Low-cost GPS/INS under Large Heading Error

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burak H. Kaygısız ◽  
Bekir Şen
Keyword(s):  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Inertial Navigation System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Alignment Procedure ◽  
Attitude Error ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
New Type ◽  
Navigation Accuracy

This paper presents a new type of Global Positioning System/Inertial Navigation System (GPS/INS) providing higher navigation accuracy under large initial heading error. The mechanization introduced is applicable to low cost GPS/INS systems and enhances the performance when the heading error is large. The proposed approach has the capability to decrease large heading errors very quickly and can start the strapdown navigation computations under poor heading accuracy without any special alignment procedure. Although the design is applicable to land, sea and aerial vehicles, a land vehicle is used for the performance tests. The test is conducted around a closed path and the proposed system is compared to a GPS/INS system based on small attitude error assumption. The performance of both systems is given in this paper.

scholarly journals Indoor Localization System Using Wi-Fi Technology

2019 ◽  
pp. 69-77
Keyword(s):  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Indoor Localization ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Localization System ◽  
Transmission Technique ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Global Positioning

Recently, indoor localization has witnessed an increase in interest, due to the potential wide range of using in different applications, such as Internet of Things (IoT). It is also providing a solution for the absence of Global Positioning System (GPS) signals inside buildings. Different techniques have been used for performing the indoor localization, such as sensors and wireless technologies. In this paper, an indoor localization and object tracking system is proposed based on WiFi transmission technique. It is done by distributing different WiFi sources around the building to read the data of the tracked objects. This is to measure the distance between the WiFi receiver and the object to allocate and track it efficiently. The test results show that the proposed system is working in an efficient way with low cost.

scholarly journals HEIGHT ACCURACY BASED ON DIFFERENT RTK GPS METHOD FOR ULTRALIGHT AIRCRAFT IMAGES

2015 ◽  
Vol XL-3/W3 ◽  
pp. 287-292
Author(s):  
K. N. Tahar
Keyword(s):  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Local Network ◽  
Ground Control ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Ground Control Points ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Time Correction ◽  
Rtk Gps ◽  
Gps Station

Height accuracy is one of the important elements in surveying work especially for control point’s establishment which requires an accurate measurement. There are many methods can be used to acquire height value such as tacheometry, leveling and Global Positioning System (GPS). This study has investigated the effect on height accuracy based on different observations which are single based and network based GPS methods. The GPS network is acquired from the local network namely Iskandar network. This network has been setup to provide real-time correction data to rover GPS station while the single network is based on the known GPS station. Nine ground control points were established evenly at the study area. Each ground control points were observed about two and ten minutes. It was found that, the height accuracy give the different result for each observation.

scholarly journals An Onboard Vision-Based System for Autonomous Landing of a Low-Cost Quadrotor on a Novel Landing Pad

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (21) ◽  
pp. 4703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu ◽  
Zhang ◽  
Tian ◽  
Liu
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Pose Estimation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Autonomous Landing ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Optical Markers ◽  
Vision Algorithm ◽  
Landing Control

In this paper, an onboard vision-based system for the autonomous landing of a low-cost quadrotor is presented. A novel landing pad with different optical markers sizes is carefully designed to be robustly recognized at different distances. To provide reliable pose information in a GPS (Global Positioning System)-denied environment, a vision algorithm for real-time landing pad recognition and pose estimation is implemented. The dynamic model of the quadrotor is established and a system scheme for autonomous landing control is presented. A series of autonomous flights have been successfully performed, and a video of the experiment is available online. The efficiency and accuracy of the presented vision-based system is demonstrated by using its position and attitude estimates as control inputs for the autonomous landing of a self-customized quadrotor.

scholarly journals A Low-Cost System for Measuring Horizontal Winds from Single-Engine Aircraft

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1312-1320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen A. Conley ◽  
Ian C. Faloona ◽  
Donald H. Lenschow ◽  
Anna Karion ◽  
Colm Sweeney
Keyword(s):  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Horizontal Wind ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Cost System ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
True Airspeed ◽  
Wind Measurements

Abstract The implementation and accuracy of a low-rate (~1 Hz) horizontal wind measurement system is described for a fixed-wing aircraft without modification to the airframe. The system is based on a global positioning system (GPS) compass that provides aircraft heading and a ground-referenced velocity, which, when subtracted from the standard true airspeed, provides estimates of the horizontal wind velocity. A series of tests was performed flying “L”-shaped patterns above the boundary layer, where the winds were assumed to be horizontally homogeneous over the area bounded by the flight (approximately 25 km2). Four headings were flown at each altitude at a constant airspeed. Scaling corrections for both heading and airspeed were found by minimizing the variance in the 1-s wind measurements; an upper limit to the error was then computed by calculating the variance of the corrected wind measurements on each of the four headings. A typical uncertainty found in this manner tends to be less than 0.2 m s−1. The measurement system described herein is inexpensive and relatively easy to implement on single-engine aircraft.

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