Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Inhibitor Rapamycin Alleviates 7-Ketocholesterol Induced Inflammatory Responses and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Elevation by Regulating MAPK Pathway in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Yang ◽  
Peng Yu ◽  
Mei Chen ◽  
Bo Lei
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Mapk Pathway ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Mammalian Target Of Rapamycin ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Epithelium Cells

scholarly journals Effects of refraction and axial length on the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 205-209
Author(s):  
M.M. Bikbov ◽  
◽  
O.I. Orenburkina ◽  
A.E. Babushkin ◽  
A.A. Fakhretdinova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Axial Length ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Keywords Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Eye Disorders ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

Eye disorders have a special place in diabetes since visual impairment has a significant effect on the quality of life. Therefore, determining risk factors and prognostic criteria for disease course are essential for developing strategies for early prevention of diabetic retinopathy (DR). This paper addresses studies on various aspects of DR in patients with myopia. It was demonstrated that DR arises, develops, and progresses in different ways under various axial lengths (AL). Thus, many authors report that DR barely occurs in high myopia. Some of them account for this phenomenon for poor blood circulation in a long myopic eye. Others refer to a significantly lower vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) concentration in longer eyes or eyes with myopic refraction. The third authors argue a focal disintegration of retinal pigment epithelium to eliminate metabolic end products through the choroid and sclera. As a result, neither acidosis nor venous congestion develops, and endothelial barrier function remains unaffected Keywords: diabetic retinopathy, myopia, axial length, vascular endothelial growth factor, emmetropia, hyperopia, diabetes. For citation: Bikbov M.M., Orenburkina O.I., Babushkin A.E., Fakhretdinova A.A. Effects of refraction and axial length on the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2021;21(4):205–209 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729- 2021-21-4-205-209.

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