Geospatial Risk Factors of Canine American Trypanosomiasis (Chagas Disease) (42 Cases: 2000–2012)

American trypanosomiasis is a growing health issue in the Americas. México is an endemic country, where some locations such as in the State of México are considered highly prevalent. In the valley of Toluca city, the capital of the State of Mexico, there exists an apparent high prevalence in dogs. The absence of triatomine vectors suggests that dogs may not be infected. Therefore, we conducted a directed survey to domiciliated and nondomiciliated dogs to reassess dogs’T. cruziseroprevalence status. HAI and ELISA serologic tests were applied to 124 and 167 serums of domiciliated and nondomiciliated dogs in the target city. Risk factors were estimated, but the results did not show any evidence to assess them. No domiciliated dogs tested positive to both tests, whereas only one non-domiciliated dog resulted positive. This animal may have acquired the infection in an endemic area and then migrated to Toluca. Research results indicate thatT. cruziinfection is not actively transmitted among dogs, and it is pointed out that dogs are the main sentinel animal population to evaluate a possible expansion of the territory affected by Chagas’ disease.

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Major Kinds of Drug Targets in Chagas Disease or American Trypanosomiasis

Current Drug Targets ◽

10.2174/1389450120666190423160804 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (11) ◽

pp. 1203-1216 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Vilma G. Duschak

Keyword(s):

Chagas Disease ◽

Latin American ◽

Drug Targets ◽

Defense Mechanisms ◽

Cysteine Proteinase ◽

Parasitic Infection ◽

Etiologic Agent ◽

World Health ◽

American Trypanosomiasis ◽

Group I

American Trypanosomiasis, a parasitic infection commonly named Chagas disease, affects millions of people all over Latin American countries. Presently, the World Health Organization (WHO) predicts that the number of international infected individuals extends to 7 to 8 million, assuming that more than 10,000 deaths occur annually. The transmission of the etiologic agent, Trypanosoma cruzi, through people migrating to non-endemic world nations makes it an emergent disease. The best promising targets for trypanocidal drugs may be classified into three main groups: Group I includes the main molecular targets that are considered among specific enzymes involved in the essential processes for parasite survival, principally Cruzipain, the major antigenic parasite cysteine proteinase. Group II involves biological pathways and their key specific enzymes, such as Sterol biosynthesis pathway, among others, specific antioxidant defense mechanisms, and bioenergetics ones. Group III includes the atypical organelles /structures present in the parasite relevant clinical forms, which are absent or considerably different from those present in mammals and biological processes related to them. These can be considered potential targets to develop drugs with extra effectiveness and fewer secondary effects than the currently used therapeutics. An improved distinction between the host and the parasite targets will help fight against this neglected disease.

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American trypanosomiasis (Chagas' disease) in conventional and germfree rats and mice

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo ◽

10.1590/s0036-46651987000500004 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 29 (5) ◽

pp. 284-288 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Marcelo E. Silva ◽

Elizio A. Evangelista ◽

Jacques R. Nicoli ◽

Eduardo A. Bambirra ◽

Enio C. Vieira

Keyword(s):

Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽

Chagas Disease ◽

Cardiac Failure ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

American Trypanosomiasis ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Rats And Mice ◽

Germfree Rats

Germfree (GF) and conventional (CV) CFW (LOB) mice and Wistar and Sprague-Dawley rats were infected with Trypanosoma cruzi. The disease was more severe in the GF than in the CV animals as revealed by: (1) an earlier and more intense parasitemia; (2) a more precocious mortality; (3) a twice enlarged spleen: (4) a more intense cell and tissue parasitism; (5) visceral signs of cardiac failure.

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American Trypanosomiasis (Chagas Disease)

Infectious Disease Clinics of North America ◽

10.1016/j.idc.2012.03.002 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 275-291 ◽

Cited By ~ 293

Author(s):

Anis Rassi ◽

Joffre Marcondes de Rezende

Keyword(s):

Chagas Disease ◽

American Trypanosomiasis

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American Trypanosomiasis (Chagas’ Disease)

Laboratory Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1007/978-1-4612-3898-0_77 ◽

1988 ◽

pp. 744-753 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Mario E. Camargo

Keyword(s):

Chagas Disease ◽

American Trypanosomiasis

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Risk Factors for Maternal Chagas Disease and Vertical Transmission in a Bolivian Hospital

Clinical Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/cid/ciaa1885 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Melissa D Klein ◽

Freddy Tinajeros ◽

María del Carmen Menduiña ◽

Edith Málaga ◽

Beth J Condori ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Family History ◽

Chagas Disease ◽

Vertical Transmission ◽

Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Diagnostic Testing ◽

Rapid Test ◽

Diagnostic Techniques ◽

Lower Education Level ◽

History Of

Abstract Background Vertical transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi infection accounts for a growing proportion of new cases of Chagas disease. Better risk stratification is needed to predict which women are more likely to transmit the infection. Methods This study enrolled women and their infants at the Percy Boland Women’s Hospital in Santa Cruz, Bolivia. Pregnant women were screened for Chagas disease by rapid test and received confirmatory serology. Infants of seropositive mothers underwent diagnostic testing with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Results Among 5,828 enrolled women, 1,271 (21.8%) screened positive for Chagas disease. Older maternal age, family history of Chagas disease, home conditions, lower education level, and history of living in a rural area were significantly associated with higher adjusted odds of maternal infection. Of the 1,325 infants of seropositive mothers, 65 infants (4.9%) were diagnosed with congenital Chagas disease. Protective factors against transmission included Cesarean delivery (adjusted OR [aOR]: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.36-0.99) and family history of Chagas disease (aOR: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.34-0.99). Twins were significantly more likely to be congenitally infected than singleton births (OR: 3.32, 95% CI: 1.60-6.90). Among congenitally infected infants, 32.3% had low birth weight, and 30.8% required hospitalization after birth. Conclusions Although improved access to screening and qPCR increased the number of infants diagnosed with congenital Chagas disease, many infants remain undiagnosed. A better understanding of risk factors and improved access to highly sensitive and specific diagnostic techniques for congenital Chagas disease may help improve regional initiatives to reduce disease burden.

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