Uganda: The Social and Economic Costs of Conflict

2000 ◽  
pp. 240-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Mary Matovu ◽  
Frances Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Economic Costs ◽  
The Social

scholarly journals IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN SISTEM TRANSPORTASI DARAT DAN DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP KESEJAHTERAAN SOSIAL DI JAKARTA

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Muh Kadarisman ◽  
Aang Gunawan ◽  
Ismiyati Ismiyati
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Transportation System ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Public Welfare ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
The Social ◽  
Transportation Development

Transportation is the backbone in creating social welfare in Jakarta. Therefore, if there are problems in the transportation system, it will have an impact on the smooth traffic flow and will ultimately hamper the achievement of public welfare. This study used a descriptive-qualitative method. This study refers to the theory proposed by Anderson (in Tachjan, 2006: 23) and Sarana, et al (2009: 9). The results of the study are as follows. Policy implementation transportation system in Jakarta has been able to improve the social welfare of most citizens, which means some people have to feel and enjoy the outcome of transportation development  in Jakarta. However, others have not optimally felt the positive impact of the policy. Even, it is perceived negatively; such as traffic jams which are almost evenly distributed throughout Jakarta causing high air pollution, hampered economic activity and generated high economic costs that social welfare was also weakened. This is reinforced by the increasing poverty rate in 2014 that reached 393,980 people thousand compared to previous years.

Politics and the Environment: Nonlinear Instabilities Dominate

1994 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 292-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtney Brown
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Political Party ◽  
Longitudinal Change ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Public Concern ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
White House ◽  
Systems Model ◽  
The Social

This analysis investigates a formal nonlinear systems model characterizing longitudinal change in the environment as a function of oscillating partisan control of the White House. It is assumed that one political party will tend to favor help for the environment despite some economic costs, whereas the other party will generally favor economic growth over environmental concerns. These policy changes affect the environment interactively with both public concern for particular environmental problems and the economic costs relating to environmental repair. This interaction with policy changes causes a disruption in the continuously evolving balance between the social factors that damage the environment and the environment's own ability to recover. The disruptive potential to the environment is considerably ameliorated with a reduction in the electoral cycling.

scholarly journals An approach for a sustainable decision-making in product portfolio design of dairy supply chain in terms of environmental, economic and social criteria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisaveta Georgieva Kirilova ◽  
Natasha Vaklieva-Bancheva ◽  
Rayka Vladova ◽  
Tatyana Petrova ◽  
Boyan Ivanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Environmental Economic ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Environmental Constraints ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Environment Impact ◽  
The Social

Abstract The production of dairy products is related to water and energy costs and generation of large amounts of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and wastewater. This has a direct bearing on the reduction of natural resources, the negative impact on the environment as well as the rise of social concerns due to increased product costs, pollution, etc. Full sustainability of this type of systems can be achieved by optimizing all activities across the chain of raw materials, through production to customers while considering all aspects of sustainability - environmental, economic and social. The study proposes a multi-objective modelling approach for optimal design of three-echelon supply chain (SC) for production of dairy products according to different recipes where all aspects of sustainability are taken into consideration. The approach was implemented on a real case study from Bulgaria. Four mix integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) optimization models were defined without and with social impact consideration. They are solved using General Algebriac Modeling System (GAMS) software. The obtained results have shown how the social impact assessment affects the obtained optimal products portfolios and profits. In these cases, varying the values of environmental constraints also affect the products portfolios and profits without affect the social costs. The stricter constraints on the environment impact leads to higher economic costs and lower profits, and conversely, high values of environmental constraints result in higher profits and lower economic costs. The obtained solutions can be used in the decision-making process to achieve social sustainability of the considered dairy supply chain.

Issues of water supply and contemporary urban society: the case of Greater Amman, Jordan

2010 ◽  
Vol 368 (1931) ◽  
pp. 5299-5313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert B. Potter ◽  
Khadija Darmame ◽  
Stephen Nortcliff
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Empirical Evaluation ◽  
Urban Society ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Central Importance ◽  
The Social ◽  
Water Scarce ◽  
The City

Over the last two decades, Jordan has suffered a chronic water crisis, and is the tenth most water-scarce nation on Earth. Such water stress has been well illustrated in the case of Greater Amman, the capital, which has grown dramatically from a population of around 2000 in the 1920s, to 2.17 million today. One of the distinctive characteristics of the water supply regime of Greater Amman is that since 1987 it has been based on a system of rationing, with households receiving water once a week for various durations. Amman is highly polarized socio-economically, and by means of household surveys, both quantitative and qualitative, conducted in high- and low-income divisions of the city, a detailed empirical evaluation of the storage and use of water, the strategies used by households to manage water and overall satisfaction with water supply issues is provided in this paper, looking specifically at issues of social equity. The analysis demonstrates the social and economic costs of water rationing and consequent management to be high, as well as emphasizing that issues of water quality are of central importance to all consumers regardless of their socio-economic status within the city.

scholarly journals The social and economic costs of alcohol abuse in Minnesota, 1983.

1987 ◽  
Vol 77 (8) ◽  
pp. 982-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
D L Parker ◽  
J M Shultz ◽  
L Gertz ◽  
R Berkelman ◽  
P L Remington
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
The Social

scholarly journals PMS24 THE SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC COSTS OF SPINA BIFIDA IN ITALY: A COST OF ILLNESS STUDY

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. A437-A438
Author(s):  
GL Colombo ◽  
MC Dieci ◽  
M De Gennaro ◽  
G Mosiello ◽  
T Redaelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spina Bifida ◽  
Cost Of Illness ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
The Social ◽  
Illness Study ◽  
Cost Of Illness Study

scholarly journals COVID-19 – reflections on the surprise of both an expected and unexpected event

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Platje ◽  
Jeffrey Harvey ◽  
Lez Rayman-Bacchus
Keyword(s):  
Radical Change ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Unexpected Event ◽  
Precautionary Approach ◽  
The Social ◽  
Stochastic Events ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Very High

Aim: This paper reflects on the COVID-19 epidemic from the perspective of small probabilities and the difficulty of predicting similar events. Against the background of basic economic principles, the importance of the precautionary principle for crisis management is discussed, as well as potential consequences of this epidemic.   Findings: The authors argue that whilst the epidemic as such was unexpected, in future countries should be prepared for such stochastic events to happen. This requires a precautionary approach. When society is not prepared for such a calamity, or waits too long to implement measures to deal with it, the social and economic costs may be very high – much higher than ‘hedging bets’ and losing. The article reflects on different issues which are meant for further discussion on unpredictable future threats. One important issue is the uncertainty created by this event. This increases the likeliness that something unexpected can appear in the near future, creating the need for research and discussion on public and government responses to these events. Being aware of such challenges increases the likeliness of society and people to be prepared for such developments. It is concluded that the current crisis brings forward the question whether the current political-economic system and globalization makes future pandemics more likely, and whether a radical change towards a more locally oriented economy provides solutions that minimize the likelihood or frequency of future pandemics.

scholarly journals Short-Term Effects of Imprisonment Length on Recidivism in the Netherlands

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 1057-1093 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilde Wermink ◽  
Paul Nieuwbeerta ◽  
Anke A. T. Ramakers ◽  
Jan W. de Keijser ◽  
Anja J. E. Dirkzwager
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Nationwide Study ◽  
Null Effect ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship

This article assesses the relationship between imprisonment length and recidivism. The data come from a unique longitudinal and nationwide study of Dutch prisoners, serving an average of 4.1 months of confinement ( N = 1,467). A propensity score methodology is used to examine the dose–response relationship for three types of registered recidivism (i.e., reoffending, reconviction, and reincarceration) within a 6-month follow-up period. Findings indicate that length of imprisonment exerts an overall null effect on future rates of recidivism and that this conclusion holds across the various types of recidivism. These findings contribute to continuing scholarly debates over the social and economic costs of imprisonment.

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