2. Milkiness, muddiness, and inkiness

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-40
Author(s):  
Tom McLeish
Keyword(s):  
Brownian Motion ◽  
Soft Matter ◽  
Colloidal Particles ◽  
Albert Einstein ◽  
Small Particles ◽  
Liquid Environment ◽  
Gold Colloids ◽  
Fundamental Class ◽  
Colloidal State ◽  
Michael Faraday

‘Milkiness, muddiness, and inkiness’ discusses the phenomena of ‘muddiness’ and ‘inkiness’, which are both examples of ‘colloids’—the fundamental class of soft matter constituted by dispersing very small particles of solid matter in a liquid environment. The colloidal state provided the final evidence that atoms existed. Michael Faraday gave a well-known lecture on the ‘Brownian Motion’ and he also researched gold colloids which show how small particles disperse. Albert Einstein came up with a theory of thermal noise, and Charles Perrin carried out a famous experiment in 1908 on this topic. Both Einstein and Perrin showed that colloidal particles can do everything that molecules do, but at a thousand times the size, and equally more slowly.

Cross-Correlations in the Brownian Motion of Colloidal Nanoparticles

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
Sz. Kelemen ◽  
◽  
L. Varga ◽  
Z. Néda ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brownian Motion ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Cross Correlation ◽  
Colloidal Particles ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Transverse Component ◽  
Collective Effects ◽  
Colloidal Nanoparticles ◽  
Diffusive Motion ◽  
Cross Correlations

"The two-body cross-correlation for the diffusive motion of colloidal nano-spheres is experimentally investigated. Polystyrene nano-spheres were used in a very low concentration suspension in order to minimize the three- or more body collective effects. Beside the generally used longitudinal and transverse component correlations we investigate also the Pearson correlation in the magnitude of the displacements. In agreement with previous studies we find that the longitudinal and transverse component correlations decay as a function of the inter-particle distance following a power-law trend with an exponent around -2. The Pearson correlation in the magnitude of the displacements decay also as a power-law with an exponent around -1. Keywords: colloidal particles, Brownian motion, cross-correlation. "

4. Gelification and soapiness

2020 ◽  
pp. 63-90
Author(s):  
Tom McLeish
Keyword(s):  
Brownian Motion ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Soft Matter ◽  
Intermolecular Forces ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Important Distinction ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
The Third ◽  
Self Assembled ◽  
Weak Intermolecular Forces

‘Gelification and soapiness’ looks at the third class of soft matter: ‘self-assembly’. Like the colloids of inks and clays, and the polymers of plastics and rubbers, ‘self-assembled’ soft matter also emerges as a surprising consequence of Brownian motion combined with weak intermolecular forces. Like them, it also leads to explanations of a very rich world of materials and phenomena, such as gels, foams, soaps, and ultimately to many of the structures of biological life. There is an important distinction that needs to be made between one-dimensional and two-dimensional self-assembly.

Brownian motion of colloidal particles in a model porous medium

1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 4035-4044 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Viramontes-Gamboa ◽  
M. Medina-Noyola ◽  
J. L. Arauz-Lara
Keyword(s):  
Porous Medium ◽  
Brownian Motion ◽  
Colloidal Particles

scholarly journals Correction: Controlling the dynamics of colloidal particles by critical Casimir forces

Soft Matter ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (22) ◽  
pp. 5334-5334
Author(s):  
Alessandro Magazzù ◽  
Agnese Callegari ◽  
Juan Pablo Staforelli ◽  
Andrea Gambassi ◽  
Siegfried Dietrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Matter ◽  
Colloidal Particles ◽  
Casimir Forces

Correction for ‘Controlling the dynamics of colloidal particles by critical Casimir forces’ by Alessandro Magazzù et al., Soft Matter, 2019, 15, 2152–2162, DOI: 10.1039/C8SM01376D.

Size Control and Spectroscopic Characterization of Monolayer Protected Gold Nanoparticles Obtained by Laser Ablation in Liquids

2005 ◽  
Vol 887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Compagnini ◽  
Alfio Alessandro Scalisi ◽  
Orazio Puglisi
Keyword(s):  
Laser Ablation ◽  
Size Control ◽  
Spectroscopic Characterization ◽  
Gold Clusters ◽  
Metal Target ◽  
Liquid Environment ◽  
Gold Colloids ◽  
Gold Particles ◽  
Gold Metal

ABSTRACTIn this paper we present a study on the formation of gold colloids by laser ablation of a gold metal target in alkanes and thiol-alkane solutions. The results show a decrease of the gold particles' size up to 2 nm when thiol molecules are present in the liquid environment. In summary, we observed that laser ablation of gold targets in thiol-alkane solutions leads to the formation of stable gold clusters with size smaller than those obtained in the corresponding pure alkane. This result is a consequence of the competition between the aggregation of gold species in the plume (which allows a gold embryo to be formed and to grow) and the tendency of the dispersed thiol molecules to bond at each embryo surface stopping their growth.

From the de Broglie to Visible Wavelengths: Manipulating Electrons and Photons With Colloids

MRS Bulletin ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 39-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfons van Blaaderen
Keyword(s):  
Brownian Motion ◽  
Colloidal Particles ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Gas Molecules ◽  
Visible Wavelengths ◽  
Solvent Molecules ◽  
Shell Particles ◽  
Lower Size

Because of their size and ability to selforganize, colloidal particles are ideal building blocks for the creation of three-dimensional (3D) structures that can have feature sizes of the order of the wavelength of electrons, photons, or both. This article is too short to provide an extensive literature survey but instead will give some illustrative examples, based on work of the author and co-workers, of how specially developed core-shell particles might be organized on a 3D lattice. These examples are only intended to give an impression of how colloidal-particle systems can be used in the design of new materials with interesting photonic properties.Generally particles are considered colloidal if their size is between several nm and several μm. This range is more or less defined by the importance of Brownian motion—that is, the irregular, overdamped, random displacements the particles make as a result of the not completely averaged-out bombardment of solvent (or gas) molecules. Consequently the lower size range is determined by the size of the solvent molecules. Compared to the particle size, the solvent molecules need to be so small that the time scales of the solvent molecules and particles are so far apart that the solvent molecules can be “integrated out” in a description of the particles. If such a description holds, the solvent can be approximated well by a continuum. The upper size limit is determined by the size at which external fields, like gravity, start to overshadow the effects of Brownian motion.

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