scholarly journals Validation study of energy expenditure and intake during calorie restriction using doubly labeled water and changes in body composition

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilian de Jonge ◽  
James P DeLany ◽  
Tuong Nguyen ◽  
Jennifer Howard ◽  
Evan C Hadley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Calorie Restriction ◽  
Validation Study ◽  
Doubly Labeled Water

scholarly journals Influence of body composition on physical activity validation studies using doubly labeled water

2004 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 1357-1364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise C. Mâsse ◽  
Janet E. Fulton ◽  
Kathleen L. Watson ◽  
Matthew T. Mahar ◽  
Michael C. Meyers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Doubly Labeled Water ◽  
Comparison Analysis ◽  
Methods Comparison ◽  
Statistical Procedures

This study investigated the influence of two approaches (mathematical transformation and statistical procedures), used to account for body composition [body mass or fat-free mass (FFM)], on associations between two measures of physical activity and energy expenditure determined by doubly labeled water (DLW). Complete data for these analyses were available for 136 African American (44.1%) and Hispanic (55.9%) women (mean age 50 ± 7.3 yr). Total energy expenditure (TEE) by DLW was measured over 14 days. Physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) was computed as 0.90 × TEE - resting metabolic rate. During week 2, participants wore an accelerometer for 7 consecutive days and completed a 7-day diary. Pearson's product-moment correlations and three statistical procedures (multiple regressions, partial correlations, and allometric scaling) were used to assess the effect of body composition on associations. The methods-comparison analysis was used to study the effect of body composition on agreement. The statistical procedures demonstrated that associations improved when body composition was included in the model. The accelerometer explained a small but meaningful portion of the variance in TEE and PAEE after body mass was accounted for. The methods-comparison analysis confirmed that agreement with DLW was affected by the transformation. Agreement between the diary (transformed with body mass) and TEE reflected the association that exists between body mass and TEE. These results suggest that the accelerometer and diary accounted for a small portion of TEE and PAEE. Most of the variance in DLW-measured energy expenditure was explained by body mass or FFM.

scholarly journals Methodologic Issues in Doubly Labeled Water Measurements of Energy Expenditure During Very Low-Carbohydrate Diets

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin D. Hall ◽  
Juen Guo ◽  
Kong Y. Chen ◽  
Rudolph L. Leibel ◽  
Marc L. Reitman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Doubly Labeled Water ◽  
Energy Imbalance ◽  
Long Baseline ◽  
Ketogenic Diets ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

AbstractBackgroundVery low-carbohydrate diets have been reported to substantially increase human energy expenditure as measured by doubly labeled water (DLW) but not by respiratory chambers. Do the DLW data reflect true physiological differences that are undetected by respiratory chambers? Alternatively, are the apparent DLW energy expenditure a consequence of failure to fully account for respiratory quotient (RQ) differences between diets?ObjectiveTo examine energy expenditure differences between diets varying drastically in carbohydrate and to quantitatively compare DLW data with respiratory chamber and body composition measurements within an energy balance framework.DesignDLW measurements were obtained during the final two weeks of month-long baseline (BD; 50% carbohydrate, 35% fat, 15% protein) and isocaloric ketogenic diets (KD; 5% carbohydrate, 80% fat, 15% protein) in 17 men with BMI 25-35 kg/m2. Subjects resided 2d/week in respiratory chambers to measure energy expenditure (EEchamber). DLW expenditure was calculated using chamber-determined respiratory quotients (RQ) either unadjusted (EEDLW) or adjusted (EEDLWΔRQ) for net energy imbalance using diet-specific coefficients. Accelerometers measured physical activity. Body composition changes were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry which were combined with energy intake measurements to calculate energy expenditure by balance (EEbal).ResultsAfter transitioning from BD to KD, neither EEchamber nor EEbal were significantly changed (∆EEchamber=24±30 kcal/d; p=0.43 and ∆EEbal=-141±118 kcal/d; p=0.25). Similarly, physical activity (−5.1±4.8%; p=0.3) and exercise efficiency (−1.6±2.4%; p=0.52) were not significantly changed. However, EEDLW was 209±83 kcal/d higher during the KD (p=0.023) but was not significantly increased when adjusted for energy balance (EEDLWΔRQ =139±89 kcal/d; p=0.14). After removing 2 outliers whose EEDLW were incompatible with other data, EEDLW and EEDLW∆RQ were marginally increased during the KD by 126±62 kcal/d (p=0.063) and 46±65 kcal/d (p=0.49), respectively.ConclusionsDLW calculations failing to account for diet-specific energy imbalance effects on RQ erroneously suggest that very low carbohydrate diets substantially increase energy expenditure.

Energy requirements and physical activity in free-living older women and men: a doubly labeled water study

1998 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 1063-1069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond D. Starling ◽  
Michael J. Toth ◽  
William H. Carpenter ◽  
Dwight E. Matthews ◽  
Eric T. Poehlman
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Physical Activity Energy Expenditure ◽  
Doubly Labeled Water ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Activity Energy

Determinants of daily energy needs and physical activity are unknown in free-living elderly. This study examined determinants of daily total energy expenditure (TEE) and free-living physical activity in older women ( n = 51; age = 67 ± 6 yr) and men ( n = 48; age = 70 ± 7 yr) by using doubly labeled water and indirect calorimetry. Using multiple-regression analyses, we predicted TEE by using anthropometric, physiological, and physical activity indexes. Data were collected on resting metabolic rate (RMR), body composition, peak oxygen consumption (V˙o 2 peak), leisure time activity, and plasma thyroid hormone. Data adjusted for body composition were not different between older women and men, respectively (in kcal/day): TEE, 2,306 ± 647 vs. 2,456 ± 666; RMR, 1,463 ± 244 vs. 1,378 ± 249; and physical activity energy expenditure, 612 ± 570 vs. 832 ± 581. In a subgroup of 70 women and men, RMR andV˙o 2 peakexplained approximately two-thirds of the variance in TEE ( R 2 = 0.62; standard error of the estimate = ±348 kcal/day). Crossvalidation of this equation in the remaining 29 women and men was successful, with no difference between predicted and measured TEE (2,364 ± 398 and 2,406 ± 571 kcal/day, respectively). The strongest predictors of physical activity energy expenditure ( P < 0.05) for women and men were V˙o 2 peak( r = 0.43), fat-free mass ( r = 0.39), and body mass ( r = 0.34). In summary, RMR andV˙o 2 peak are important independent predictors of energy requirements in the elderly. Furthermore, cardiovascular fitness and fat-free mass are moderate predictors of physical activity in free-living elderly.

scholarly journals Approaches for quantifying energy intake and %calorie restriction during calorie restriction interventions in humans: the multicenter CALERIE study

2012 ◽  
Vol 302 (4) ◽  
pp. E441-E448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan B. Racette ◽  
Sai Krupa Das ◽  
Manjushri Bhapkar ◽  
Evan C. Hadley ◽  
Susan B. Roberts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Calorie Restriction ◽  
Reliable Estimate ◽  
Doubly Labeled Water ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Energy Stores ◽  
Assessment Time

Calorie restriction (CR) is a component of most weight loss interventions and a potential strategy to slow aging. Accurate determination of energy intake and %CR is critical when interpreting the results of CR interventions; this is most accurately achieved using the doubly labeled water method to quantify total energy expenditure (TEE). However, the costs and analytical requirements of this method preclude its repeated use in many clinical trials. Our aims were to determine 1) the optimal TEE assessment time points for quantifying average energy intake and %CR during long-term CR interventions and 2) the optimal approach for quantifying short-term changes in body energy stores to determine energy intake and %CR during 2-wk DLW periods. Adults randomized to a CR intervention in the multicenter CALERIE study underwent measurements of TEE by doubly labeled water and body composition at baseline and months 1, 3, and 6. Average %CR achieved during the intervention was 24.9 ± 8.7%, which was computed using an approach that included four TEE assessment time points (i.e., TEEbaseline, months 1, 3, and 6) plus the 6-mo change in body composition. Approaches that included fewer TEE assessments yielded %CR values of 23.4 ± 9.0 (TEEbaseline, months 3 and 6), 25.0 ± 8.7 (TEEbaseline, months 1 and 6), and 20.9 ± 7.1% (TEEbaseline, month 6); the latter approach differed significantly from approach 1 ( P < 0.001). TEE declined 9.6 ± 9.9% within 2–4 wk of CR beginning and then stabilized. Regression of daily home weights provided the most reliable estimate of short-term change in energy stores. In summary, optimal quantification of energy intake and %CR during weight loss necessitates a TEE measurement within the first month of CR to capture the rapid reduction in TEE.

scholarly journals Physical Activity Level Using Doubly-Labeled Water in Relation to Body Composition and Physical Fitness in Preschoolers

Medicina ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marja Leppänen ◽  
Pontus Henriksson ◽  
Hanna Henriksson ◽  
Christine Delisle Nyström ◽  
Francisco Llorente-Cantarero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Basal Metabolic Rate ◽  
Muscular Strength ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Doubly Labeled Water

Background and objectives: There is a lack of studies investigating associations of physical activity level (PAL) and activity energy expenditure (AEE) using the doubly-labeled water (DLW) method with body composition and physical fitness in young children. Thus, we aimed to examine cross-sectional associations of PAL and AEE with body composition indices and physical fitness components in Swedish preschool children. Materials and methods: PAL was calculated as total energy expenditure measured using DLW divided by the predicted basal metabolic rate in 40 children aged 5.5 (standard deviation 0.2) years. AEE was calculated as total energy expenditure minus basal metabolic rate and the thermic effect of food, and divided by fat-free mass. Body composition was assessed using the 3-component model by combining measurements based on isotope dilution and air-displacement plethysmography. Physical fitness (muscular strength, motor fitness, and cardiorespiratory fitness) was evaluated using the PREFIT test battery. Multiple linear regression models were conducted. Results: PAL and AEE were negatively associated with body mass index, percent body fat, and fat mass index (PAL: standardized β −0.35, −0.41, and −0.45, all p < 0.036; AEE: standardized β −0.44, −0.44, and −0.47, all p < 0.006, respectively). Furthermore, PAL and AEE were positively associated with the standing long jump test (PAL: standardized β 0.37, p = 0.017; AEE: standardized β 0.38, p = 0.014). There were no statistically significant associations found regarding PAL or AEE with fat-free mass index or any other physical fitness test. Conclusions: Greater PAL and AEE at the age 5.5 were significantly associated with body fatness and improved lower-body muscular strength. Therefore, increasing physical activity, and thus energy expenditure, at young ages may be beneficial for preventing overweight/obesity. However, further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm the results.

scholarly journals Methodologic considerations for measuring energy expenditure differences between diets varying in carbohydrate using the doubly labeled water method

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (5) ◽  
pp. 1328-1334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin D Hall ◽  
Juen Guo ◽  
Kong Y Chen ◽  
Rudolph L Leibel ◽  
Marc L Reitman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Doubly Labeled Water ◽  
Energy Imbalance ◽  
Long Baseline ◽  
Ketogenic Diets ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

ABSTRACT Background Low-carbohydrate diets have been reported to significantly increase human energy expenditure when measured using doubly labeled water (DLW) but not by respiratory chambers. Although DLW may reveal true physiological differences undetected by respiratory chambers, an alternative possibility is that the expenditure differences resulted from failure to correctly estimate the respiratory quotient (RQ) used in the DLW calculations. Objective To examine energy expenditure differences between isocaloric diets varying widely in carbohydrate and to quantitatively compare DLW data with respiratory chamber and body composition measurements within an energy balance framework. Design DLW measurements were obtained during the final 2 wk of month-long baseline (BD; 50% carbohydrate, 35% fat, 15% protein) and isocaloric ketogenic diets (KD; 5% carbohydrate, 80% fat, 15% protein) in 17 men with a BMI of 25–35 kg/m2. Subjects resided 2 d/wk in respiratory chambers to measure energy expenditure (EEchamber). DLW expenditure was calculated using chamber-determined RQ either unadjusted (EEDLW) or adjusted (EEDLWΔRQ) for net energy imbalance using diet-specific coefficients. Accelerometers measured physical activity. Body composition changes were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) which were combined with energy intake measurements to calculate energy expenditure by balance (EEbal). Results After transitioning from BD to KD, neither EEchamber nor EEbal were significantly changed (∆EEchamber = 24 ± 30 kcal/d; P = 0.43 and ∆EEbal = −141 ± 118 kcal/d; P = 0.25). Similarly, physical activity (−5.1 ± 4.8%; P = 0.3) and exercise efficiency (−1.6 ± 2.4%; P = 0.52) were not significantly changed. However, EEDLW was 209 ± 83 kcal/d higher during the KD (P = 0.023) but was not significantly increased when adjusted for energy balance (EEDLWΔRQ = 139 ± 89 kcal/d; P = 0.14). After removing 2 outliers whose EEDLW were incompatible with other data, EEDLW was marginally increased during the KD by 126 ± 62 kcal/d (P = 0.063) and EEDLW∆RQ was only 46 ± 65 kcal/d higher (P = 0.49). Conclusions DLW calculations failing to account for diet-specific energy imbalance effects on RQ erroneously suggest that low-carbohydrate diets substantially increase energy expenditure. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01967563.

Adequacy of food rations in soldiers during an arctic exercise measured by doubly labeled water

1993 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 1790-1797 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Jones ◽  
I. Jacobs ◽  
A. Morris ◽  
M. B. Ducharme
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Doubly Labeled Water ◽  
Isotopic Enrichment ◽  
Food Records ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Doubly Labeled Water Method ◽  
Composition Changes

To investigate the adequacy of food rations to supply energy needs in cold-temperature environments, caloric expenditure and intake and body composition changes were measured in a group of infantrymen during a 10-day field exercise in the Canadian Arctic. Energy expenditure was measured by the doubly labeled water method (n = 10), and caloric intake was measured by complete food intake records (n = 20). Body composition was determined by isotope dilution (n = 10) and bioelectrical impedence analysis (n = 20) on days 0 and 10. Baseline isotopic enrichment shifts due to geographical relocation were also monitored (n = 5). Mean body weight decreased 0.63 +/- 0.83 (SD) kg over the study period (P < 0.005), although fat-free and fat mass compartment changes were not significant. Baseline isotopic changes were -4.65 +/- 2.54 and -0.48 +/- 0.07 /1000/day for deuterium and 18O, respectively. Mean baseline corrected energy expenditure level was 4,317 +/- 927 kcal/day. Self-reported caloric intakes obtained from food records were 2,633 +/- 499 kcal/day (61.0% of expenditure). Rations packs contained 4,350 kcal/day. Results suggest that 1) food intake was significantly underreported and 2) the energy needs of most subjects were being met by rations and available supplements.

Use of the doubly labeled water technique in humans during heavy sustained exercise

1986 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 2162-2167 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. Westerterp ◽  
W. H. Saris ◽  
M. van Es ◽  
F. ten Hoor
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Basal Metabolic Rate ◽  
Doubly Labeled Water ◽  
Food Record ◽  
The Third ◽  
Simultaneous Measurements ◽  
Tour De France

We measured energy expenditure with the doubly labeled water technique during heavy sustained exercise in the Tour de France, a bicycle race lasting more than 3 wk. Four subjects were observed for consecutive intervals of 7, 8, and 7 days. Each interval started with an oral isotope dose to reach an excess isotope level of 200 ppm 18O and 130 ppm 2H. The biological half-lives of the isotopes were between 2.25 and 3.80 days. Energy expenditure was compared with simultaneous measurements of energy intake, and body mass and body composition did not change significantly. The doubly labeled water technique gave higher values for energy expenditure than the food record technique. The discrepancy showed a systematic increment from the first to the third interval, being 12.9 +/- 7.9, 21.4 +/- 9.8, and 35.3 +/- 4.4% of the energy expenditure calculated from dietary intake, respectively. Possible explanations for the discrepancy are discussed. The subjects reached an average daily metabolic rate of 3.4–3.9 or 4.3–5.3 times basal metabolic rate based on the food record technique and the doubly labeled water technique, respectively. Thus, when measured with the same technique, the energetic ceiling for performance in humans is comparable with that of animals like birds.

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