True ileal digestibility of legumes determined by dual-isotope tracer method in Indian adults

ABSTRACTBackgroundGood-quality plant protein sources are important for protein adequacy in a balanced diet. Legumes are known to be a source of good quality plant protein, but the true ileal digestibility of indispensable amino acids (IAAs) of commonly consumed legumes is not known in humans.ObjectivesIn this study we measured the true ileal IAA digestibility of 2H-intrinsically labeled chickpea, yellow pea, and mung bean (hulled and dehulled) protein, using the dual-isotope tracer technique referenced to a standard protein ([U-13C] spirulina). The study also aimed to validate the use of [U-13C] spirulina as a reference protein in this method.Methods2H-intrinsically labeled legumes, obtained by watering plants with deuterium oxide (2H2O), were administered in a plateau feeding method to healthy Indian adults to measure their true ileal IAA digestibility with the dual-isotope tracer technique, using [U-13C] spirulina protein or a 13C-algal IAA mixture as the standard.ResultThe true ileal IAA digestibilities (mean ± SD) of chickpea, yellow pea, and mung bean were 74.6 ± 0.8%, 71.6 ± 1.3%, and 63.2 ± 1.5%, respectively. The true mean ileal IAA digestibility of mung bean when referenced to [U-13C] spirulina protein or a 13C-algal IAA mixture did not differ significantly (63.2 ± 1.5% versus 64.0 ± 2.4%, P > 0.05). The true ileal IAA digestibility of mung bean improved to 70.9 ± 2.1% after dehulling.ConclusionsThe true mean ileal IAA digestibility of legumes in healthy Indian adults was lower than expected. Traditional processing techniques such as dehulling improve protein digestibility by about 8%. This study was registered in the Clinical Trials Registry of India (CTRI): CTRI/2017/11/010468 (http://ctri.nic.in, accessed on 28/03/2019).

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Protein Digestibility of Different Animal and Plant Protein Sources for Labeo rohita Fingerlings

Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences ◽

10.3923/pjbs.2000.590.592 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 590-592

Author(s):

P. K. Sarker . ◽

S. Rahman . ◽

M. M. Rahman . ◽

S. C. Chakraborty . ◽

M. N. Islam .

Keyword(s):

Labeo Rohita ◽

Protein Digestibility ◽

Plant Protein ◽

Protein Sources ◽

Plant Protein Sources

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Ileal digestibility of intrinsically labeled hen's egg and meat protein determined with the dual stable isotope tracer method in Indian adults

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1093/ajcn/nqy178 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 108 (5) ◽

pp. 980-987 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Sindhu Kashyap ◽

Nirupama Shivakumar ◽

Aneesia Varkey ◽

Rajendran Duraisamy ◽

Tinku Thomas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Tracer Method ◽

Dual Isotope ◽

Ileal Digestibility ◽

Egg White Protein ◽

Meat Protein ◽

Isotope Tracer ◽

Hen’S Egg ◽

The Mean ◽

Cooked Meat

ABSTRACTBackgroundProtein quality assessment through the Digestible Indispensable Amino Acid Score requires accurate measurements of true ileal protein and amino acid digestibility, for which a dual isotope technique was recently developed. However, the ileal digestibility of indispensable amino acids (IAA) in humans from high-quality proteins is not well known.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to intrinsically label hen's egg and meat protein by the use of uniformly 2H-labeled amino acids, and to measure their true ileal indispensable amino acid (IAA) digestibility via the dual isotope method in humans.Design2H-labeled lyophilized boiled egg white protein, whole boiled egg, and cooked meat were obtained from layer hens (BV-300) administered a uniformly 2H-labeled amino acid mix orally for 35 d with their daily feed. The ileal IAA digestibility of these proteins was determined with reference to digestibility of previously characterized [U-13C]spirulina in a dual tracer method in healthy Indian subjects whose intestinal health was measured by the plasma kynurenine-to-tryptophan (KT) ratio.ResultsAll subjects had normal KT ratios. The mean ± SD true ileal IAA digestibility of 2H-labeled egg white protein, whole boiled egg, and cooked meat was 86.3% ± 4.6%, 89.4% ± 4.5%, and 92.0% ± 2.8%, respectively. Leucine digestibility correlated with the KT ratio (r = −0.772; P = 0.009).ConclusionsUniformly 2H-labeled hen's egg and meat protein can be used to measure ileal IAA digestibility by the dual isotope tracer approach in humans. The mean IAA digestibility values for these high-quality proteins in the healthy Indians studied were similar to values obtained in earlier human and animal experiments. Leucine digestibility in these meal matrices correlated with the KT ratio, but this aspect needs further evaluation. This trial was registered at the Clinical Trials Registry of India (http://ctri.nic.in) as CTRI/2018/03/012265.

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Studies of the Metabolism of Asialotransferrins: the in Vivo Behavior of Baboon and Rhesus Asialotransferrins

Canadian Journal of Biochemistry ◽

10.1139/o75-171 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 53 (12) ◽

pp. 1255-1261 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

E. Regoeczi ◽

M. W. C. Hatton ◽

K.-L. Wong

Keyword(s):

Hepatic Uptake ◽

Average Increase ◽

Tracer Technique ◽

Short Term ◽

Dual Isotope ◽

Isotope Tracer ◽

Catabolic Rate ◽

Nonprimate Mammal ◽

Reduced Data

The catabolism and distribution of rhesus and baboon asialotransferrins relative to the corresponding parent proteins were studied in rabbits using a dual isotope tracer technique. Also a similar study with the baboon proteins in a baboon is reported.The metabolic data obtained in rabbits with both rhesus and baboon transferrins was close to the values established in a previous study for rabbit transferrin. Desialylation resulted in an average increase in the fractional catabolic rate of rhesus transferrin by 22.7%. This change is similar to that found earlier with asialotransferrins from several nonprimate mammals which are thought not to interact with the hepatic asialoglycoprotein receptor.Two kinetically distinct fractions were identified in baboon asialotransferrin. One of these, amounting to approximately one-third of the protein, was eliminated from the circulation very rapidly. The remaining two-thirds constituted a slowly catabolized fraction which behaved in vivo similarly to rhesus asialotransferrin. Unlike the rapidly cleared fraction, elimination of the slowly catabolized fraction in baboon asialotransferrin is probably not mediated by the hepatic asialoglycoprotein receptor. An amount comparable to the rapidly eliminated fraction in baboon asialotransferrin was recovered with the liver of rats in short-term experiments. In rats which were preinjected with chicken acid α1-glycoprotein the hepatic uptake of baboon asialotransferrin was markedly reduced. Data obtained in the baboon agreed with the findings in rabbits, although transferrin turnover was slower in the baboon.From its behavior in vivo as an asialoglycoprotein, baboon transferrin shows greater resemblance to human transferrin than rhesus transferrin. This conclusion is supported by carbohydrate analyses which show an intermediate position for baboon transferrin between man and a nonprimate mammal (rabbit), and a similarity between rhesus and rabbit transferrins.

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Studies of the Metabolism of Asialotransferrins: Potentiation of the Catabolism of Human Asialotransferrin in the Rabbit

Canadian Journal of Biochemistry ◽

10.1139/o74-026 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 52 (3) ◽

pp. 155-161 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

E. Regoeczi ◽

M. W. C. Hatton ◽

K.-L. Wong

Keyword(s):

Tracer Technique ◽

Transfer Rates ◽

Dual Isotope ◽

Human Transferrin ◽

Isotope Tracer ◽

Human Control ◽

Homologous Protein ◽

Catabolic Rate ◽

The Difference ◽

Control Protein

The catabolism and distribution of simultaneously injected rabbit transferrin and rabbit asialotransferrin was studied in five rabbits using a dual-isotope tracer technique. Similar studies were performed with human transferrin and human asialotransferrin in two humans, seven rabbits, and a rat.In all experiments, the catabolic rate of the asialotransferrin was higher than the corresponding value for the control protein. The difference averaged at 15% for rabbits and 29% for humans when homologous protein preparations were used. There were no concomitant differences in capillary transfer rates or in the partition of the labeled proteins between intra- and extravascular spaces.The catabolic rate of human transferrin in rabbits was not significantly different from that of the corresponding homologous protein. In contrast, human transferrin from which 92–100% of the sialyl residues had been removed was catabolized in rabbits at approximately 3.5 times the rate for homologous asialotransferrin. Substantial difference was found between the elimination of human control and asialotransferrins in the rat as well.

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Protein-quality evaluation of complementary foods in Indian children

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1093/ajcn/nqy265 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 109 (5) ◽

pp. 1319-1327 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Nirupama Shivakumar ◽

Sindhu Kashyap ◽

Satvik Kishore ◽

Tinku Thomas ◽

Aneesia Varkey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Mung Bean ◽

Finger Millet ◽

Protein Quality ◽

Complementary Feeding ◽

Food Protein ◽

Complementary Foods ◽

Dual Isotope ◽

Isotope Tracer ◽

Nationally Representative

ABSTRACT Background The types of food in complementary feeding of infants and young children are important for growth and development. Food protein quality, as measured by the Digestible Indispensable Amino Acid Score (DIAAS), requires the determination of true ileal digestibility of indispensable amino acids (IAAs) in children. Objectives First, the aim of this study was to measure the true ileal IAA digestibility of 4 (rice, finger millet, mung bean, and hen egg) commonly consumed complementary foods in children aged <2 y using the dual-isotope tracer method. Second, we calculated the DIAAS of complementary feeding diets and their relation to stunting in a representative Indian rural population. Design Rice, finger millet, and mung bean were intrinsically labeled with deuterium oxide (2H2O), whereas egg was labeled through oral dosing of hens with a uniformly 2H-labeled amino acid mixture. True ileal IAA digestibility was determined by the dual-isotope tracer technique. The DIAAS of complementary food protein was calculated in children aged 1–3 y from a nationally representative survey to evaluate its relation with stunting. Results True ileal IAA digestibility was lowest in mung bean (65.2% ± 7.1%), followed by finger millet (68.4 %± 5.3%) and rice (78.5% ± 3.5%), and was highest for egg (87.4% ± 4.0%). There was a significant inverse correlation of complementary food DIAAS with stunting in survey data (r = −0.66, P = 0.044). The addition of egg or milk to nationally representative complementary diets theoretically improved the DIAAS from 80 to 100. Conclusions The true ileal IAA digestibility of 4 foods commonly consumed in complementary diets showed that the DIAAS was associated with stunting and reinforces the importance of including animal source food (ASF) in diets to improve growth. This trial was registered at http://ctri.nic.in/clinicaltrials/login.php as CTRI/2017/02/007921.

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