scholarly journals Multi-Segment Indexes of Arterial Stiffness Show Lower Repeatability Than Carotid–Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity or Systolic Blood Pressure

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando G Beltrami ◽  
David Mzee ◽  
Christina M Spengler
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Pulse Wave

Abstract WP197: Race (Black-White) and Sex Divergences in the Relationship of Childhood Cardiovascular Risk Factors to Arterial Stiffness in Adulthood: The Bogalusa Heart Study

Stroke ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengxu Li ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Camilo Fernandez ◽  
Sathanur R Srinivasan ◽  
Gerald S Berenson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
White Women ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Race Difference

Arterial stiffness is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases including stroke. It has been established that childhood cardiovascular (CV) risk factors are predictive of adulthood arterial stiffness as measured by pulse wave velocity. Limited information is available on this relationship such as race- and sex-specific differential effects. This aspect was examined in a black-white, longitudinal cohort of 786 adults (28% blacks, 42% men) aged 23-44 years who were examined as both children (age<18 years) and adults (age≥18 years) for traditional CV risk factors with an average follow-up period of 24.2 years. Multiple childhood measurements were averaged and standardized to age-specific z-scores. Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) measured by an automatic oscillometric technique was used as an index of arterial stiffness in adults. Systolic blood pressure in childhood was predictive of baPWA in adults (P=0.002) in the total cohort. However, nominally significant (P<0.05) childhood predictors of adult baPWV included body mass index (BMI), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and systolic blood pressure in white men; systolic blood pressure in white women; and BMI in black women. For race difference, childhood LDL-C tended to show a stronger effect on baPWA in adults in whites than in blacks (P=0.04). For sex difference, BMI tended to be a stronger predictor and LDL-C a weaker predictor in women than in men (P=0.0002 and P=0.003, respectively). Such differences persisted even after adjustment for adulthood risk factors (P<0.05 in all cases). In conclusion, the predictability of childhood CV risk factors for increased arterial stiffness in adulthood varies by race and sex, and this observation indicates that arterial stiffening is different in blacks vs whites and in men vs women.

Abstract P055: Smooth Muscle Cell-specific Conditional Knockout Of Lysine (K)-specific Demethylase 6a Causes Endothelial Dysfunction, Increased Blood Pressure And Arterial Stiffness

Hypertension ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca L Myers ◽  
Kai Chen ◽  
Zhongjie Sun
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Knockout Mice ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Histone 3

Arterial stiffening is the progressive loss of elasticity of the large vessels resulting from age. Increased arterial stiffening has been correlated with hypertension and other cardiovascular co-morbidities. KDM6A is a histone 3 lysine demethylase whose activity increases expression of target genes via removal of silencing methylation marks on lysine 27 of histone 3 (H3K27). The precise role of H3K27me3, or its absence in aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), remains to be investigated. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of loss of KDM6A on arterial stiffness, blood pressure, and vascular cell function. We generated VSMC-specific Kdm6a knockout mice of C57BL/6 background and confirmed knockout by western blot. Knockout of Kdm6a resulted in increased resting systolic blood pressure and pulse wave velocity in male mice. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is the gold-standard method for determination of arterial stiffness. PWVs of the knockout mice were significantly increased compared to controls four weeks after Kdm6a knockout (Controls 2.62 + 0.69 mm/ms; KO 3.13 + 0.30 mm/ms; P=0.0228). Systolic blood pressure was directly obtained for each mouse via carotid cannulation. The systolic blood pressures of knockout mice were significantly increased. Mesenteric arteries were isolated from three control and three Kdm6a knockout mice and mounted onto a wire myograph. Vessels were pre-constricted with norepinephrine and vasodilation was measured by treatment with increasing doses of acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside to assess endothelial and VSMC function. Interestingly, despite Kdm6a knockout in VSMCs, vasodilation of VSMCs was not different between control and knockout arteries, but relaxation in response to acetylcholine, which stimulates the release of nitric oxide from endothelial cells, was decreased. This suggests endothelial dysfunction. These results indicate that loss of KDM6A in VSMCs leads to elevated systolic blood pressure and arterial stiffness.

scholarly journals Pulse wave velocity and central aortic pressure in systolic blood pressure intervention trial participants

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. e0203305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Supiano ◽  
Laura Lovato ◽  
Walter T. Ambrosius ◽  
Jeffrey Bates ◽  
Srinivasan Beddhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Aortic Pressure ◽  
Intervention Trial ◽  
Central Aortic Pressure ◽  
Trial Participants

Volume status and arterial blood pressures are associated with arterial stiffness in hemodialysis patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 378-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alper Erdan ◽  
Abdullah Ozkok ◽  
Nadir Alpay ◽  
Vakur Akkaya ◽  
Alaattin Yildiz
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Pulse Pressure ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Mean Blood Pressure ◽  
Aortic Blood ◽  
Aortic Blood Pressure

Background: Arterial stiffness is a strong predictor of mortality in hemodialysis patients. In this study, we aimed to investigate possible relations of arterial stiffness with volume status determined by bioimpedance analysis and aortic blood pressure parameters. Also, effects of a single hemodialysis session on these parameters were studied. Methods: A total of 75 hemodialysis patients (M/F: 43/32; mean age: 53 ± 17) were enrolled. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, augmentation index, and aortic pulse pressure were measured by applanation tonometry before and after hemodialysis. Extracellular fluid and total body fluid volumes were determined by bioimpedance analysis. Results: Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (9.30 ± 3.30 vs 7.59 ± 2.66 m/s, p < 0.001), augmentation index (24.52 ± 9.42 vs 20.28 ± 10.19, p < 0.001), and aortic pulse pressure (38 ± 14 vs 29 ± 8 mmHg, p < 0.001) significantly decreased after hemodialysis. Pre-dialysis carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity was associated with age (r2 = 0.15, p = 0.01), total cholesterol (r2 = 0.06, p = 0.02), peripheral mean blood pressure (r2 = 0.10, p = 0.005), aortic-mean blood pressure (r2 = 0.06, p = 0.02), aortic pulse pressure (r2 = 0.14, p = 0.001), and extracellular fluid/total body fluid (r2 = 0.30, p < 0.0001). Pre-dialysis augmentation index was associated with total cholesterol (r2 = 0.06, p = 0,02), aortic-mean blood pressure (r2 = 0.16, p < 0.001), and aortic pulse pressure (r2 = 0.22, p < 0.001). Δcarotid-femoral pulse wave velocity was associated with Δaortic-mean blood pressure (r2 = 0.06, p = 0.02) and inversely correlated with baseline carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (r2 = 0.29, p < 0.001). Pre-dialysis Δaugmentation index was significantly associated with Δaortic-mean blood pressure (r2 = 0.09, p = 0.009) and Δaortic pulse pressure (r2 = 0.06, p = 0.03) and inversely associated with baseline augmentation index (r2 = 0.14, p = 0.001). In multiple linear regression analysis (adjusted R2 = 0.46, p < 0.001) to determine the factors predicting Log carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, extracellular fluid/total body fluid and peripheral mean blood pressure significantly predicted Log carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (p = 0.001 and p = 0.006, respectively). Conclusion: Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, augmentation index, and aortic pulse pressure significantly decreased after hemodialysis. Arterial stiffness was associated with both peripheral and aortic blood pressure. Furthermore, reduction in arterial stiffness parameters was related to reduction in aortic blood pressure. Pre-dialysis carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity was associated with volume status determined by bioimpedance analysis. Volume control may improve not only the aortic blood pressure measurements but also arterial stiffness in hemodialysis patients.

scholarly journals Race/Ethnicity, Vascular Aging, and Mortality Risk: Evidence from the Health and Retirement Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 873-874
Author(s):  
Kevin Heffernan ◽  
Janet Wilmoth ◽  
Andrew London
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Health And Retirement Study ◽  
Vascular Aging ◽  
Retirement Study

Abstract Vascular aging, which is associated with cardiovascular disease risk and mortality, is characterized by increasing arterial stiffness. The gold standard method for the assessment of arterial stiffness is carotid-femoral Pulse Wave Velocity (cfPWV). An emerging body of research suggests that cfPWV can be reasonably estimated from two commonly measured clinical variables—age and blood pressure. Thus, estimated Pulse Wave Velocity (ePWV) holds promise as a novel and easily obtained measure of arterial stiffness that can be used to study vascular aging, particularly with nationally representative datasets that collect biomarker data on sufficiently large sample sizes to examine race/ethnic differences. This analysis uses data from the 2006-2016 Health and Retirement Study to examine race/ethnic variation in the relationship between ePWV and mortality risk. We estimate logistic regression models predicting mortality over an eight-year period for four racial/ethnic groups: White, Black, Other, and Hispanic. Controls are included for sociodemographic characteristics, health status and behaviors, and blood biomarkers such as C-reactive protein, cystatin-C, hemoglobin A1c, total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. The results indicate ePWV increases the risk of mortality in the total sample and among each race/ethnic group, net the effect of age, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure. Mechanisms that mediate this relationship are explored. The findings provide insight into vascular aging processes that influence mortality risk among race/ethnic groups.

scholarly journals Insulin Increases Central Aortic Stiffness in Response To Hyperglycemia in Healthy Humans: A Randomized Four-Way Crossover Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
William B Horton ◽  
Linda A Jahn ◽  
Lee M Hartline ◽  
Kevin W Aylor ◽  
James T Patrie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Reflection ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Healthy Humans

Abstract Introduction: Increasing arterial stiffness is a feature of vascular aging that is accelerated by conditions that enhance cardiovascular risk, including diabetes mellitus. Multiple studies demonstrate divergence of carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity and augmentation index in persons with diabetes mellitus, though mechanisms responsible for this are unclear.Materials and Methods: We tested the effect of acutely and independently increasing plasma glucose, plasma insulin, or both on hemodynamic function and markers of arterial stiffness (including carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, augmentation index, forward and backward wave reflection amplitude, and wave reflection magnitude) in a four-arm, randomized study of healthy young adults.Results: Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity increased only during hyperglycemic-hyperinsulinemia (+0.36 m/s; p=0.032), while other markers of arterial stiffness did not change (all p>0.05). Heart rate (+3.62 bpm; p=0.009), mean arterial pressure (+4.14 mmHg; p=0.033), central diastolic blood pressure (+4.16 mmHg; p=0.038), and peripheral diastolic blood pressure (+4.09 mmHg; p=0.044) also significantly increased during hyperglycemic-hyperinsulinemia.Conclusions: We conclude that the acute combination of moderate hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia preferentially stiffens central elastic arteries. This effect may be due to increased sympathetic activity. (ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT03520569; registered 9 May 2018).

Evaluation of arterial stiffness and central blood pressure by oscillometric method in normotensive offspring of hypertensive parents

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Cansu Sivrikaya Yildirim ◽  
Pelin Kosger ◽  
Tugcem Akin ◽  
Birsen Ucar
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Pulse Wave Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Wave Analysis

Abstract Children with a family history of hypertension have higher blood pressure and hypertensive pathophysiological changes begin before clinical findings. Here, the presence of arterial stiffness was investigated using central blood pressure measurement and pulse wave analysis in normotensive children with at least one parent with essential hypertension. Twenty-four-hour ambulatory pulse wave analysis monitoring was performed by oscillometric method in a study group of 112 normotensive children of hypertensive parents aged between 7 and 18 comparing with a control group of 101 age- and gender-matched normotensive children of normotensive parents. Pulse wave velocity, central systolic and diastolic blood pressure, systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure values were higher in the study group than the control group (p < 0.001, p = 0.002, p = 0.008, p = 0.001, p = 0.005, p = 0.001, p = 0.001, respectively). In all age groups (7–10, 11–14, and 15–18 years), pulse wave velocity was higher in the study group than the control group (p < 0.001). Pulse wave velocity was higher in children whose both parents are hypertensive compared to the children whose only mothers are hypertensive (p = 0.011). Pulse wave velocity values were positively correlated with age, weight, height, and body mass index (p < 0.05). Higher pulse wave velocity, central systolic and diastolic blood pressure values detected in the study group can be considered as early signs of hypertensive vascular changes. Pulse wave analysis can be a reliable, non-invasive, and reproducible method that can allow taking necessary precautions regarding lifestyle to prevent disease and target organ damage by detecting early hypertensive changes in genetically risky children.

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