scholarly journals Greenhouse Whitefly Control of Salvia, 1997

1998 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 356-357
Author(s):  
D. R. Smitley ◽  
T. W. Davis ◽  
M. M. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation System ◽  
Michigan State University ◽  
State University ◽  
Greenhouse Whitefly ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Eggs And Larvae ◽  
Clay Pots

Abstract Salvia plants were started from seeds in 25" X 14" tubs at the Pesticide Research Center greenhouses at Michigan State University on 7 May. These 3 tubs were surrounded by fully grown zinnia plants that had large numbers of white-fly. The larger Zinnia plants had previously been placed in a research greenhouse with a long history of whitefly problems. After the Salvia from the tubs grew to approximately 1 to 2 inches, they were replanted into individual 6" clay pots. The plants were irrigated with 120 mL of water daily, with a drip irrigation system. Plants were also fertilized with Peters 20-20-20 at 1000 ppm biweekly. Pre-treatment counts were made on 19 Jun by taking five leaves per plant and counting the number of eggs and larvae on the bottom of the leaves using a dissecting scope. Treatments were blocked by using an adjusted precount. The adjusted precounts represented 33% of the eggs added to the total number of larvae. Each treatment was replicated 6 times. Due to the number of treatments, the test was arranged in several blocks, each with an untreated check. Single application granular treatments were all applied on 25 Jun and spray applications were applied on 25 Jun, 2 Jul, and 9 Jul. A hand-held R&D CO2 sprayer with an 8003 nozzle at 50 psi was used. Whitefiles were counted by collecting leaves on 2 Jul, 17 Jul, 22 Jul and examining in the same manner as for the precounts.

scholarly journals Greenhouse Whitefly Control on Petunias, Michigan, 1993

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 333-333
Author(s):  
D. R. Smitley ◽  
T. W. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Michigan State University ◽  
State University ◽  
Single Plant ◽  
Greenhouse Whitefly ◽  
Clay Pots ◽  
Made In

Abstract Petunia plants were raised from seed in 6 inch clay pots for 10 wks reaching a height of 10-12 inches in a research greenhouse infested with whitefly at Michigan State University. Each treatment including a control was replicated 6 times. Each replicate was a single plant. Precounts of 5 leaves taken randomly from each plant were completed on 14 and 21 Jul. All immature whitefly (pupae and larvae) were counted. The treatments were blocked based on these precounts. Applications were applied on 22, 30 Jul and 6 Aug with a R&D CO2 sprayer with a single 8008 nozzle at 50 psi until first runoff. Postcounts were made in the same manner as precounts on 28 Jul, 4, 12 Aug.

scholarly journals Thrips Control on Gloxinia 1997

1998 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 345-345
Author(s):  
D. R. Smitley ◽  
T. W. Davis ◽  
M. M. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Research Center ◽  
Michigan State University ◽  
State University ◽  
Pre Treatment

Abstract Gloxinia plants were obtained in flats from Earl J. Small Inc. in Florida, and transplanted to 6-inch :lay pots on 5 May. Plants were grown in a thrips infested greenhouse at the Pesticide Research Center at Michigan State University. The pre-treatment counts were made on 24 Jul by collecting 2 buds per plant, extracting the thrips with EtOH, filtering through a Buchner funnel and counting the number of thrips under a dissecting microscope. Only 3 of the 7 replicate plants were sampled for precounts since only 25% of the plants had begun to flower. Pre counts were used to block the treatments. The treatments were sprayed on 28 Jul, 1 Aug, 4 Aug, and 8 Aug with a handheld R&D CO2 sprayer with an 5008 nozzle at 30 psi. On 11 Aug, flowers were collected to determine efficacy of insecticide treatments against thrips. One or two flowers were collected rom each plant. Some plants had flowered and already dropped their flowers, but at least 5 plants in each treatment had flowers suitable for sampling (n = 5 - 7) except for 3 treatments in which the treatments severely damaged the flowers. Counts from plants with only one flower were doubled to correate with the remaining plants which all were sampled using two flowers.

scholarly journals Sports Related Concussion Impacts Speech Rate and Muscle Function

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell E. Banks ◽  
Deryk S. Beal ◽  
Eric J. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Function ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Speech Rate ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Michigan State University ◽  
State University ◽  
The Past ◽  
Student Community ◽  
History Of ◽  
Concussion History

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo examine speech rate and muscle function in athletes with and without sports related concussion (SRC).MethodsWe recruited 30 athletes aged 19-22 years-old who had sustained a SRC within the past 2 years and 30 pair-wise matched controls with no history of SRC from the student community at Michigan State University. Speech rate and muscle function were evaluated during diadochokinetic (DDK) tasks. Speech rate was measured via average time per syllable, average unvoiced time per syllable, and expert perceptual judgement. Speech muscle function was measured via surface electromyography over the obicularis oris, masseter, and segmental triangle. Group differences were assessed using MANOVA, bootstrapping and predictive ROC analyses.ResultsAthletes with SRC had slower speech rates during DDK tasks than controls as evidenced by longer average time per syllable (F(1, 52) = 11.072, p =.002, [95% CI : .01 to .04]), longer average unvoiced time per syllable (F(1, 52) = 16.031, p < .000, [95% CI : .01 to .029] and expert judgement of slowed rate (F(1, 22) = 9.782, p = .005, [95% CI : .163 to .807]). Rate measures were predictive of concussion history. Further, athletes with SRC required more speech muscle activation than controls to complete the DDK tasks (F(1, 3) = 17.12, p =.000, [95% CI: .003 to .006]).ConclusionWe found clear evidence of slowed speech and increased muscle activation during the completion of DDK tasks in athletes with SRC histories relative to controls. Speech rate and muscle assessment should be incorporated into clinical evaluation of concussion.

scholarly journals A Detached Cucumber Fruit Method to Screen for Resistance to Phytophthora capsici and Effect of Fruit Age on Susceptibility to Infection

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (10) ◽  
pp. 1276-1282 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Gevens ◽  
K. Ando ◽  
K. H. Lamour ◽  
R. Grumet ◽  
M. K. Hausbeck
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategy ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Michigan State University ◽  
State University ◽  
Plant Introductions ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Cucumber Fruit ◽  
History Of ◽  
Standard Practices

Identification and utilization of resistance to Phytophthora capsici could provide the basis for a viable management strategy against cucumber fruit rot, a persistent threat in cucumber (Cucumis sativus) production. Our objectives were to develop a method for testing detached, nonwounded, cucumber fruit for resistance to P. capsici, and to screen cucumber cultivars and plant introductions (collectively referred to as cultigens) for resistance. Four P. capsici isolates (differing in their sensitivity to the fungicide mefenoxam and compatibility type) were compared for their fruit infection capability in 1999 and 2000. No significant differences were found among isolates, and a single isolate was used for all subsequent screens. From 1999 to 2004, 480 cucumber cultigens were grown according to standard practices at Michigan State University research farms in four fields with no history of P. capsici. Commercially mature fruit were harvested, inoculated with P. capsici, and rated for lesion diameter, pathogen sporulation diameter, and density of pathogen sporulation. Although no fruit exhibited complete resistance to P. capsici, some cultigens exhibited limited pathogen sporulation. In the process of screening, it was observed that younger, smaller fruit were comparatively more susceptible than older, larger fruit. Replicated trials with hand-pollinated fruit showed that the transition from susceptible to more resistant appeared to coincide with the transition from the period of rapid fruit elongation to the period of increased fruit diameter. This is the first report using a nonwounded fruit screen to analyze cucumber resistance to P. capsici.

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