scholarly journals Sports Related Concussion Impacts Speech Rate and Muscle Function

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell E. Banks ◽  
Deryk S. Beal ◽  
Eric J. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Function ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Speech Rate ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Michigan State University ◽  
State University ◽  
The Past ◽  
Student Community ◽  
History Of ◽  
Concussion History

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo examine speech rate and muscle function in athletes with and without sports related concussion (SRC).MethodsWe recruited 30 athletes aged 19-22 years-old who had sustained a SRC within the past 2 years and 30 pair-wise matched controls with no history of SRC from the student community at Michigan State University. Speech rate and muscle function were evaluated during diadochokinetic (DDK) tasks. Speech rate was measured via average time per syllable, average unvoiced time per syllable, and expert perceptual judgement. Speech muscle function was measured via surface electromyography over the obicularis oris, masseter, and segmental triangle. Group differences were assessed using MANOVA, bootstrapping and predictive ROC analyses.ResultsAthletes with SRC had slower speech rates during DDK tasks than controls as evidenced by longer average time per syllable (F(1, 52) = 11.072, p =.002, [95% CI : .01 to .04]), longer average unvoiced time per syllable (F(1, 52) = 16.031, p < .000, [95% CI : .01 to .029] and expert judgement of slowed rate (F(1, 22) = 9.782, p = .005, [95% CI : .163 to .807]). Rate measures were predictive of concussion history. Further, athletes with SRC required more speech muscle activation than controls to complete the DDK tasks (F(1, 3) = 17.12, p =.000, [95% CI: .003 to .006]).ConclusionWe found clear evidence of slowed speech and increased muscle activation during the completion of DDK tasks in athletes with SRC histories relative to controls. Speech rate and muscle assessment should be incorporated into clinical evaluation of concussion.

scholarly journals Greenhouse Whitefly Control of Salvia, 1997

1998 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 356-357
Author(s):  
D. R. Smitley ◽  
T. W. Davis ◽  
M. M. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation System ◽  
Michigan State University ◽  
State University ◽  
Greenhouse Whitefly ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Eggs And Larvae ◽  
Clay Pots

Abstract Salvia plants were started from seeds in 25" X 14" tubs at the Pesticide Research Center greenhouses at Michigan State University on 7 May. These 3 tubs were surrounded by fully grown zinnia plants that had large numbers of white-fly. The larger Zinnia plants had previously been placed in a research greenhouse with a long history of whitefly problems. After the Salvia from the tubs grew to approximately 1 to 2 inches, they were replanted into individual 6" clay pots. The plants were irrigated with 120 mL of water daily, with a drip irrigation system. Plants were also fertilized with Peters 20-20-20 at 1000 ppm biweekly. Pre-treatment counts were made on 19 Jun by taking five leaves per plant and counting the number of eggs and larvae on the bottom of the leaves using a dissecting scope. Treatments were blocked by using an adjusted precount. The adjusted precounts represented 33% of the eggs added to the total number of larvae. Each treatment was replicated 6 times. Due to the number of treatments, the test was arranged in several blocks, each with an untreated check. Single application granular treatments were all applied on 25 Jun and spray applications were applied on 25 Jun, 2 Jul, and 9 Jul. A hand-held R&D CO2 sprayer with an 8003 nozzle at 50 psi was used. Whitefiles were counted by collecting leaves on 2 Jul, 17 Jul, 22 Jul and examining in the same manner as for the precounts.

Hip-Abduction Torque and Muscle Activation in People With Low Back Pain

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Sutherlin ◽  
Joseph M. Hart
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Hip Muscle ◽  
Hip Abduction ◽  
History Of

Context:Individuals with a history of low back pain (LBP) may present with decreased hip-abduction strength and increased trunk or gluteus maximus (GMax) fatigability. However, the effect of hip-abduction exercise on hip-muscle function has not been previously reported.Objective:To compare hip-abduction torque and muscle activation of the hip, thigh, and trunk between individuals with and without a history of LBP during repeated bouts of side-lying hip-abduction exercise.Design:Repeated measures.Setting:Clinical laboratory.Participants:12 individuals with a history of LBP and 12 controls.Intervention:Repeated 30-s hip-abduction contractions.Main Outcome Measures:Hip-abduction torque, normalized root-mean-squared (RMS) muscle activation, percent RMS muscle activation, and forward general linear regression.Results:Hip-abduction torque reduced in all participants as a result of exercise (1.57 ± 0.36 Nm/kg, 1.12 ± 0.36 Nm/kg; P < .001), but there were no group differences (F = 0.129, P = .723) or group-by-time interactions (F = 1.098, P = .358). All participants had increased GMax activation during the first bout of exercise (0.96 ± 1.00, 1.18 ± 1.03; P = .038). Individuals with a history of LBP had significantly greater GMax activation at multiple points during repeated exercise (P < .05) and a significantly lower percent of muscle activation for the GMax (P = .050) at the start of the third bout of exercise and for the biceps femoris (P = .039) at the end of exercise. The gluteal muscles best predicted hip-abduction torque in controls, while no consistent muscles were identified for individuals with a history of LBP.Conclusions:Hip-abduction torque decreased in all individuals after hip-abduction exercise, although individuals with a history of LBP had increased GMax activation during exercise. Gluteal muscle activity explained hip-abduction torque in healthy individuals but not in those with a history of LBP. Alterations in hip-muscle function may exist in individuals with a history of LBP.

scholarly journals Influence of Family History of Neurodegenerative Diseases on Outcome Following Pediatric Concussion

Neurology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (14 Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. S7.2-S8
Author(s):  
Colt Coffman ◽  
Jacob Kay ◽  
Adam Harrison ◽  
Jeffery Holloway ◽  
Robert Davis Moore
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disease ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Pediatric Concussion ◽  
History Of ◽  
Concussion History ◽  
Data Group

ObjectiveTo longitudinally evaluate the relation between family history of neurodegenerative disease and clinical symptoms, as well as vestibular-ocular and cognitive outcomes following concussion in children.BackgroundResearch indicates that pediatric concussion may lead to chronic alterations in neuropsychological health that can adversely affect neurodevelopment. Therefore, it is critical to identify risk factors that may moderate recovery to improve concussion outcomes in children. Evidence suggests that one such moderator may be a family history of neurodegenerative disease (FHND).Design/MethodsData were collected from a local pediatric concussion clinic. Patients were examined at 2- and 5-weeks post-injury. Clinical symptoms were measured using the Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire (RPQ). Vestibular-ocular function was assessed using the Vestibular/Ocular Motor Screening (VOMS) tool. Cognition was measured using a modified CogState Brain Injury Test Battery. Log-transformations were applied to normalize data. Group differences between those with (n = 13) and without (n = 26) a family history of neurodegenerative disease (Alzheimer’s, Non-Alzheimer’s Dementias, Parkinson’s, and/or Multiple Sclerosis) were analyzed. Children without FHND were double-matched based on sex, age, and concussion history.ResultsAcross timepoints, children with FHND reported more severe clinical symptoms on the RPQ (p’s < 0.05). Additionally, those with FHND showed higher VOMS saccades scores across timepoints compared to those without FHND (p’s < 0.05). Further, children with FHND reported greater dizziness following VOMS saccades and convergence tests at 5-weeks post-injury (p’s < 0.01). No group differences at any timepoint were observed for any measure of cognition.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that a family history of neurodegenerative disease is associated with more severe clinical symptoms and greater vestibular-ocular dysfunction following pediatric concussion.

scholarly journals The Cosa Mithraeum: A Long Overdue Survey

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 157-169
Author(s):  
James C. Henriques
Keyword(s):  
Bryn Mawr ◽  
Florida State University ◽  
State University ◽  
Bryn Mawr College ◽  
The Past ◽  
Scholarly Publications ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Past Half ◽  
Ample Reason

Summary Very likely due to its modest nature, the Cosa Mithraeum has been mentioned in scholarly publications only four times – each in passing – since its discovery in 1954. This sparse attention, restricted solely to literature on Cosa, has meant that the mithraeum is well-known among those intimately familiar with the colony, but has languished in complete obscurity among Mithraic scholars for the past half century. In addition to bringing the Cosa Mithraeum to the attention of a wider audience, this article also argues for a re-evaluation of the most recent dating of the mithraeum. Recent advances in scholarship on mithraea at Ostia give ample reason to suggest that the original date for the Cosa Mithraeum might be more accurate than later interpreters have assumed. Furthermore, the ongoing excavations of Cosa's bath complex, conducted by Florida State University, Bryn Mawr College, and Tübingen University have revealed a city that was still quite active during the 2nd century CE. In light of these developments, this article is an overdue study of the Cosa Mithraeum and its role in the history of the colony.

The Relationship Between Joint Stiffness and Muscle Activity in Unstable Ankles and Copers

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan R. Needle ◽  
Thomas W. Kaminski ◽  
Jochen Baumeister ◽  
Jill S. Higginson ◽  
William B. Farquhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Tibialis Anterior ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Joint Stiffness ◽  
Ankle Injury ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Injury Rehabilitation ◽  
Ankle Stiffness ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

Context:Rolling sensations at the ankle are common after injury and represent failure in neural regulation of joint stiffness. However, deficits after ankle injury are variable and strategies for optimizing stiffness may differ across patients.Objective:To determine if ankle stiffness and muscle activation differ between patients with varying history of ankle injury.Patients:Fifty-nine individuals were stratified into healthy (CON, n = 20), functionally unstable (UNS, n = 19), and coper (COP, n = 20) groups.Main Outcome Measures:A 20° supination perturbation was applied to the ankle as position and torque were synchronized with activity of tibialis anterior, peroneus longus, and soleus. Subjects were tested with muscles relaxed, while maintaining 30% muscle activation, and while directed to react and resist the perturbation.Results:No group differences existed for joint stiffness (F = 0.07, P = .993); however, the UNS group had higher soleus and less tibialis anterior activation than the CON group during passive trials (P < .05). In addition, greater early tibialis anterior activation generally predicted higher stiffness in the CON group (P ≤ .03), but greater soleus activity improved stiffness in the UNS group (P = .03).Conclusion:Although previous injury does not affect the ability to stiffen the joint under laboratory conditions, strategies appear to differ. Generally, the COP has decreased muscle activation, whereas the UNS uses greater plantar-flexor activity. The results of this study suggest that clinicians should emphasize correct preparatory muscle activation to improve joint stiffness in injury-rehabilitation efforts.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document