scholarly journals Periplasm Turgor Pressure Controls Wall Deposition and Assembly in Growing Chara corallina Cells

2006 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
TIMOTHY E. PROSEUS ◽  
JOHN S. BOYER
Keyword(s):  
Turgor Pressure ◽  
Chara Corallina ◽  
Wall Deposition

scholarly journals Cell wall biosynthesis and the molecular mechanism of plant enlargement

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 383 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Boyer
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Critical Level ◽  
Turgor Pressure ◽  
Chara Corallina ◽  
Wall Material ◽  
Primary Wall ◽  
Terrestrial Plants ◽  
Green Plants ◽  
Wall Deposition ◽  
Wall Growth

Recently discovered reactions allow the green alga Chara corallina (Klien ex. Willd., em. R.D.W.) to grow well without the benefit of xyloglucan or rhamnogalactan II in its cell wall. Growth rates are controlled by polygalacturonic acid (pectate) bound with calcium in the primary wall, and the reactions remove calcium from these bonds when new pectate is supplied. The removal appears to occur preferentially in bonds distorted by wall tension produced by the turgor pressure (P). The loss of calcium accelerates irreversible wall extension if P is above a critical level. The new pectate (now calcium pectate) then binds to the wall and decelerates wall extension, depositing new wall material on and within the old wall. Together, these reactions create a non-enzymatic but stoichiometric link between wall growth and wall deposition. In green plants, pectate is one of the most conserved components of the primary wall, and it is therefore proposed that the acceleration-deceleration-wall deposition reactions are of wide occurrence likely to underlie growth in virtually all green plants. C. corallina is one of the closest relatives of the progenitors of terrestrial plants, and this review focuses on the pectate reactions and how they may fit existing theories of plant growth.

scholarly journals Influence of Turgor Pressure Manipulation on Plasmalemma Transport of HCO3− and OH− in Chara corallina

1981 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Lucas ◽  
Jon M. Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Turgor Pressure ◽  
Chara Corallina

Generation of action potentials in Chara corallina by turgor pressure changes

Planta ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 138 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Zimmermann ◽  
Friedrich Beckers
Keyword(s):  
Action Potentials ◽  
Turgor Pressure ◽  
Chara Corallina ◽  
Pressure Changes

scholarly journals Turgor Pressure Moves Polysaccharides into Growing Cell Walls of Chara corallina

2005 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 967-979 ◽  
Author(s):  
TIMOTHY E. PROSEUS ◽  
JOHN S. BOYER
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Turgor Pressure ◽  
Chara Corallina ◽  
Growing Cell

Cell wall elastic properties of Chara corallina

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (14) ◽  
pp. 1933-1939 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Vinters ◽  
J. Dainty ◽  
M. T. Tyree
Keyword(s):  
Turgor Pressure ◽  
Relative Length ◽  
Length Change ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Chara Corallina ◽  
Relative Volume ◽  
A Value ◽  
Transcellular Osmosis ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Relative Length Change

Transcellular osmosis measurements are combined with measurements of the kinetics of relative length change, when Chara corallina cells are transferred from artificial pond water to polyethylene glycol (mol wt 300 to 400) of higher osmotic pressure to yield the constant k, which relates relative volume change ΔV/V to relative length change Δl/l (ΔV/V = k Δl/l). The value of k is 3.5 and is temperature independent between 7 and 30 °C. Static and kinetic estimates of the bulk modulus, ε, indicate that ε is temperature independent and has a value between 500 to 650 bars at high turgor pressures. The value of ε declines as the turgor pressure declines. We show how ε and k are related to Young's modulus and to Poisson's ratio for anisotropic C. corallina cell walls and point out that the previous treatments of the problem are in error.

Measurements of the volumetric and transverse elastic extensibilities of Chara corallina internodes by combining the external force and pressure probe techniques

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 1503-1511 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Steudle ◽  
J. M. Ferrier ◽  
J. Dainty
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
External Force ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Turgor Pressure ◽  
Chara Corallina ◽  
Pressure Probe ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Concentrated Force ◽  
Simultaneous Application ◽  
Measuring Techniques

The transverse and volumetric elastic extensibilities of Chara corallina internodal cell wall tubes were studied by simultaneous application of the external force and pressure probe measuring techniques. It was found that there is a deformation of the cell wall resulting from the concentrated force exerted by the external force, which dominates the transverse extensibility at low turgor pressures, and which can be important at high turgor pressure. The implications of the effect for the use of the external force technique on higher plant tissue are discussed.

scholarly journals A Statistical Model of Cell Wall Dynamics during Expansive Growth

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Lalitha Sridhar ◽  
J.K.E. Ortega ◽  
F.J. Vernerey
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Stress Relaxation ◽  
Statistical Approach ◽  
Turgor Pressure ◽  
Chara Corallina ◽  
Primary Cell Wall ◽  
Dimensionless Number ◽  
Phycomyces Blakesleeanus ◽  
Structural Support ◽  
Pressure Step

ABSTRACTExpansive growth is a process by which walled cells found in plants, algae and fungi, use turgor pressure to mediate irreversible wall deformation and regulate their shape and volume. The molecular structure of the primary cell wall must therefore be able to perform multiple function simultaneously such as providing structural support by a combining elastic and irreversible deformation and facilitate the deposition of new material during growth. This is accomplished by a network of microfibrils and tethers composed of complex polysaccharides and proteins that are able to dynamically mediate the network topology via constant detachment and reattachment events. Global biophysical models such as those of Lockhart and Ortega have provided crucial macroscopic understanding of the expansive growth process, but they lack the connection to molecular processes that trigger network rearrangements in the wall. In this context, we propose a statistical approach that describes the population behavior of tethers that have elastic properties and the ability to break and re-form in time. Tether properties such as bond lifetimes and stiffness, are then shown to govern global cell wall mechanics such as creep and stress relaxation. The model predictions are compared with experiments of stress relaxation and turgor pressure step-up from existing literature, for the growing cells of incised pea (Pisum sativus L.), algaeChara corallinaand the sporangiophores of the fungus,Phycomyces blakesleeanus. The molecular parameters are estimated from fits to experimental measurements combined with the information on the dimensionless number Πpethat is unique to each species. To our knowledge, this research is the first attempt to use a statistical approach to model the cell wall during expansive growth and we believe it will provide a better understanding of the cell wall dynamics at a molecular level.

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