B-16 Evaluating the Effects of Obesity on Cognitive Functioning in a Sample of Multiple Sclerosis Patients
Abstract Objective Fergenbaum et al., 2009 found that obesity was linked to increased cognitive issues in otherwise healthy individuals, while another study found obesity to be neuroprotective in a sample of dementia patients (Fitzpatrick et al., 2009). The present study explores whether obesity is associated with worse cognitive dysfunction in those with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Method This study examined archival neuropsychological test data of 40 patients diagnosed with MS. Participants were separated into two groups based on their BMI: healthy/overweight individuals and obese/morbidly obese. ANOVA was performed to compare performances between groups on tasks measuring learning and memory, processing speed, and executive functioning; areas commonly affected in MS. Results Significant differences between groups were noted on only portions of two different tests; unstructured verbal learning (p = .003) and mental sequencing (p = .048), but no differences were found in other tasks. Particularly, performance was statistically equal between groups on measures of response inhibition (p = .887), visual processing speed (p = .182), visuospatial learning (p = .118), visuospatial free recall (p = .205), simple auditory attention (p = .630), working memory (p = .223), psychomotor speed (p = .969), and complex divided attention (p = .202). Conclusion Obese patients with MS scored significantly better on the majority of tasks that we reviewed. These results seem to contradict a study that examined healthy subjects but seems to replicate findings in at least one clinical population; those with dementia. It is possible that increased BMI in clinical populations may indicate better overall health leading to better cognition, though if it is actually neuroprotective and only limited to MS and dementia is uncertain. Future research endeavors are discussed.