Characterization and proposed spontaneous deletion mechanism of AVR-Pik locus in Pyricularia oryzae

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phyo Han Thwin ◽  
Mai Funabiki ◽  
Yuki Tomita ◽  
Takehiko Yamazaki ◽  
Ayumi Abe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Homologous Recombination ◽  
Transposable Elements ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Nucleotide Sequences ◽  
Pyricularia Oryzae ◽  
Avirulence Gene ◽  
Spontaneous Mutant

Abstract In phytopathogenic fungi, a mutation in the avirulence gene can lead to the breakdown of resistance in the host plant. The nucleotide sequences of the AVR-Pik locus in the strain Ina168 and its spontaneous mutant Ina168m95-5 of Pyricularia oryzae were determined. An AVR-Pik spontaneous deletion mechanism of Ina168m95-5, including multiple homologous recombination events involving repetitive transposable elements, is proposed.

Antifungal Activities of Some Indole Derivatives

2010 ◽  
Vol 65 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 437-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Xu ◽  
Qin Wang ◽  
Wen-Bin Yang
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Pyricularia Oryzae ◽  
Indole Derivatives ◽  
Alternaria Brassicae ◽  
Antifungal Activities

Nine indole derivatives were evaluated in vitro against Fusarium graminearum, Alternaria alternata, Helminthosporium sorokinianum, Pyricularia oryzae, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumarinum, and Alternaria brassicae. Most of the compounds were found to possess antifungal activities. Especially compounds 2, 5, 8, and 9 exhibited broad-spectrum antifungal activities against the above-mentioned seven phytopathogenic fungi, and showed more potent activities than hymexazole, a commercial agricultural fungicide.

Soybean aphids adapted to host-plant resistance by down regulating putative effectors and up regulating transposable elements

2020 ◽  
Vol 121 ◽  
pp. 103363
Author(s):  
Ashley D. Yates-Stewart ◽  
Josquin Daron ◽  
Saranga Wijeratne ◽  
Saima Shahid ◽  
Hilary A. Edgington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transposable Elements ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Host Plant Resistance ◽  
Soybean Aphids

scholarly journals Rmg8, a New Gene for Resistance to Triticum Isolates of Pyricularia oryzae in Hexaploid Wheat

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (12) ◽  
pp. 1568-1572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vu Lan Anh ◽  
Nguyen Tuan Anh ◽  
Analiza Grubanzo Tagle ◽  
Trinh Thi Phuong Vy ◽  
Yoshihiro Inoue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Magnaporthe Grisea ◽  
Molecular Mapping ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Tetraploid Wheat ◽  
Pyricularia Oryzae ◽  
Avirulence Gene ◽  
Simple Sequence Repeat Markers ◽  
New Gene ◽  
Simple Sequence

Blast, caused by Pyricularia oryzae, is one of the major diseases of wheat in South America. We identified a new gene for resistance to Triticum isolates of P. oryzae in common wheat ‘S-615’, and designated it “resistance to Magnaporthe grisea 8” (Rmg8). Rmg8 was assigned to chromosome 2B through molecular mapping with simple-sequence repeat markers. To identify an avirulence gene corresponding to Rmg8, Triticum isolate Br48 (avirulent on S-615) was crossed with 200R29 (virulent on S-615), an F1 progeny derived from a cross between an Eleusine isolate (MZ5-1-6) and Br48. Segregation analysis of their progeny revealed that avirulence of Br48 on S-615 was conditioned by a single gene, which was designated AVR-Rmg8. AVR-Rmg8 was closely linked to AVR-Rmg7, which corresponded to Rmg7 located on chromosome 2A of tetraploid wheat.

Construction of a system for exploring mitotic homologous recombination in the genome of Pyricularia oryzae

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 422-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takayuki Arazoe ◽  
Shuichi Ohsato ◽  
Tsutomu Arie ◽  
Katsuyoshi Yoneyama ◽  
Shigeru Kuwata
Keyword(s):  
Homologous Recombination ◽  
Pyricularia Oryzae

scholarly journals Transposable Element Loads in a Bacterial Symbiont of Weevils Are Extremely Variable

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (24) ◽  
pp. 7832-7834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin M. Dougherty ◽  
Gordon R. Plague
Keyword(s):  
Homologous Recombination ◽  
Transposable Elements ◽  
Transposable Element ◽  
Insertion Sequence ◽  
Bacterial Symbiont ◽  
Genomic Variation ◽  
Bacterial Endosymbiont

ABSTRACT Not only are transposable elements profuse in the bacterial endosymbiont of maize weevils, but we found that their quantities also vary ∼10-fold among individual weevils. Because multicopy elements can facilitate homologous recombination, this insertion sequence (IS) load variability suggests that these essentially asexual bacteria may exhibit substantial intraspecific genomic variation.

Rescue of Drosophila engrailed mutants with a highly divergent mosquito engrailed cDNA using a homing, enhancer-trapping transposon

Development ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 124 (8) ◽  
pp. 1531-1541
Author(s):  
M. Whiteley ◽  
J.A. Kassis
Keyword(s):  
Homologous Recombination ◽  
Transposable Elements ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
P Element ◽  
Null Mutation ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
Enhancer Trapping ◽  
Regulatory Dna

Specific fragments of Drosophila regulatory DNA can alter the insertional specificity of transposable elements causing them to ‘home’ to their parent gene. We used this property to insert a transposon-encoded functional coding region near a defective one and rescue a null mutation. This approach differs from homologous recombination in that the endogenous defective coding region is left in place and the genomic DNA is altered by the addition of the therapeutic transposon. We constructed a P-element-based transposon in which an engrailed cDNA from Anopheles gambiae (a mosquito) is expressed from a Drosophila engrailed minimal promoter. The promoter fragment used includes 2.6 kb of regulatory DNA that causes transposons to home to the endogenous Drosophila engrailed gene at high frequencies. We inserted this transposon onto a Drosophila chromosome that produces no functional engrailed proteins. When this transposon integrated near the engrailed promoter, adult viability was restored to engrailed mutant flies showing that the highly divergent mosquito engrailed protein can replace the Drosophila engrailed protein at all stages of development. Insertion of this transposon into the adjacent invected gene, which is transcribed in a pattern similar to engrailed, led to only embryonic rescue, suggesting an important difference in the regulation of these two genes.

scholarly journals The Colletotrichum lagenarium MAP Kinase Gene CMK1 Regulates Diverse Aspects of Fungal Pathogenesis

2000 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 374-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshitaka Takano ◽  
Taisei Kikuchi ◽  
Yasuyuki Kubo ◽  
John E. Hamer ◽  
Kazuyuki Mise ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Map Kinase ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Magnaporthe Grisea ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Conidial Germination ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Kinase Gene ◽  
Colletotrichum Lagenarium ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein

The infection process of Colletotrichum lagenarium, the causal agent of cucumber anthracnose disease, involves several key steps: germination; formation of melanized appressoria; appressorial penetration; and subsequent invasive growth in host plants. Here we report that the C. lagenarium CMK1 gene encoding a mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase plays a central role in these infection steps. CMK1 can complement appressorium formation of the Pmk1 MAP kinase mutant of Magnaporthe grisea. Deletion of CMK1 causes reduction of conidiation and complete lack of pathogenicity to the host plant. Surprisingly, in contrast to M. grisea pmk1 mutants, conidia of cmk1 mutants fail to germinate on both host plant and glass surfaces, demonstrating that the CMK1 MAP kinase regulates conidial germination. However, addition of yeast extract rescues germination, indicating the presence of a CMK1-independent pathway for regulation of conidial germination. Germinating conidia of cmk1 mutants fail to form appressoria and the mutants are unable to grow invasively in the host plant. This strongly suggests that MAP kinase signaling pathways have general significance for infection structure formation and pathogenic growth in phytopathogenic fungi. Furthermore, three melanin genes show no or slight expression in the cmk1 mutant when conidia fail to germinate, suggesting that CMK1 plays a role in gene expression required for appressorial melanization.

scholarly journals Hfr FORMATION DIRECTED BY Tn10

Genetics ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 639-655
Author(s):  
Forrest G Chumley ◽  
Rolf Menzel ◽  
John R Roth
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Homologous Recombination ◽  
Genetic Mapping ◽  
Transposable Elements ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
F Plasmid ◽  
Chromosome Transfer ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Bacterial Systems

ABSTRACT The transposable drug-resistance element, TnlO, can serve as a region of homology to direct the insertion of an F′tsll4 lac plasmid into the chromosome of Salmonella typhimurium. Derivatives of F′tsl14 lac were constructed that carry TnlO insertions; these plasmids were transferred to strains having a TnlO insertion in the chromosome. Under these circumstances, Hfr formation requires homologous recombination between plasmid-borne and Chromosomal TnlO elements. The process is dependent on recA function and on the presence of both TnlO elements. All Hfr's isolated from a given merodiploid show the same direction of transfer. Depending on the orientation of TnlO in the F′ plasmid, Hfr's transferring in either direction can be obtained from any chromosomal TnlO insertion. Since TnlO insertions can be generated in any region of the chromosome, this method permits the isolation of Hfr's with either direction of transfer having their origin at almost any predetermined site. The Hfr's constructed by this method are sufficiently stable for standard genetic mapping crosses, and they have also been used to generate new F′ plasmids. Implicit in the results above is the possibility of determining the orientation of any chromosomal TnlO insertion by constructing an Hfr using a standard F′ TnlO plasmid and determining the direction of chromosome transfer. The general approaches described here are applicable to other transposable elements and other bacterial systems.

scholarly journals Expression of Magnaporthe grisea Avirulence Gene ACE1 Is Connected to the Initiation of Appressorium-Mediated Penetration

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 546-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Fudal ◽  
Jérôme Collemare ◽  
Heidi U. Böhnert ◽  
Delphine Melayah ◽  
Marc-Henri Lebrun
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Magnaporthe Grisea ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Current Control ◽  
Camp Signaling ◽  
Avirulence Gene ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Avirulence Genes ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Melanin Biosynthesis

ABSTRACT Magnaporthe grisea is responsible for a devastating fungal disease of rice called blast. Current control of this disease relies on resistant rice cultivars that recognize M. grisea signals corresponding to specific secreted proteins encoded by avirulence genes. The M. grisea ACE1 avirulence gene differs from others, since it controls the biosynthesis of a secondary metabolite likely recognized by rice cultivars carrying the Pi33 resistance gene. Using a transcriptional fusion between ACE1 promoter and eGFP, we showed that ACE1 is only expressed in appressoria during fungal penetration into rice and barley leaves, onion skin, and cellophane membranes. ACE1 is almost not expressed in appressoria differentiated on Teflon and Mylar artificial membranes. ACE1 expression is not induced by cellophane and plant cell wall components, demonstrating that it does not require typical host plant compounds. Cyclic AMP (cAMP) signaling mutants ΔcpkA and Δmac1 sum1-99 and tetraspanin mutant Δpls1::hph differentiate melanized appressoria with normal turgor but are unable to penetrate host plant leaves. ACE1 is normally expressed in these mutants, suggesting that it does not require cAMP signaling or a successful penetration event. ACE1 is not expressed in appressoria of the buf1::hph mutant defective for melanin biosynthesis and appressorial turgor. The addition of hyperosmotic solutes to buf1::hph appressoria restores appressorial development and ACE1 expression. Treatments of young wild-type appressoria with actin and tubulin inhibitors reduce both fungal penetration and ACE1 expression. These experiments suggest that ACE1 appressorium-specific expression does not depend on host plant signals but is connected to the onset of appressorium-mediated penetration.

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