EP.WE.78Variation in the Branching Pattern of the Anterior Branches of the External Carotid Artery

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Elsllabi
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Invasive Procedure ◽  
Carotid Bifurcation ◽  
External Carotid Artery ◽  
External Carotid ◽  
Branching Pattern ◽  
Scottish Population ◽  
Branching Patterns ◽  
The Common

Abstract Aims The external carotid artery (ECA) shows a variable branching pattern of its stemming vessels. The aim of this study is to investigate the origin of the three primary anterior branches of the external carotid artery (ECA): the superior thyroid (STA), lingual (LA), and facial arteries (FA). Methods The branching pattern of the external carotid artery was studied on 15 Thiel embalmed cadavers of Scottish population (7 males and 8 females). The carotid triangle was dissected bilaterally in order to uncover the common carotid (CCA), internal carotid (ICA) and external carotid arteries (ECA). Moreover, the origin sites of the main anterior branches of the ECA (STA, LA and FA) were assessed in relation to the carotid bifurcation (CB) and with regard to sex and side. Results The STA was found to arise more frequently from the ECA (60%) than from the CCA (40%). Regarding the assessment of the branching patterns of the external carotid artery, the specimens where the STA, LA and FA emerged as individual branches were 90% of cases. The distances from the vessel origin site to the CB were found to be (8.11 ± 2.77), (19.38 ± 8.85) and (27.95 ± 10.15), for the STA, LA, and FA respectively. Conclusions In-depth knowledge of the branching pattern of the external carotid artery is of great importance. The current findings have confirmed that the ECA branching pattern is highly variable. Therefore, considering some radiological imaging before conducting any invasive procedure in the neck region could be vital to prevent iatrogenic injuries.

scholarly journals 865 Variation in the Branching Pattern of the Anterior Branches of the External Carotid Artery

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Elsllabi
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Invasive Procedure ◽  
Carotid Bifurcation ◽  
External Carotid Artery ◽  
External Carotid ◽  
Branching Pattern ◽  
Radiological Imaging ◽  
Iatrogenic Injuries ◽  
Scottish Population

Abstract Aims The external carotid artery (ECA) shows a variable branching pattern of its stemming vessels. The aim of this study is to investigate the origin of the three primary anterior branches of the external carotid artery (ECA): the superior thyroid (STA), lingual (LA), and facial arteries (FA). Method The branching pattern of the external carotid artery was studied on 15 Thiel embalmed cadavers of Scottish population (7 males and 8 females). The carotid triangle was dissected bilaterally in order to assess the origin sites of the main anterior branches of the ECA (STA, LA and FA) in relation to the carotid bifurcation (CB). Results The STA arises more frequently from the ECA (60%) than from the CCA (40%). The STA, LA and FA emerged as individual branches in 90% of cases. The distances from the origin site to the CB were (8.11 ± 2.77), (19.38 ± 8.85) and (27.95 ± 10.15), for the STA, LA, and FA respectively. Conclusions In-depth knowledge of the branching pattern of the external carotid artery is of great importance. The current findings have confirmed that the ECA branching pattern is highly variable. Therefore, considering some radiological imaging before conducting any invasive procedure in the neck region is vital to prevent iatrogenic injuries.

scholarly journals Variations in the Branching Pattern of External Carotid Artery in South Kerala Population – A Cadaveric Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (22) ◽  
pp. 1780-1785
Author(s):  
Manju Sudhakaran ◽  
Mini Alikunju ◽  
Vandana Latha Raveendran ◽  
Umesan Kannanvilakom Govindapillai
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Carotid Bifurcation ◽  
External Carotid Artery ◽  
External Carotid ◽  
Superior Thyroid Artery ◽  
South Indian Population ◽  
Branching Pattern ◽  
South Indian

BACKGROUND External carotid arteries account for a major share of arterial supply of head and neck regions. As variations are frequently observed in the branching pattern of external carotid artery, surgeons, radiologists and anaesthetists often encounter difficulties in various procedures of head and neck. The purpose of this study is to describe the variations in the branching pattern of external carotid artery as observed in South Indian population which definitely reduces its iatrogenic injuries associated with surgical and radiological procedures of head and neck. METHODS This is cross-sectional descriptive study. Bilateral neck dissection was done on twenty-two formalin fixed cadavers to study the branching pattern of external carotid artery during a period of two years in the Department of Anatomy in Government Medical College, Alappuzha. Common carotid, external carotid and internal carotid arteries were dissected. All the branches of external carotid artery were traced and the variations were noted. The distance between carotid bifurcation and point of origin of individual branches of external carotid were measured and statistically analyzed. RESULTS In the present study along with normal branching pattern of external carotid artery, variations like origin of superior thyroid artery from common carotid artery and also from carotid bifurcation were seen. A common linguofacial trunk and direct origin of superior laryngeal artery from external carotid artery were also observed. CONCLUSIONS Prior knowledge of the variations will be helpful to surgeons and anaesthetists while dealing with these vessels during procedures of head and neck regions. KEYWORDS External Carotid Artery, Carotid Bifurcation, Superior Thyroid Artery, Linguofacial Trunk

scholarly journals Bilateral anatomical variation in branching pattern of external carotid artery in a male cadaver - a case report

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (02) ◽  
pp. 108-110
Author(s):  
L. Khanal ◽  
P. Baral ◽  
P. Yadav ◽  
A. Pandeya ◽  
S. Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Common Carotid Artery ◽  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
External Carotid Artery ◽  
Facial Artery ◽  
External Carotid ◽  
Superior Thyroid Artery ◽  
Branching Pattern ◽  
Male Cadaver

AbstractDevelopmental anomalies in the origin and branching pattern of the external carotid artery are not common. The level of the bifurcation of the common carotid artery and also the variations in the origin/branching pattern of the external carotid artery are well known and documented. During a routine dissection of middle aged male cadaver in department of Anatomy in BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (BPKIHS) The clinically-relevant variations to be noted were the high origin and anomalous course of the facial artery, superior thyroid artery arising as a branch of Common Carotid artery, high origin of ascending pharyngeal artery, posterior auricular artery and direct glandular branches to the Submandibular gland. Such anatomical variations of external carotid artery are important for surgeons in surgeries of head and neck region and also for radiologists in the image interpretation of the face and neck region.

scholarly journals Variations, relations and clinical significance of carotid arterial system in anterior neck: a cadaveric study

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1127
Author(s):  
Anasuya Ghosh ◽  
Subhramoy Chaudhury ◽  
Atin Datta
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Hypoglossal Nerve ◽  
Carotid Bifurcation ◽  
External Carotid Artery ◽  
Arterial System ◽  
External Carotid ◽  
The Common ◽  
Carotid Arterial

Background: The common carotid, internal and external carotid arteries and their branches serve as major source of blood supply in head-neck region of human and are often encountered during numerous surgical and clinical interventions of neck.Methods: We dissected and examined both sides of neck in 49 well embalmed cadavers (98 sides). We recorded the following anatomical parameters of carotid arterial system-level of bifurcation, the relation between internal and external carotid arteries, branching pattern of anterior branches of external carotid artery, tortuosity in carotid arterial system, and relation of hypoglossal nerve with the carotid arteries.Results: In 56.16 % cases, the common carotid arterial bifurcation took place at the upper border of thyroid cartilage though high bifurcation was quite common (43.88%). The external carotid artery was located antero-medial to internal carotid artery in most cases (93.87%). Abnormal tortuosity of carotid arterial system was detected in 2.04% cases only. In 86.73% cases, the hypoglossal nerve crossed the internal and external carotid artery superior to carotid bifurcation above the level of hyoid bone while in 1 case it crossed immediately inferior to carotid bifurcation. In branching pattern, following variations were observed- linguo-facial trunk in 15.3% cases, thyro-lingual trunk in 5.1% cases, origin of superior thyroid artery from common carotid in 10.02% cases and origin of superior thyroid from internal carotid in one case (1.02%).Conclusions: The carotid arterial system has complex and variable anatomy in neck and this information should be kept in mind to avoid unwanted damage during surgical procedures of neck.

scholarly journals ANOMALOUS ORIGIN OF OCCIPITOAURICULAR TRUNK FROM EXTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY. Origen anomalo del tronco occipito-auricular de la arteria carotida externa

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-109
Author(s):  
Prakash B Billakanti
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Common Carotid Artery ◽  
Present Finding ◽  
Image Interpretation ◽  
External Carotid Artery ◽  
External Carotid ◽  
Common Trunk ◽  
Branching Pattern ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Common

Las anomalías en el origen y patrón de ramificación de la arteria carótida externa (ACE) son comunes. El nivel de la bifurcación de la arteria carótida común (ACC) y las variaciones en el origen / patrón de ramificación de la arteria carótida externa están bien documentados. En el hallazgo de las arterias occipitales y posteriores surgían de un corto tronco común de la ACE en el lado izquierdo. El conocimiento de las variaciones en el origen y curso de las ramas de la ACE  son de suma importancia en la cirugía. Los cirujanos deben ser conscientes de la posibilidad de encontrar estas variaciones, ya que pueden conducir a dificultades en la distinción de las ramas de la arteria carótida externa. Este conocimiento es también importante para los radiólogos en la interpretación de las imágenes de las regiones de la cara y el cuello.  Anomalies in the origin and branching pattern of the external carotid artery (ECA) are common. The level of the bifurcation of the common carotid artery (CCA) and the variations in the origin/branching pattern of the external carotid artery are well documented. In the present finding occipital and posterior auricular arteries were arising by a short common trunk from ECA on the left side. Knowledge of variations in the origin and course of branches of ECA is of importance in surgery. Surgeons need to be aware of the possibility of encountering such variations, as they may lead to difficulties in differentiating the branches of external carotid artery. This knowledge is also important for radiologists in the image interpretation of the face and neck regions. 

scholarly journals THYRO-LINGUO-FACIAL TRUNK OF EXTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY: A RARE VARIATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh Kumar Diwan ◽  
Archana Rani ◽  
Jyoti Chopra ◽  
Navneet Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Hypoglossal Nerve ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
External Carotid Artery ◽  
External Carotid ◽  
Superior Thyroid Artery ◽  
Branching Pattern ◽  
Radial Neck ◽  
Complicated Process ◽  
Male Cadaver

The complicated process of angiogenesis and remodelling which includes annexation and regression of vessels may give rise to variations in the branches of external carotid artery. The knowledge of variations in the branching pattern of external carotid artery (ECA) is important for surgical procedures in the neck region, such as radial neck dissection, catheterization, reconstruction of aneurysm, carotid endarterectomy and intervention radiology. The anatomical consequences of anomalous branching pattern of external carotid artery may have important clinical implications. A rare, common branch of the ECA, a thyro-linguo-facial trunk was found on right side in a 65 years old male cadaver during routine dissection. After giving a branch to thyroid gland as superior thyroid artery, this trunk ran forwards and medially as linguo-facial trunk and divided into lingual and facial arteries. The hypoglossal nerve was crossing the linguo-facial trunk.

scholarly journals Anatomical peculiarities of the origin and traject of the superior thyroid artery

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 124-129
Author(s):  
P. Gavrilidou ◽  
D.M. Iliescu ◽  
Baz R. ◽  
L.M. Rusali ◽  
P. Bordei
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Common Carotid Artery ◽  
Carotid Bifurcation ◽  
External Carotid Artery ◽  
The Body ◽  
External Carotid ◽  
Superior Thyroid Artery ◽  
Common Carotid Trunk ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Common

Abstract the methods of dissection and analysis of angioCT’s. Each of the details was analyzed comparatively on both sides of the body assessing: the origin of the superior thyroid artery in relation to the carotid bifurcation, the face of the external carotid artery that gives origin and the traject of the artery from the origin to the glandular parenchyma. The origin of the superior thyroid artery was evaluated on a number of 64 cases, most frequently having its origin from the external carotid artery, an aspect met 53.125 % of cases, at a distance that was between 1-18 mm. In 28.125 % of cases the superior thyroid artery had its origin in the common carotid trunk at a distance of 1-10 mm caudal to the terminal bifurcation of the common carotid. In 18.75 % of cases, the thyroid artery originated from the carotid bifurcation, which thus ends up by trifurcation. The side of the vessel that emerges the superior thyroid artery was assessed on 42 cases; most commonly the superior thyroid artery having its origin on the medial face, an aspect found in 66.67 % of cases; in 23.81 % of cases originated from the posterior medial and only two cases (4.76 % of cases), both on the left side(8.70 % of cases on the left), the origin of the superior thyroid artery was located on the anterior, respectively faces of the common carotid artery. The traject of the superior thyroid artery was followed on 53 cases, in most cases the artery showing initially a horizontal traject (transverse) towards medially for 1-4 cm, then became obliquely downward, an aspect met in 28.30 % of cases and in 22.64 % of cases, the artery was obliquely downward from its origin. In 11.32 % of cases the traject was obliquely ascending and in 9.43 % of cases the artery was initially obliquely upward for 2-3 cm, after which became transverse. For the remaining 28.30 % of the cases we have met a number of other 5 different patterns of traject but in a small percentage for each of them (5.66% of cases).

scholarly journals Morphological characteristics of the external carotid artery

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-78
Author(s):  
P. Gavrilidou ◽  
D.M. Iliescu ◽  
R. Baz ◽  
P. Bordei
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Carotid Bifurcation ◽  
External Carotid Artery ◽  
External Carotid ◽  
The Common ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right

Abstract The morphological characteristics at the level of the bifurcation of the common carotid artery were studied on 46 cases, finding that the most frequent, in 52.17% of cases, the common carotid bifurcation appear as the letter “V”, with two possible variations: a wide “V”, in 43.48% of cases and narrow “V” in 8.7% of cases. In 30.43% of cases, the two carotids showed an ascending traject, united for 1-2 cm up to their crossing; in 13,04% of the cases the two arteries were superimposed, the external located anteriorly. In only in two cases on the right side (4.35% of cases and 8.33% of right samples) we found a peculiar aspect of a “U” shaped bifurcation. Regarding the caliber of the external carotid artery, we found that in 43.33% of the cases the external carotid artery had a similar diameter to the internal carotid, also in 43.33% of the external carotid artery have a higher caliber than internal one and the remaining 13.33% of the cases, the external carotid artery had a smaller diameter than the internal one, with all cases on the left (16.67% of left carotid arteries). The caliber of the right external carotid artery was between 4 to 5.6 mm and the one of the left was between 3.6 to 5 mm. When the external carotid was more voluminous than the internal, the differences were 0.5 to 1.2 mm and when the internal carotid was more voluminous than the external, the differences were smaller, 0.2 to 0.8 mm. In relation to the common carotid, the external carotid had a smaller caliber from 0.6 to 1.1 mm. Regarding the external carotid traject, most commonly, from the bifurcation of the common carotid, the external carotid artery showed a vertical trajectory, in 50% of cases; in 40% of cases, the traject was oblique superomedially and in 6.67% of cases the external carotid artery described a curve with the convexity facing laterally, with all cases on the right (11.76% of right carotid arteries); in 3.33% of cases, both on the left (7.69% of the left carotid arteries), the external carotid artery traject described an inverted italic “S”

scholarly journals AN UNDOCUMENTED RARE BRANCHING PATTERN OF EXTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4.1) ◽  
pp. 7767-7770
Author(s):  
Sonu ◽  
◽  
Sunita Kalra ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
External Carotid Artery ◽  
Arterial System ◽  
External Carotid ◽  
Common Trunk ◽  
Occipital Artery ◽  
Branching Pattern

The external carotid arterial system supplies the areas of head and neck region. The knowledge of possible anatomical variations occurring in branching pattern of external carotid artery is crucial especially in the surgeries of head, neck and face; as well as for interpretation of radiological investigations like angiograms. During routine dissection of head and region for undergraduate students we discovered common trunk for lingual, facial and ascending pharyngeal arteries. Also, the occipital artery is arising just before the common trunk from the external carotid artery. KEY WORDS: External carotid artery, branches, common trunk, occipital artery.

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