scholarly journals Greater Adherence to the Portfolio Diet Is Associated with Lower Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes in the Women's Health Initiative

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1034-1034
Author(s):  
Andrea Glenn ◽  
Kenneth Lo ◽  
David Jenkins ◽  
Beatrice Boucher ◽  
Anthony Hanley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Women's Health ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Incident Type ◽  
Health Initiative ◽  
Incident Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Diet Score ◽  
The Women’S Health Initiative

Abstract Objectives To assess the association of the plant-based cholesterol-lowering diet, the Portfolio Diet, with incident type 2 diabetes in women. Methods We followed 147,732 postmenopausal women initially free of diabetes in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) Clinical Trials and Observational Study from 1993 through 2017. Adherence to the Portfolio Diet was assessed using an a priori diet index based on six food categories (high in plant protein [soy & pulses], nuts, viscous fiber, plant sterols and monounsaturated fat, and low in saturated fat) that were previously found to lower cardiovascular risk factors in the Portfolio Diet trials. We used Cox proportional-hazard models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the association of adherence to a Portfolio Diet score with incident type 2 diabetes, adjusting for potential confounders (demographics, lifestyle behaviors, and medical history). The Portfolio Diet score was cumulatively assessed at baseline and year three using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Type 2 diabetes diagnosis was ascertained by self-reported medication use. Results There were 14,096 cases of incident type 2 diabetes over a mean follow-up of 14.3 years. In the fully adjusted models, adherence to the Portfolio Diet score was associated with a lower risk of incident type 2 diabetes (HR, 0.88, CIs, 0.83, 0.93; P for trend < 0.001), comparing the highest to lowest quartiles of adherence. Results remained similar across subgroup analyses (age, body mass index, family history of diabetes, and ethnicity) and several sensitivity analyses. Conclusions Among postmenopausal women, higher adherence to the Portfolio Diet was associated with lower incident type 2 diabetes. These findings are the first to show that the Portfolio Diet may be associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes and warrants further investigation. Funding Sources The WHI was funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. AJG was supported by the Banting & Best Diabetes Centre Tamarack Graduate Award in Diabetes Research, the Peterborough K.M. Hunter Charitable Foundation Graduate Award, and an Ontario Graduate Scholarship. JLS was funded by a Diabetes Canada Clinician Scientist Award.

scholarly journals Association between Dietary Energy Density and Incident Type 2 Diabetes in the Women’s Health Initiative

2017 ◽  
Vol 117 (5) ◽  
pp. 778-785.e1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie D. Hingle ◽  
Betsy C. Wertheim ◽  
Marian L. Neuhouser ◽  
Lesley F. Tinker ◽  
Barbara V. Howard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Women's Health ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Incident Type ◽  
Health Initiative ◽  
Incident Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Dietary Energy Density ◽  
The Women’S Health Initiative

scholarly journals Associations of Number of Daily Eating Occasions with Type 2 Diabetes Risk in the Women's Health Initiative Dietary Modification Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marian L Neuhouser ◽  
Betsy C Wertheim ◽  
Martine M Perrigue ◽  
Melanie Hingle ◽  
Lesley F Tinker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Women's Health ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Incident Diabetes ◽  
Dietary Modification ◽  
Health Initiative ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Eating Occasions ◽  
The Women’S Health Initiative

ABSTRACT Background Over 23 million Americans have type 2 diabetes (T2D). Eating habits such as breakfast consumption, time-restricted eating, and limiting daily eating occasions have been explored as behaviors for reducing T2D risk, but prior evidence is inconclusive. Objectives Our objectives were to examine associations between number of daily eating occasions and T2D risk in the Women's Health Initiative Dietary Modification Trial (WHI-DM) and whether associations vary by BMI, age, or race/ethnicity. Methods Participants were postmenopausal women in the WHI-DM who comprised a 4.6% subsample completing 24-h dietary recalls (24HRs) at years 3 and 6 as part of trial adherence activities (n = 2159). Numbers of eating occasions per day were obtained from the year 3 24HRs, and participants were grouped into approximate tertiles as 1–3 (n = 795), 4 (n = 713), and ≥5 (n = 651) daily eating occasions as the exposure. Incident diabetes was self-reported on semiannual questionnaires as the outcome. Results Approximately 15% (15.4%, n = 332) of the WHI-DM 24HR cohort reported incident diabetes at follow-up. Cox proportional hazards regression tested associations of eating occasions with T2D adjusted for neighborhood socioeconomic status, BMI, waist circumference, race/ethnicity, family history of T2D, recreational physical activity, Healthy Eating Index-2005, 24HR energy intake, and WHI-DM arm. Compared with women reporting 1–3 meals/d, those consuming 4 meals/d had a T2D HR = 1.38 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.84) without further increases in risk for ≥5 meals/d. In stratified analyses, associations for 4 meals/d compared with 1–3 meals/d were stronger in women with BMI <30.0 kg/m2 (HR = 1.55; 95% CI: 1.00, 2.39) and women aged ≥60 (HR = 1.61; 95% CI: 1.11, 2.33). Conclusions Four meals per day compared with 1–3 meals/d was associated with increased risk of T2D in postmenopausal women, but no dose–response effect was observed for additional eating occasions. Further studies are needed to understand eating occasions in relation to T2D risk.

scholarly journals Body fat distribution, menopausal hormone therapy and incident type 2 diabetes in postmenopausal women of the MESA study

Maturitas ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
pp. 147-152
Author(s):  
Imo A. Ebong ◽  
Karol E. Watson ◽  
Kristen G. Hairston ◽  
Mercedes R. Carnethon ◽  
Pamela Ouyang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Hormone Therapy ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Body Fat Distribution ◽  
Menopausal Hormone Therapy ◽  
Incident Type ◽  
Incident Type 2 Diabetes

scholarly journals Association of Oily and Nonoily Fish Consumption and Fish Oil Supplements With Incident Type 2 Diabetes: A Large Population-Based Prospective Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo-Chong Chen ◽  
Rhonda Arthur ◽  
Li-Qiang Qin ◽  
Li-Hua Chen ◽  
Zhendong Mei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Fish Consumption ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Incident Type ◽  
Incident Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Oily Fish ◽  
Incident Cases

<b>OBJECTIVE </b> <p>To evaluate associations of oily and non-oily fish consumption and fish oil supplements with incident type 2 diabetes (T2D).</p> <p><b>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS </b></p> <p>We included<a> 392,287 middle-aged and older participants </a>(55.0% women) in the UK Biobank who were free of diabetes, major cardiovascular disease, and cancer, and had information on habitual intake of major food groups and use of fish oil supplements at baseline (<a>2006-2010</a>). Of these, <a>163,706</a> participated in 1-5 rounds of 24-h dietary recalls during 2009-2012. </p> <p><b>RESULTS</b></p> <p>During a median 10.1 years of follow-up, <a>7,262</a> incident cases of T2D were identified. As compared with participants who reported never consumption of oily fish, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (95% CI) of T2D were 0.84 (0.78-0.91), 0.78 (0.72-0.85), and 0.78 (0.71-0.86) for those who reported <1 serving/week, weekly, and ≥2 servings/week of oily fish consumption, respectively (P-trend <0.001). Consumption of non-oily fish was not associated with risk of T2D (P-trend = 0.45). Participants who reported regular fish oil use at baseline had a 9% (95% CI: 4%-14%) lower risk of T2D as compared with non-users. Baseline regular users of fish oil who also reported fish oil use during at least one of the 24-h dietary recalls had an 18% (95% CI: 8%-27%) lower risk of T2D when compared with constant non-users.</p> <p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b></p> Our findings suggest that consumption of oily fish, but not non-oily fish, was associated with a lower risk of T2D. Use of fish oil supplements, especially constant use over time, was also associated with a lower risk of T2D.

Abstract MP05: Leisure-Time Running and Incident Type 2 Diabetes

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 131 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Duck-chul Lee ◽  
Carl J. Lavie ◽  
Timothy S. Church ◽  
Xuemei Sui ◽  
Steven N. Blair
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Incident Type ◽  
Incident Type 2 Diabetes

Introduction: There is still little evidence on the dose-response relation between leisure-time running and incident type 2 diabetes (T2D). Hypothesis: We examined the hypothesis that running reduces the risk of developing T2D. Methods: Participants were 19,347 adults aged 18 to 100 years (mean age, 44) who received an extensive preventive medical examination during 1974-2006 in the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study. Participants were free of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and T2D at baseline. Running and other physical activities were assessed on the medical history questionnaire by self-reported leisure-time activities during the past 3 months. We defined T2D as fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dl, insulin use, or physician-diagnosis during follow-up medical examinations. Cox regression was used to quantify the association between running and T2D after adjusting for baseline age, sex, examination year, body mass index, smoking status, heavy alcohol drinking, abnormal electrocardiogram, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and levels of other physical activities. Results: During an average follow-up of 6.5 years, 1,015 adults developed T2D. Approximately 30% of adults participated in leisure-time running. Runners had a 29% lower risk of developing T2D compared with non-runners. The hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of T2D were 0.97 (0.74-1.27), 0.66 (0.49-0.89), 0.62 (0.45-0.85), 0.78 (0.58-1.03), and 0.57 (0.42-0.79) across quintiles (Q) of running time (minutes/week); 0.99 (0.76-1.30), 0.60 (0.44-0.82), 0.72 (0.55-0.94), 0.65 (0.47-0.90), and 0.63 (0.47-0.86) across Q of running distance (miles/week); 1.08 (0.83-1.40), 0.67 (0.50-0.90), 0.70 (0.53-0.93), 0.61 (0.45-0.83), and 0.53 (0.36-0.76) across Q of running frequency (times/week); 0.95 (0.73-1.24), 0.70 (0.52-0.94), 0.62 (0.45-0.84), 0.73 (0.55-0.97), and 0.58 (0.42-0.80) across Q of total amount of running (MET-minutes/week); and 0.95 (0.71-1.28), 0.76 (0.59-0.99), 0.59 (0.42-0.83), 0.66 (0.51-0.85), and 0.62 (0.43-0.90) across Q of running speed (mph), respectively, compared with no running after adjusting for confounders including levels of other physical activities. Conclusions: Participating in leisure-time running is associated with markedly lower risk of developing T2D in adults. Except for those in the very lowest Q for running doses, even relatively low running doses (starting with Q 2) were associated with marked reductions in T2D risk over time, supporting the prescription of running to reduce T2D.

scholarly journals Association of Oily and Nonoily Fish Consumption and Fish Oil Supplements With Incident Type 2 Diabetes: A Large Population-Based Prospective Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo-Chong Chen ◽  
Rhonda Arthur ◽  
Li-Qiang Qin ◽  
Li-Hua Chen ◽  
Zhendong Mei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Fish Consumption ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Incident Type ◽  
Incident Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Oily Fish ◽  
Incident Cases

<b>OBJECTIVE </b> <p>To evaluate associations of oily and non-oily fish consumption and fish oil supplements with incident type 2 diabetes (T2D).</p> <p><b>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS </b></p> <p>We included<a> 392,287 middle-aged and older participants </a>(55.0% women) in the UK Biobank who were free of diabetes, major cardiovascular disease, and cancer, and had information on habitual intake of major food groups and use of fish oil supplements at baseline (<a>2006-2010</a>). Of these, <a>163,706</a> participated in 1-5 rounds of 24-h dietary recalls during 2009-2012. </p> <p><b>RESULTS</b></p> <p>During a median 10.1 years of follow-up, <a>7,262</a> incident cases of T2D were identified. As compared with participants who reported never consumption of oily fish, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (95% CI) of T2D were 0.84 (0.78-0.91), 0.78 (0.72-0.85), and 0.78 (0.71-0.86) for those who reported <1 serving/week, weekly, and ≥2 servings/week of oily fish consumption, respectively (P-trend <0.001). Consumption of non-oily fish was not associated with risk of T2D (P-trend = 0.45). Participants who reported regular fish oil use at baseline had a 9% (95% CI: 4%-14%) lower risk of T2D as compared with non-users. Baseline regular users of fish oil who also reported fish oil use during at least one of the 24-h dietary recalls had an 18% (95% CI: 8%-27%) lower risk of T2D when compared with constant non-users.</p> <p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b></p> Our findings suggest that consumption of oily fish, but not non-oily fish, was associated with a lower risk of T2D. Use of fish oil supplements, especially constant use over time, was also associated with a lower risk of T2D.

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