scholarly journals Effect of a Mediterranean Diet with Varying Quantities of Lean Beef on non-HDL and HDL Lipid Particles: A Randomized Controlled Feeding Cross-Over Trial (OR36-05-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Fleming ◽  
Kristina Petersen ◽  
Penny Kris-Etherton ◽  
David Baer
Keyword(s):  
Particle Number ◽  
State University ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Ldl Particles ◽  
Lipid Panel ◽  
Lean Beef ◽  
Penn State ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Clinical And Translational Research

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the effects of a Mediterranean (Med) style diet with varying quantities of lean beef on non-HDL and HDL lipid subspecies. We hypothesized that a Med diet with lean beef would confer cardiovascular benefits beyond a standard lipid panel and be superior to an average American diet (AAD). Methods We conducted a multicenter, 4-period controlled feeding, randomized crossover study at Penn State University and USDA-Beltsville to evaluate the effects of a Med diet (CHO 42%, PRO 17%, FAT 41%, SFA 8%, MUFA 26%, PUFA 8%) with different quantities of lean beef (0.5, 2.5 and 5.5 oz/day) compared to an average American diet (AAD; CHO 52%, PRO 15%, FAT 33%, SFA 12%, MUFA 13%, PUFA 8%) on CVD risk factors. Participants (n = 66) included generally healthy normal to overweight/obese males and females (BMI = 20–38 kg/m2) 30 to 67 years. Participants were randomized to each of the 4 diets for 4 weeks with an approximate 2-week break between treatments. Fasting blood samples were collected on two consecutive days at baseline (start of study), and at the end of each diet period. Results All three Med diets decreased LDL-C versus AAD (−10.5 ± 2.0, −9.0 ± 2.0, −6.8 ± 2.0 mg/dL, P < 0.0001 for the 0.5, 2.5 and 5.5 oz., respectively). All Med diets elicited similar reductions in total LDL particle number and large particle number (P < 0.01 for both) compared to baseline, however only the Med diets with 0.5 oz./day (−91.2 ± 23 nmol/L) and 2.5 oz./day (−85.3 ± 23 nmol/L) were significantly decreased versus AAD (P < 0.01). There were no treatment differences for IDL or small LDL particles. All diets reduced HDL-C and HDL particle number from baseline (P < 0.01). Conclusions A healthy Med style diet containing 2.5 oz./day of lean beef elicits similar improvements in lipid subspecies compared to a traditional Med style diet containing 0.5 oz./day. The Med style diet containing 5.5 oz./day of lean beef had similar effects on lipid subspecies to the AAD, therefore our findings suggest that £2.5 oz./day of lean beef can be included in a Med diet and not compromise the cardiovascular benefits of a Med diet. Funding Sources This study was funded by the Beef Checkoff. This study also was supported by the USDA, ARS and the Penn State Clinical and Translational Research Institute.

scholarly journals Effect of Mediterranean Diets with Varying Amounts of Lean Beef on Measures of Vascular Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 521-521
Author(s):  
Jennifer Fleming ◽  
Penny Kris-Etherton ◽  
Kristina Petersen ◽  
David Baer
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Central Blood Pressure ◽  
Vascular Health ◽  
State University ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Lean Beef ◽  
Penn State

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the effects of Mediterranean (MED) diets with different quantities of lean beef (0.5, 2.5 and 5.5 oz/day) compared to an Average American diet (AAD) on brachial and central blood pressure, pulse wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index (AI). Methods We conducted a multicenter, 4-period controlled feeding, randomized crossover study at Penn State University and USDA-Beltsville to evaluate the effects of MED diets (CHO 42%, PRO 17%, FAT 41%, SFA 8%, MUFA 26%, PUFA 8%) with different quantities of lean beef (0.5, 2.5 and 5.5 oz/day) compared to an average American diet (AAD; CHO 52%, PRO 15%, FAT 33%, SFA 12%, MUFA 13%, PUFA 8%) on vascular health. Participants (n = 66) included generally healthy males and females (BMI = 20–38 kg/m2) 30 to 67 years. Participants were randomized to each of the 4 diets for 4 weeks with an approximate 2-week break between treatments. Central blood pressure, PWV and AI were measured using the SphygmoCor ECEL-System. Endpoints were assessed at baseline and the end of each 4-week diet period. Results There was a significant treatment effect for PWV (P &lt; 0.01); PWV was lower following consumption of the MED diets containing 0.5 oz. lean beef/day (6.86 m/sec ± 0.14; P &lt; 0.05) and 2.5 oz. of lean beef/day (6.84 m/sec ± 0.15; P &lt; 0.01) compared to the AAD (7.10 m/sec ± 0.14). Compared to the AAD, both the 0.5 oz./day (−3.30 mmHg ± 0.76) and 2.5 oz./day (−2.94 mmHg ± 0.76) MED diets elicited greater reductions in central systolic blood. A similar pattern was observed for central diastolic pressure. Compared to AAD, all three MED diets significantly decreased brachial systolic and diastolic pressures (P &lt; 0.01 for all). Compared to baseline only the MED 0.5 elicited a significant reduction in AI (P &lt; 0.01). Conclusions This study demonstrated improvements in measures of arterial stiffness and central blood pressure following Mediterranean diets containing low to moderate amounts of lean beef. Funding Sources National Cattleman's Beef Association, The Penn State Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University Clinical and Translational Science Award, and NIH/National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences grant no. UL1TR000127.

scholarly journals Who Would Benefit Most from Postprandial Lipid Screening?

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 659-659
Author(s):  
Christina Sciarrillo ◽  
Sara Rosenkranz ◽  
Stephanie P Kurti ◽  
Nicholas Koemel ◽  
Nathaniel D M Jenkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
State University ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Medical Testing ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Strong Positive Association ◽  
Postprandial Lipid ◽  
Kansas State University

Abstract Objectives Individuals with healthy fasting triglycerides (TG) (&lt;150 mg/dL) can still experience a deleterious postprandial TG response (≥220 mg/dL) to a high-fat/high-sugar meal (HFHSM), which has been shown to be a stronger predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD) than fasting TG. The purpose of this study was to identify the lower and upper limits of fasting TG that indicate a benefit from additional postprandial screening. Methods We conducted a secondary analysis of 5 studies from our laboratory featuring 112 disease-free participants (age 19–76 y; 41 M/71F). For all studies, participants observed a 10-hour overnight fast after which they consumed a HFHSM (12–13 kcal/kg body mass; 61–63% fat). Serial blood draws were taken at fasting and serially every hour for 6 hours post-meal to assess the postprandial TG response. Results There was a strong positive association between fasting and peak TG (r = 0.84, P &lt; 0.0001). Based on linear regression, starting at 19.4 mg/dL (i.e., the y-intercept), every 1.0 mg/dL increase in fasting TG was associated with a 2.022 mg/dL increase in peak TG. The model predicted that fasting TG ≥ 99.2 mg/dL (95% confidence interval [CI]: 93.9, 105.2) are likely to yield peak TG ≥ 220 mg/dL. In our sample, 92% (11/12) of individuals with fasting TG &gt; 121 mg/dL exhibited peak TG ≥ 220 mg/dL, while 100% (51/51) of individuals with fasting TG &lt; 66 mg/dL had peak TG that did not exceed ≥ 220 mg/dL. There was a moderate positive association (r = 0.42, P = 0.0036) between fasting and peak TG for individuals with fasting TG between 66 and 121 mg/dL, in which 30% (14/46) exhibited peak TG ≥ 220 mg/dL while 70% (32/46) did not. Conclusions Based on these preliminary analyses, individuals with fasting TG ≥ 99.2 mg/dL are expected to exceed peak TG of ≥ 220 mg/dL, a level that is associated with CVD risk. Our data suggest that postprandial TG testing is most useful for individuals with fasting TG of 66–121 mg/dL. Outside of this fasting TG range, postprandial TG responses are largely predictable. When complete, this study will inform recommendations for postprandial TG assessment in order to better detect CVD risk in the clinical setting and avoid unnecessary medical testing. Funding Sources These projects were funded by Oklahoma State University, Kansas State University, and the American Heart Association.

scholarly journals FRI0420 ASSOCIATION BETWEEN RED BLOOD CELLS DISTRIBUTION WIDTH AND CARDIOVASCULAR RISK IN OSTEOARTHRITIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 808.2-808
Author(s):  
N. Hammam ◽  
G. Salem ◽  
D. Fouad ◽  
S. Rashad
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Functional Limitations ◽  
Functional Limitation ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Distribution Width ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Lipid Panel

Background:Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease that results in patient’s morbidity and disabilities. There is strong evidence that OA is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Red cell distribution width (RDW) blood test is a measure of the variation in red blood cell volume and size. Elevated RDW has recently been found to correlate with CVD risk in patients with and without heart disease and autoimmune diseases. RDW may be a marker for factors driving CVS risk.Objectives:: To investigate whether RDW can serve as a potential parameter for indicating cardiovascular risk in OA patients.Methods:A subsample of 819 OA patients was extracted from 2003-2006 National Health & Nutrition Examination Survey in a cross-sectional study. 63.7% of them were females. Their mean age was 66.4 ± 14.1 yrs. Demographic, medical data, inflammatory markers & lipid panel were obtained. Only patients with Haemoglobin>12 mg/dl were included. Functional limitations were assessed using a physical function questionnaire.Results:Elevated levels of RDW were associated with CVD risk factors in OA patients. 532 (65.8%) OA patients had functional limitations, while 78 (9.5%) and 63 (7.6%) known to have heart attacks or stroke ever. Mean RDW was 12.9±1.1fL. There was a positive significant correlation between RDW & CVD risk factors including body mass index (r=0.17, p<0.001), C-reactive protein (r=0.29, p<0.001), serum uric acid (r=0.12, p<0.001), and functional limitation (0.16, p<0.001). No significant association between RDW & lipid panel was found. In multiple regression analysis controlling for age, sex as covariates, body mass index (β =0.02, 95%CI: 0.01, 0.03, p=0.002), C-reactive protein (β =0.35, 95%CI: 0.26, 0.45, p<0.001), and functional limitation (β =0.18, 95%CI: 0.13, 0.35, p=0.03).Conclusion:In addition to known CVD risk in OA patients, elevated RDW levels should prompt physicians to aggressively screen and treat their patients for modifiable CVS risk factors, in addition to OA.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals Does Consumption of Nitrate Containing Beetroot Juice Affect Indoor Rowing Performance in Males and Females?

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1754-1754
Author(s):  
Giselle Greisman ◽  
June Kloubec ◽  
Alexandra Kazaks ◽  
Kelly Morrow ◽  
Cristen Harris
Keyword(s):  
P Value ◽  
Beetroot Juice ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Beverage Type ◽  
Rowing Performance ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Research Grant

Abstract Objectives The nitrates found in beetroot juice (BR) are known to be a precursor of nitric oxide (NO). NO is a known vasodilator which allows more oxygen to travel in the blood and may improve muscle efficiency. This study aims to measure the effect of BR supplementation on performance on 500-meter row time for trained CrossFit athletes. Many past studies have analyzed the effect of BR on male athletes, this study aimed to include both males and females. Methods This study used a randomized, cross-over, double-blind, placebo-controlled design to measure 500-meter row time. Thirty athletes age 18–60 consumed either a 2.7 oz shot of BR (6.5 mmol nitrate) or a placebo nitrate-free beetroot juice (PL). Two hours later, they rowed 500 meters. After at least a seven-day washout period, athletes repeated the 500-meter row with either BR or PL for comparison. This study was performed from July 2019 – January 2020 and was conducted in Mercer Island, Washington. Results Ten males age 18.0 to 60.3 (median 47.7) and twenty females age 26.7 to 58.3 (median 43.8), participated in this study. Row times for the 500-meter row ranged from 88.2 seconds to 150.7 seconds. Data indicate that although 60% of all participants rowed faster with BR (mean 112.83 seconds), compared to PL (mean 113.40 seconds), the difference in the means of row times (−0.563) was not significant overall (P = 0.29). However, for the 10 males, row times were significantly faster (1.02 second difference, P = 0.04) on average with BR compared to PL. For the 20 females, the difference in mean row time (−0.335 seconds) was not significant (P = 0.66). Competitive rowers were defined as those who rowed under 110 seconds (N = 15). For competitive rowers (10 males, 5 females), row times were significantly faster with BR compared to PL (difference in means −0.94, P = 0.009). However, for those rowers, the P-value of drink * group was 0.015. Conclusions Dietary nitrate improved indoor rowing performance in males but not in females. In addition, competitive rowers were also significantly faster with BR, however, there may be an order bias, since there was significant interaction between beverage type and testing order. Food based nitrate supplements may increase rowing performance with male rowers. Funding Sources Supported by Bastyr Faculty Student Research Grant.

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