scholarly journals Who Would Benefit Most from Postprandial Lipid Screening?

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 659-659
Author(s):  
Christina Sciarrillo ◽  
Sara Rosenkranz ◽  
Stephanie P Kurti ◽  
Nicholas Koemel ◽  
Nathaniel D M Jenkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
State University ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Medical Testing ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Strong Positive Association ◽  
Postprandial Lipid ◽  
Kansas State University

Abstract Objectives Individuals with healthy fasting triglycerides (TG) (<150 mg/dL) can still experience a deleterious postprandial TG response (≥220 mg/dL) to a high-fat/high-sugar meal (HFHSM), which has been shown to be a stronger predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD) than fasting TG. The purpose of this study was to identify the lower and upper limits of fasting TG that indicate a benefit from additional postprandial screening. Methods We conducted a secondary analysis of 5 studies from our laboratory featuring 112 disease-free participants (age 19–76 y; 41 M/71F). For all studies, participants observed a 10-hour overnight fast after which they consumed a HFHSM (12–13 kcal/kg body mass; 61–63% fat). Serial blood draws were taken at fasting and serially every hour for 6 hours post-meal to assess the postprandial TG response. Results There was a strong positive association between fasting and peak TG (r = 0.84, P < 0.0001). Based on linear regression, starting at 19.4 mg/dL (i.e., the y-intercept), every 1.0 mg/dL increase in fasting TG was associated with a 2.022 mg/dL increase in peak TG. The model predicted that fasting TG ≥ 99.2 mg/dL (95% confidence interval [CI]: 93.9, 105.2) are likely to yield peak TG ≥ 220 mg/dL. In our sample, 92% (11/12) of individuals with fasting TG > 121 mg/dL exhibited peak TG ≥ 220 mg/dL, while 100% (51/51) of individuals with fasting TG < 66 mg/dL had peak TG that did not exceed ≥ 220 mg/dL. There was a moderate positive association (r = 0.42, P = 0.0036) between fasting and peak TG for individuals with fasting TG between 66 and 121 mg/dL, in which 30% (14/46) exhibited peak TG ≥ 220 mg/dL while 70% (32/46) did not. Conclusions Based on these preliminary analyses, individuals with fasting TG ≥ 99.2 mg/dL are expected to exceed peak TG of ≥ 220 mg/dL, a level that is associated with CVD risk. Our data suggest that postprandial TG testing is most useful for individuals with fasting TG of 66–121 mg/dL. Outside of this fasting TG range, postprandial TG responses are largely predictable. When complete, this study will inform recommendations for postprandial TG assessment in order to better detect CVD risk in the clinical setting and avoid unnecessary medical testing. Funding Sources These projects were funded by Oklahoma State University, Kansas State University, and the American Heart Association.

scholarly journals Effect of a Mediterranean Diet with Varying Quantities of Lean Beef on non-HDL and HDL Lipid Particles: A Randomized Controlled Feeding Cross-Over Trial (OR36-05-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Fleming ◽  
Kristina Petersen ◽  
Penny Kris-Etherton ◽  
David Baer
Keyword(s):  
Particle Number ◽  
State University ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Ldl Particles ◽  
Lipid Panel ◽  
Lean Beef ◽  
Penn State ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Clinical And Translational Research

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the effects of a Mediterranean (Med) style diet with varying quantities of lean beef on non-HDL and HDL lipid subspecies. We hypothesized that a Med diet with lean beef would confer cardiovascular benefits beyond a standard lipid panel and be superior to an average American diet (AAD). Methods We conducted a multicenter, 4-period controlled feeding, randomized crossover study at Penn State University and USDA-Beltsville to evaluate the effects of a Med diet (CHO 42%, PRO 17%, FAT 41%, SFA 8%, MUFA 26%, PUFA 8%) with different quantities of lean beef (0.5, 2.5 and 5.5 oz/day) compared to an average American diet (AAD; CHO 52%, PRO 15%, FAT 33%, SFA 12%, MUFA 13%, PUFA 8%) on CVD risk factors. Participants (n = 66) included generally healthy normal to overweight/obese males and females (BMI = 20–38 kg/m2) 30 to 67 years. Participants were randomized to each of the 4 diets for 4 weeks with an approximate 2-week break between treatments. Fasting blood samples were collected on two consecutive days at baseline (start of study), and at the end of each diet period. Results All three Med diets decreased LDL-C versus AAD (−10.5 ± 2.0, −9.0 ± 2.0, −6.8 ± 2.0 mg/dL, P < 0.0001 for the 0.5, 2.5 and 5.5 oz., respectively). All Med diets elicited similar reductions in total LDL particle number and large particle number (P < 0.01 for both) compared to baseline, however only the Med diets with 0.5 oz./day (−91.2 ± 23 nmol/L) and 2.5 oz./day (−85.3 ± 23 nmol/L) were significantly decreased versus AAD (P < 0.01). There were no treatment differences for IDL or small LDL particles. All diets reduced HDL-C and HDL particle number from baseline (P < 0.01). Conclusions A healthy Med style diet containing 2.5 oz./day of lean beef elicits similar improvements in lipid subspecies compared to a traditional Med style diet containing 0.5 oz./day. The Med style diet containing 5.5 oz./day of lean beef had similar effects on lipid subspecies to the AAD, therefore our findings suggest that £2.5 oz./day of lean beef can be included in a Med diet and not compromise the cardiovascular benefits of a Med diet. Funding Sources This study was funded by the Beef Checkoff. This study also was supported by the USDA, ARS and the Penn State Clinical and Translational Research Institute.

scholarly journals University Students’ Knowledge and Perceptions Regarding the Nutrient Content of Plant-Based Beverages

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 555-555
Author(s):  
Abigail Hughes ◽  
Jennifer Hanson ◽  
Elizabeth Daniels
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
University Students ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Human Sciences ◽  
State University ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Kansas State University

Abstract Objectives While the consumption of milk in the U.S. continues to decline, plant-based beverages, like almond milk, are becoming increasingly popular. The purpose of this study was to assess university students’ knowledge and perceptions on the nutrient content of plant-based beverages they consume. Methods An online survey was used to collect responses from students at three U.S. universities. Responses were collected from February through September 2020. Students were asked to describe the type of plant-based beverage they drank most often. They were then asked to indicate whether they thought the beverage was greater than, less than, or equal to low-fat cow's milk with regard to energy, protein, vitamin D, and calcium content. Participants were instructed to respond without looking-up their answers, and they were given the option to select “I am not sure” as a response to each question. Using product nutrient labels, responses were scored for accuracy. Results One hundred forty-four students who indicated they drank plant-based beverages completed the survey. Fifty-four % (n = 77) correctly rated the energy content of their beverage, 23% (n = 34) were unsure, 14% (n = 20) overestimated, and 8% (n = 11) underestimated the energy content. When asked about protein, 34% (n = 49) were unsure, 22% (n = 32) overestimated, 21% (n = 30) accurately estimated, and 2% (n = 3) underestimated their beverage's content. For calcium, 43% (n = 58) underestimated, 32% (n = 43) were unsure, 20% (n = 33) answered accurately, and 4% (n = 5) overestimated the content of their beverage. Lastly, for vitamin D, 38% (n = 50) were unsure, 38% (n = 50) underestimated, 23% (n = 30) were accurate, and 1% (n = 1) overestimated the amount of vitamin D in their plant-based beverage. Conclusions Roughly half of all students had an accurate understanding of the energy content of the plant-based beverages they consume. However, the majority did not have an accurate understanding of their beverage's protein, vitamin D, or calcium content. Overall, students appeared to pay attention to the calorie content more than any other nutrient. Although more research is needed, the findings suggest the need to improve students’ awareness of nutrition information and labeling in order to make informed beverage choices. Funding Sources College of Health and Human Sciences, Kansas State University.

Student and Institutional Achievements during an OIE Veterinary Education Twinning Project Collaboration between Sokoine University of Agriculture and Kansas State University

2020 ◽  
pp. e20190121
Author(s):  
Tesfaalem Tekleghiorghis Sebhatu ◽  
Rudovick Kazwala ◽  
Derek Mosier ◽  
Maulilio Kipanyula ◽  
Amandus Muhairwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State University ◽  
Veterinary Education ◽  
Kansas State University

scholarly journals Cultivating Textbook Alternatives From the Ground Up: One Public University’s Sustainable Model for Open and Alternative Educational Resource Proliferation

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Lashley ◽  
Rebel Cummings-Sauls ◽  
Andrew B. Bennett ◽  
Brian L. Lindshield
Keyword(s):  
Public Universities ◽  
Institutional Support ◽  
Educational Resources ◽  
Educational Resource ◽  
Faculty Participation ◽  
State University ◽  
Methodical Approach ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Kansas State University ◽  
Open Materials

<p class="3">This note from the field reviews the sustainability of an institution-wide program for adopting and adapting open and alternative educational resources (OAER) at Kansas State University (K-State). Developed in consult of open textbook initiatives at other institutions and modified around the needs and expectations of K-State students and faculty, this initiative proposes a sustainable means of incentivizing faculty participation via institutional support, encouraging the creation and maintenance of OAER through recurring funding, promoting innovative realizations of “educational resources” beyond traditional textbooks, and rallying faculty participation in adopting increasingly open textbook alternatives. The history and resulting structure of the initiative raise certain recommendations for how public universities may sustainably offset student textbook costs while also empowering the pedagogies of educators via a more methodical approach to adopting open materials.</p>

scholarly journals Maternal Sociodemographic Factors and Antenatal Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 6812
Author(s):  
Maheshwari Andhavarapu ◽  
James Orwa ◽  
Marleen Temmerman ◽  
Joseph Wangira Musana
Keyword(s):  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Adverse Birth Outcomes ◽  
Biological Stress ◽  
Antenatal Stress

Antenatal stress has been associated with adverse birth outcomes such as fetal growth restriction, low birth weight, and preterm birth. Understanding key determinants of stress in a vulnerable pregnant population has the potential of informing development of targeted cost-effective interventions to mitigate against these adverse birth outcomes. We conducted a secondary analysis of data from 150 pregnant women attending antenatal care services at a rural referral hospital in Kenya. The participants completed a sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire, the Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and gave a hair sample for cortisol and cortisone analysis. The association between selected sociodemographic predictors (age, parity, marital status, maternal education, household income, polygyny, and intimate partner violence) and outcomes (hair cortisol, hair cortisone, and PSS score) was examined using univariate, bivariate and multivariate models. We found a negative association between PSS scores and household income (β = −2.40, p = 0.016, 95% CI = −4.36, −0.45). There was a positive association of the ratio of hair cortisone to cortisol with Adolescent age group (β = 0.64, p = 0.031, 95% CI = 0.06, 1.22), and a negative association with Cohabitation (β = −1.21, p = 0.009, 95% CI = −2.11, −0.31). We conclude that household income influenced psychological stress in pregnancy. Adolescence and cohabitation may have an influence on biological stress, but the nature of this effect is unclear.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting the Rate of Fuel Consumption in Aircrafts

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 8066
Author(s):  
Thowayeb H. Hassan ◽  
Abu Elnasr E. Sobaih ◽  
Amany E. Salem
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Fuel Flow ◽  
Homogeneity Of Variance ◽  
Strong Positive Association ◽  
Ground Distance ◽  
The Cost

The cost of fuel and its availability are among the most major concerns for aircrafts and the aviation industry overall. Environmental difficulties with chemical pollutant emissions emitted by aviation machines are also connected to fuel consumption. As a result, it is crucial to examine factors that affect the overall fuel usage and consumption in the airport-based aviation industry. Several variables were investigated related to the total fuel consumed, such as dry operating weight (DOW) (KG), zero-fuel weight (ZFW), take-off weight (TOW), air distance (AIR DIST) (KM), and ground distance (GDN DIST). Analysis of the correlation between total fuel consumed as well as the extra fuel and selected variables was conducted. The results showed that the most positively associated factors with the total used fuel were the air distance (r2 = 0.86, p < 0.01), ground distance (r2 = 0.78, p < 0.01), TOW (r2 = 0.68, p < 0.01), and flight time (r2 = 0.68, p < 0.01). There was also a strong positive association between the average fuel flow (FF) and actual TOW (r2 = 0.74, p < 0.01) as well as ZFW (r2 = 0.61, p < 0.01). The generalized linear model (GLM) was utilized to assess the predictions of total energy usage after evaluating important outliers, stability of the homogeneity of variance, and the normalization of the parameter estimation. The results of multiple linear regression revealed that the most significant predictors of the total consumed fuel were the actual ZFW (p < 0.01), actual TOW (p < 0.01), and actual average FF (p < 0.05). The results interestingly confirmed that wind speed has some consequences and effects on arrival fuel usage. The result reflects that thermal and hydrodynamic economies impact on the flying fuel economy. The research has various implications for both scholars and practitioners of aviation industry.

scholarly journals Relationship between High School Student Participation in State-level Future Farmers of America Career Development Events and Matriculation at the Host University: A Case Study in Horticulture at Kansas State University

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 862-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly A. Williams ◽  
Chad T. Miller ◽  
Ward Upham
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Career Development ◽  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Farmers Of America ◽  
State University ◽  
School Students ◽  
Kansas State University ◽  
Career Development Events

In recent years, many horticulture departments around the United States have been concerned with recruiting and retaining an adequate number of students. One potential recruitment opportunity is the horticulture Future Farmers of America (FFA) Career Development Events (CDEs). For the time period of 1999 to 2012 (14 years), 1462 students participated in the annual state-level horticulture contests, comprising floriculture and nursery/landscape CDEs, held at Kansas State University (KSU). Using the rosters from these two CDEs, we referenced the university’s student information database to determine whether the high school students who participated as FFA horticulture CDE contestants ultimately matriculated to KSU. Fifty-two percent of former FFA horticulture CDE participants were accepted to KSU and 32% matriculated. Of these, 58% enrolled in the College of Agriculture and 19% majored in horticulture. Therefore, 3.5% of total horticulture CDE participants majored in horticulture at KSU. Students who participated in more than one horticulture CDE over time were more likely to major in horticulture at KSU compared with students who competed only once. Thirty-nine percent of students who participated in both horticulture CDEs pursued a baccalaureate program in horticulture. These two student characteristics could be used as indicator data points to target recruitment of future horticulture students. Data about the high school programs that generated contest participants were also summarized. Exceling in the CDE contests was not an indicator CDE participants would pursue a baccalaureate degree in horticulture. These analyses suggest FFA CDEs have some potential to optimize student recruitment efforts.

Hypertension, Cerebrovascular Disease and Stomach Cancer: Is the Salt Hypothesis True?

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (s7) ◽  
pp. 369s-371s ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul K. Whelton ◽  
Peter Goldblatt
Keyword(s):  
Stomach Cancer ◽  
Death Certificate ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Special Relationship ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Disease Associations ◽  
Strong Positive Association ◽  
Diagnostic Concordance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Unique Relationship

1. Analysis of age-adjusted death rates from 21 countries over a 20-year period identified the presence of a strong positive association between recorded mortality from stroke, hypertension and stomach cancer. However, the slopes of regression lines for secular trends analyses varied considerably from country to country, suggesting an inconsistency in the pattern of the relationship. 2. A death certificate study of diagnostic concordance correctly identified previously known disease associations but failed to recognise any special relationship between stroke and stomach cancer or hypertension and stomach cancer. 3. Our results fail to confirm the presence of a unique relationship between stroke and stomach cancer. On the basis of these observations, the hypothesis that exposure to salt increases an individual's risk of developing both stroke and stomach cancer seems unlikely.

scholarly journals Development of a Recombinant Nucleoprotein-Based Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Quantification of Antibodies against Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus

2000 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 700-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven B. Witte ◽  
Cindy Chard-Bergstrom ◽  
Thomas A. Loughin ◽  
Sanjay Kapil
Keyword(s):  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
State University ◽  
Kansas State University ◽  
Porcine Respiratory

ABSTRACT A rapid, inexpensive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to quantitate antibodies to porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus (PRRSV) in serum was developed using a recombinant PRRSV nucleoprotein (rN). The sensitivity (85.3%) and specificity (81.7%) of the Kansas State University ELISA were good, correlating well (82.4%) with the IDEXX HerdChek ELISA.

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